SYNTHETIC AND HYBRID SOUND COMMANDS: VOLUME SEQUENCE LIST COMMANDS +-----------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ | FUNCTION | CMMD | ARGUMENT | KEYBOARD | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |1. | Set volume | --- | volume | --- | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |2. | END sequence | END | --- | --- | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |3. | Set volume CHange Down speed | CHD | speed | D | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |4. | Set volume CHange Up speed | CHU | speed | U | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |5. | WAIt | WAI | pulses | W | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |6. | JuMP | JMP | line # | J | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |7. | Jump Waveform Sequence | JWS | line # | Shift-J | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |8. | HaLT | HLT | --- | H | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |9. | Set SPeeD | SPD | speed | S | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |10. | One-shot ENvelope | EN1 | envelope#| E | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |11. | Looping ENvelope | EN2 | envelope#| Shift-E | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ 120 Waveform sequence list commands +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ | FUNCTION | Cmmd | | Keyboard | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |1. | Set waveform | --- | number | --- | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |2. | END sequence | END | --- | --- | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |3. | Set pitch CHange Down speed | CHD | speed | D | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |4. | Set pitch CHange Up speed | CHU | speed | U | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |5. | WAIt | WAI | pulses | W | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |6. | JuMP | JMP | line # | J | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |7. | Jump Volume Sequence | JVS | line # | Shift-J | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |8. | HaLT | HLT | --- | H | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |9. | Set SPeeD | SPD | speed | S | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ 10. | ARPeggio begin definition | ARP | offset | A | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ 11. | ARpeggio End definition | ARE | --- | E | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ 12. | Set ViBrato Depth | VBD | depth | V | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ 13. | Set ViBrato Speed | VBS | speed | Shift-V | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ 14. | RESet pitch | RES | --- | R | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ |15. | Set Vibrato WaveForm | VWF | number | Shift-W | +----+------------------------------+------+----------+----------+ 121 EXAMPLES: VOLUME SEQUENCE LIST COMMANDS: Set volume Command: --- Argument: --- Keyboard: --- (direct number) This is the default command. It has no command keyword identifier. It sets the absolute volume of the synthetic sound. The range is 00 to 40. You cannot use relative track volumes set on the VOLUME PANEL with synthetic sounds. Example: 00 30 Volume = $30 01 10 Volume = $10 Command: END Argument: --- Keyboard: --- END terminates the Volume Sequence List and is always on the list. You cannot insert other commands below the END command. Change Down (volume) Command: CHD Argument: (speed) Keyboard: D CHD sets the speed the volume decreases on each timing pulse. The volume starts changing after the command. To stop the volume slide, issue the command again with the speed set to 00. Example: 00 CHD Command: Change Down 01 05 Argument: (speed = 5) ... 10 CHD Command: Change Down 11 00 Argument: (speed = 0) stop sliding 122 Change Up (volume) Command: CHU Argument: (speed) Keyboard: U CHU is similar to CHD, but it changes the volume up. Wait Command: WAI Argument: (pulses) Keyboard: W WAI pauses a specified number of timing pulses. Example: 03 WAI Command: Wait 04 10 Argument: (wait for 16 ($10 hex) pulses) Jump Command: JMP Argument: (line number) Keyboard: J JMP goes to another position in the Volume Sequence List. Example: 05 JMP Command: Jump 06 0A Argument: (jumps to line 0A) Jump Waveform Sequence Command: JWS Argument: (line number) Keyboard: Shift-J JWS causes a jump in the Waveform Sequence. This can, for example, trigger a pitch change at the end of the Volume Sequence List. This does not cause a jump to Volume Sequence. Example: 04 JWS Command: Jump Waveform Sequence 05 0F Argument: (jump to waveform sequence 0F) 123 Halt Command: HLT Argument: --- Keyboard: H HLT has the same effect as END, but it can be in the middle of a sequence list. Example: 03 HLT Command: Halt 04 0... Some other code. Can be accessed with JMP instruction. ... Speed Command: SPD Argument: (speed) Keyboard: S SPD sets the execution speed. Example: 0A SPD Command: Speed 0B 01 Argument: (speed = 1) fastest ... The following commands require OctaMED V2.00 (MED V3.20) or later versions. One-shot Envelope Command: EN1 Argument: (envelope wave form number) Keyboard: E EN1 lets you to set the shape of the envelope. When the end of the envelope is reached, nothing occurs. Example: 02 40 03 EN1 Command: Set Envelope 04 05 Argument: (waveform 