CRIMEAN WAR (1854-1856) The war arose from a dispute over the custody of Jerusalem's Holy Places, but more actually from British & French mistrust of Russia's ambitions in the Balkans. The Russians invaded the Balkans in 1853 but were beaten back by the Austrians. In 1854, Britain & France declared war on Russia. The main theatre of operations was the Crimea - major Battles were the Alma,Sevestapol,Balaclava and Inkerman. The Russians eventually sued for peace.