SCROLLS FROM THE DEAD SEA:
      THE ANCIENT LIBRARY OF QUMRAN AND MODERN SCHOLARSHIP

                          Introduction
                         Scroll Fragment

This scroll fragment was displayed in the exhibit at the Library of
Congress, May - August 1993.  It was provided courtesy of the
Israel Antiquities Authority.  The exhibit caption and translation
(below) provide background on the fragment and its relationship
with the other Dead Sea Scrolls, the Qumran Community, and its
Library.


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                            IMAGE FILE NAME:  psalm-a.gif (b & w)
                            IMAGE FILE NAME:  psalm-b.gif (color)
                            IMAGE FILE NAME:  psalm-c.gif (color)
Psalms
Tehillim
11QPs
Parchment 
Copied ca. 30 - 50 C.E.
Height 18.5 cm (7 1/4 in.), length 86 cm (33 3/4 in.)
Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (5)
                                      

     This impressive scroll is a collection of psalms and hymns,
comprising parts of forty-one biblical psalms (chiefly form
chapters 101-50), in non-canonical sequence and with variations in
detail.  It also presents previously unknown hymns, as well as a
prose passage about the psalms composed by King David. 

     One of the longer texts to be found at Qumran, the manuscript
was found in 1956 in Cave 11 and unrolled in 1961.  Its surface is
the thickest of any of the scrolls-Äit may be of calfskin rather
than sheepskin, which was the more common writing material at
Qumran.  The script is on the grain side of the skin.  The scroll
contains twenty-eight incomplete columns of text, six of which are
displayed here (cols. 14-19).  Each of the preserved columns
contains fourteen to seventeen lines; it is clear that six to seven
lines are lacking at the bottom of each column.

     The scroll's script is of fine quality, with the letters
carefully drawn in the Jewish book-hand style of the Herodian
period.  The Tetragrammaton (the four-letter divine name), however,
is written in the paleo-Hebrew script.

Reference:
Sanders, J. A. The Psalms Scroll of Qumran Cave 11
     (11QPs<superscript>a). Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, IV.
     Oxford, 1965.


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Psalms - Translation
Tehillim
11QPs
Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (5)

     Column 19: Plea for Deliverance (A Noncanonical Psalm)
1.   Surely a maggot cannot praise thee nor a grave worm recount
     thy loving-kindness.
2.   But the living can praise thee, even those who stumble can
     laud thee.  In revealing
3.   thy kindness to them and by thy righteousness thou dost
     enlighten them.  For in thy hand is the soul of every
4.   living thing; the breath of all flesh hast thou given.  Deal
     with us, O LORD,
5.   according to thy goodness, according to thy great mercy, and
     according to thy many righteous deeds.  The LORD
6.   has heeded the voice of those who love his name and has not
     deprived them of his loving-kindness.
7.   Blessed be the LORD, who executes righteous deeds, crowning
     his saints
8.   with loving-kindness and mercy.  My soul cries out to praise
     thy name, to sing high praises
9.   for thy loving deeds, to proclaim thy faithfulness--of praise
     of thee there is no end.  Near death
10.  was I for my sins, and my iniquities have sold me to the
     grave; but thou didst save me,
11.  O LORD, according to thy great mercy, and according to thy
     many righteous deeds.  Indeed have I
12.  loved thy name, and in thy protection have I found refuge. 
     When I remember thy might my heart
13.  is brave, and upon thy mercies do I lean.  Forgive my sin, O
     LORD,
14.  and purify me from my iniquity.  Vouchsafe me a spirit of
     faith and knowledge, and let me not be dishonored
15.  in ruin.  Let not Satan rule over me, nor an unclean spirit;
     neither let pain nor the evil
16.  inclination take possession of my bones.  For thou, O LORD,
     art my praise, and in thee do I hope
17.  all the day.  Let my brothers rejoice with me and the house of
     my father, who are astonished by the graciousness...
18.  [   ] For e[ver] I will rejoice in thee.

Transcription and translation by J. A. Sanders

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deadsea.scrolls.exhibit                        rev. 6/18/93 (kde)