8-Bit Stereo Sound from your Parallel Port(s) Bill of Materials Version 1.90 Updated June 23, 1993 By Dave Boyd INTRODUCTION: Since the initial release of this file, the Japanese had that little IC resin factory explosion. As a result, the prices for integrated circuits went up almost as fast (and as high) as that resin plant did in anticipation of a resin shortage. Even though the resin crisis was over long ago, the prices on integrated circuits have yet to drop. As always, the price of other components not dependent on the resin have gone down. So, even though the components in the V1.00, V1.50, and the power supply haven't changed significantly, their overall price has risen. This file is broken into parts. Each major division marks where the parts list for one piece of the circuit and a parts list for another piece begins. For each of the parts list, the table contains the number of parts that the circuit actually requires, along with the part numbers of both Digi-Key and JameCo parts. The total at the bottom of each list reflects the total price of all the parts if purchased through that particular distributor. At the end of all the individual parts lists, I have included a particular list that may be of interest. The parts list contains listings for all the parts that you will need to build the entire circuit. The parts list is optimized for both JameCo and Digi-Key ordering. There may be a problem with ordering parts for just one board because JameCo and Digi-Key would both add on the $5 processing fee. If your order comes up short, I highly recommend that you find some filler items to get the total up to $25 so that you're only paying for the parts. Also listed are the prices per each set of components if more than one set of parts is purchased (up to 10). For the most part, quantity discounts usually start at quantities of 10 or more. Thus if you can get 9 of your closest friends to purchase parts at the same time you do, you will save some money (especially if you order through only one company). Keep in mind that Digi-Key doesn't charge for shipping UPS ground, so the total price listed will be pretty close to what you'll actually pay for the parts. JameCo, on the other hand, charges $5.00 for the first 2 pounds, $0.50 for each additional pound for shipping UPS ground. Remember that both JameCo and Digi-Key charge a $5 service charge for orders under $25. The catalogs that I am referencing are: Digi-Key #944 (July-August 1994) and JameCo #294 (May-July 1994). V1.00 Stereo Sound Board: | My | JameCo | Digi-Key Quantity | Part # | Part # | Total Cost | Part # | Total Cost -----------+--------+----------+------------+--------------+------------ 1 74HCT04 44898 $ 0.29 CD74HCT04E-ND $ 0.39 2 74HCT373 45065 $ 1.38 CD74HCT373E-ND $ 1.66 1 KS555 51140 $ 0.59 ICM7555IPA-ND $ 0.60 2 DAC0808 25005 $ 3.38 DAC0808LCN-ND $ 3.40 1 LM324 23683 $ 0.49 LM324N-ND $ 1.08 1 7805 51262 $ 0.59 NJM7805FA-ND $ 0.65 1 2N3906 38375 $ 0.10 2N3906-ND $ 0.29 1 Red LED 34745 $ 0.23 P301-ND $ 1.68 1 Grn LED 34753 $ 0.29 P302-ND $ 2.30 16 0.1 uF 15270 $ 1.92 P4917-ND $ 2.88 1 0.01 uF 15229 $ 0.10 P4582-ND $ 0.13 1 0.02 uF 15245 $ 0.12 P4586-ND $ 0.15 1 1 uF 29831 $ 0.09 P6260-ND $ 0.08 2 100 uF 93761 $ 0.26 P6227-ND $ 0.24 2 1000 uF 30015 $ 0.78 P6231-ND $ 0.74 4 1N4148 36038 $ 0.24 1N4148 $ 0.56 3 4.7K 31026 $ 1.79 4.7KQBK-ND $ 0.26 4 1 K 29663 $ 1.79 1.0KQBK-ND $ 0.26 4 10 K 29911 $ 1.79 10KQBK-ND $ 0.26 2 500 31165 $ 1.79 470QBK-ND $ 0.26 2 100 K 29997 $ 1.79 100KQBK-ND $ 0.26 1 1 M 29698 $ 1.79 1.0MQBK-ND $ 0.26 1 DB-25M 15114 $ 0.63 225M-ND $ 0.90 1 HEAT S 70771 $ 0.45 HS106-ND $ 0.23 1 DS 8P 51570 $ 0.09 A95083-ND $ 0.17 2 DS 14P 37161 $ 0.20 A95143-ND $ 0.36 2 DS 16P 37372 $ 0.24 A95163-ND $ 0.38 2 DS 20P 38607 $ 0.30 A95203-ND $ 0.46 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost for 1 of 1 Boards = $23.50 $20.89 1 of 2 = $18.13 $18.23 1 of 3 = $16.30 $17.62 1 of 4 = $15.41 $17.11 1 of 5 = $14.31 $16.25 1 of 6 = $13.95 $16.29 1 of 7 = $13.22 $15.47 1 of 8 = $13.03 $15.45 1 of 9 = $12.88 $15.35 1 of 10 = $12.28 $14.89 NOTES: Statistically, using the best prices, 1 board could cost you as little as $14.03 (up from $13.96 in the last update of this file). However, this statistical value, is a bit impossible because in order to arrive at this price you would be ordering less than $25 from Digi-Key and JameCo which would assess you a $5 service charge each. The next question is what to build this circuit on. I didn't specify any such board in the parts list above because JameCo and Digi-Key both overprice such boards. This is going to sound strange, but I actually recommend that you purchase the boards at Radio Shack for the best price. (Yeah, I know, I should be shot for even suggesting Radio Shack, but their pricing is actually about four to seven times cheaper than either Digi-Key or JameCo when it comes to circuit boards.) The circuit should fit on two 276-170 for $5.58 total. The circuit might actually fit on one 276-154 for $3.79. If it does, the fit might be a little snug. The boards listed above are for solder assembly. You can find even cheaper boards if you want to do wire wrap assembly. However, if you don't already have a