05) 124 Here waveform 05 is used as an envelope. The envelope execution starts on the next interrupt, so the volume is initialized to 40. The envelope waveform must always be 128 bytes long. Looping Envelope Command: EN2 Argument: (envelope waveform number) Keyboard: Shift-E EN2 is similar to the EN1 command except at the end execution loops to the beginning. WAVEFORM SEQUENCE LIST COMMANDS: Set Waveform Command: --- Argument: (waveform number) Keyboard: --- Use this command to indicate the waveform number (starting from 00). After this instruction, execution stops until next timing pulse occurs. Do not use waveform numbers higher than the number of the last waveform. Example: 00 00 waveform 00 01 01 waveform 01 ... End Command: END Argument: --- Keyboard: --- END terminates the Waveform Sequence List. It is always in the list. You can not insert commands below it. Change Down (pitch) Command: CHD Argument: (speed) Keyboard: D 125 CHD sets the sliding speed for sliding the pitch down. The sliding starts after this command and stops when speed is set to zero. Example: 00 CHD Command: Change Volume Down 01 03 Argument: (speed = 3) ... Change Up (pitch) Command: CHU Argument: (speed) Keyboard: U CHU is similar to CHD, but slides the pitch up. Wait Command: WAI Argument: (pulses) Keyboard: W WAI pauses for the number of pulses specified. Example: 03 WAI Command: Wait 04 02 Argument: (wait 2 pulses) Jump Command: JMP Argument: (line number) Keyboard: J JMP causes a jump to another position in the Waveform Sequence List. Example: 05 JMP Command: Jump 06 0A Argument: (go to line 0A) Jump Volume Sequence Command: JVS Argument: (speed) Keyboard: Shift-J 126 JVS causes a jump in the Volume Sequence. It can, for example, trigger volume changes after waveform events. Example: 09 JVS Command: Jump 0A 00 Argument: (go to volume sequence 00) Halt Command: HLT Argument: --- Keyboard: H HLT has the same effect as END, but it can be in the middle of the sequence list. Example: 03 HLT Command: Halt 04 0... some other code. Speed Command: SPD Argument: (speed) Keyboard: S SPD sets the execution speed in pulses. Example: 0A SPD Command: Set Speed 0B 01 Argument: (speed = 1) fastest ... Arpeggio Definition Command: ARP Argument: (offset) Keyboard: A ARP begins an arpeggio definition sequence. The values that follow are the arpeggio offsets from the root note. The arpeggio sequence ends with an ARE command. The arpeggio starts after the sequence is defined. 127 Example: 03 ARP Command: Start Arpeggio 04 00 Argument: (offset value) 05 04 Argument: (offset value) 06 07 Argument: (offset value) 08 ARE Command: End Definition Arpeggio End Command: ARE Argument: --- Keyboard: E ARE ends an arpeggio definition. See above. Vibrato Depth Command: VBD Argument: (depth) Keyboard: V VBD sets the vibrato depth (00-7F). Values below 0F are usually suitable for ordinary vibrato. Higher values are mainly useful for special effects. Example: 02 VBD Command: Set Vibrato Depth 03 04 Argument: (depth = 4) Vibrato Speed Command: VBS Argument: (speed) Keyboard: Shift-V VBS sets the vibrato speed (00 - 7F). Both the speed and depth must be non-zero for vibrato to work. Example: 02 VBD Command: Set Vibrato Depth 03 04 Argument: (depth = 4) 04 VBS Command: Set vibrato speed 05 30 Argument: (speed = 30) 128 Reset Pitch Command: RES Argument: --- Keyboard: R RES resets the pitch of the note to its initial pitch. The following command requires OctaMED V2.00 (MED V3.20) or later. Vibrato Waveform Command: VWF Argument: (waveform number) Keyboard: Shift-W VWF sets the vibrato waveform. The waveform should always be 32 bytes long. It is actually played reversed (use the REV button to reverse it). By default, a sine wave is used. Example: 00 VBD Command: Set Vibrato Depth 01 06 Argument: (depth = 6) 02 VBS Command: Set Vibrato Speed 03 40 Argument: (speed = 40) 04 VWF Command: Set Vibrato Waveform 05 04 Argument: (use waveform 04) SYNTHETIC SOUND COMMANDS IN SONGS: If used as a MIDI command in a song, E controls the MIDI pan, when used with MIDI. However, when used with synthetic sounds, it triggers a jump in the Waveform Sequence List. 129 For example, to decrease the pitch of the sound at a certain point, the Waveform Sequence could look like this: 00 VBS Command: Set Vibrato Speed 01 40 Argument: (speed = 40) 02 VBD Command: Set Vibrato Depth 03 06 Argument: (depth = 6) 04 00 Command: Play Waveform 00 05 HLT Command: Halt 06 CHD Command: Pitch Changing Entry Point 07 02 Argument: (speed = 2) 08 END Command: End Now you could compose a track like this: +-----+---------- | 011 | C-2 30000 this is the previous synthetic sound | 013 | --- 00000 | 014 | --- 00000 | 015 | --- 00E06 jump to position 06 (pitch starts to slide down) | 016 | --- 00000 | 017 | ... HOLD AND DECAY IN SYNTHETIC SOUNDS: Hold and Decay work well with synthetic sounds. The decay value in synthetic sounds is a jump address in the Volume Sequence List. When the decay starts, execution jumps to this entry in the Volume Sequence List. You can also use it to affect the Waveform Sequence List with the JWS command. Example Volume Sequence List: 00 40 Command: Initialize Volume 01 HLT Command: Halt 02 CHD Command: decay handling (entry point) --> cause decay 03 03 Argument: (speed = 3) 04 END Command: End The decay value for this synthetic sound should be 2. 130