surplus of wire wrap sockets, the cost of the sockets alone will exceed the cost of soldering. If you do wire wrap you will need to specify wire wrap I.C. sockets in place of the I.C. sockets already specified in the parts list. Note - KS555 substitution The KS555 was a low power 555 timer that Digi-Key used to sell. I have specified a CMOS 555 timer in its place for the Digi-Key order and just a low power 555 for the JameCo order. Although it should make absolutely no difference, if you have any problems with either, you may want to try an LM555. I wouldn't recommend starting out with the LM555, it has some major disadvantages. Note - Green LED Both the green LED and the red LED are point source LEDs. The advantage of point source LEDs is that they are significantly brighter, the disadvantage is that they don't have as wide of viewing angle. In the JameCo order, the green LED is actually a yellow LED. (I kind of suspicious of it because of its low price. It may not be very bright.) For some reason, JameCo doesn't sell point source green LEDs. If you actually want a green LED, you'll have to specify a diffused LED such as part # 34761 for $0.16 each or you could order a super bright (point source) green LED, part # 11359, for $0.79 each. In the Digi-Key order, both LEDs are specified in a quantity of 10. As it happens, this is the smallest quantity that you can purchase from Digi-Key. A few other parts from Digi-Key are also subject to the same minimum quantity rule. Besides the minimum quantity being 10, the increment size is also 10. (ie. if you need 21, you would have to order 30) Note - 0.1 uF capacitor If you've looked at the schematic and can't figure out where I got 16 capacitors from, then you've forgotten about the decoupling capacitors. Note - Quantity discounts Remember that when ordering several parts, it is sometimes cheaper to order more parts than you actually need. Case in point, when ordering 1000 uF capacitors through Digi-Key, eight capacitors will cost you $2.40 and ten capacitors will $2.40. Similarly, eight 2N3906s will cost you $1.84, where as ten will only cost you $1.79. Note - JameCo's minimum quantity The minimum quantity of resistors that you can order from JameCo is 100. (You'll have a lot of spares leftover.) The minimum and incremental quantity that you can order from Digi-Key is 5. Note - 500 ohm resistor substitution 470 ohm resistors have been substituted for the 500 ohm resistors. Note - DB-25 connector You can either plug the DB-25 connector into the parallel port making sure to run the wires long enough. The other (and much preferred) alternative is to mount the DB-25 connector as close to the sound board as possible and use a shielded DB-25 extension cord to bridge the gap. Note - Heat sink The heat sink is for the 7805 voltage regulator. It is highly recommended that you use one. Note - I.C. sockets The I.C. sockets are not required. However, they are highly recommended. If you've ever had to desolder a 14 pin chip, you'll understand why. Most of the chips used in this circuit are CMOS, in other words, they can be easily damaged if not properly handled. Almost all chips will be damaged if you connect them incorrectly. V1.50 Adapter Module: | My | JameCo | Digi-Key Quantity | Part # | Part # | Total Cost | Part # | Total Cost -----------+--------+----------+------------+-------------+------------ 1 74HCT04 44898 $ 0.29 CD74HCT04E-ND $ 0.39 1 0.1 uF 15270 $ 0.12 P4917-ND $ 0.21 1 0.001 uF 26833 $ 0.10 P4551-ND $ 0.12 1 0.0047uF 26876 $ 0.11 P4559-ND $ 0.12 2 10 K 29911 $ 1.79 10KQBK-ND $ 0.26 1 DB-25M 15114 $ 0.63 225M-ND $ 0.90 1 DB-25F 15157 $ 0.73 225F-ND $ 1.06 1 DS 14P 37161 $ 0.10 A95143-ND $ 0.18 1 DPDT SW 26366 $ 1.19 EG1909-ND $ 0.86 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost for 1 of 1 Boards = $ 5.06 $ 4.10 1 of 2 = $ 4.17 $ 3.97 1 of 3 = $ 3.87 $ 3.93 1 of 4 = $ 3.72 $ 3.91 1 of 5 = $ 3.63 $ 3.90 1 of 6 = $ 3.57 $ 3.93 1 of 7 = $ 3.53 $ 3.92 1 of 8 = $ 3.50 $ 3.91 1 of 9 = $ 3.47 $ 3.90 1 of 10 = $ 2.97 $ 3.39 NOTES: Statistically, using the best prices, 1 board could cost you as little as $3.20 (up from $3.18 in the last update of this file). However, this statistical value, is a bit impossible because in order to arrive at this price you would be ordering less than $25 from both JameCo and Digi-Key which will assess you a $5 service charge. The next question is what to build this circuit on. The circuit should fit on one (Radio Shack) 276-159 for $1.49. The boards listed above are for solder assembly. You can find even cheaper boards if you want to do wire wrap assembly. If you do wire wrap you will need to specify wire wrap I.C. sockets in place of the I.C. sockets already specified in the parts list. V1.90 Adapter Module: | My | JameCo | Digi-Key Quantity | Part # | Part # | Total Cost | Part # | Total Cost -----------+--------+----------+------------+--------------+------------ 1 74HCT04 44898 $ 0.29 CD74HCT04E-ND $ 0.39 1 74HCT244 45022 $ 0.69 CD74HCT244E-ND $ 0.80 1 KS555 51140 $ 0.59 ICM7555IPA-ND $ 0.60 1 2N3906 38375 $ 0.10 2N3906-ND $ 0.29 1 DB-25M 15114 $ 0.63 225M-ND $ 0.90 1 DS 8P 51570 $ 0.09 A95083-ND $ 0.17 1 DS 14P 37161 $ 0.10 A95143-ND $ 0.18 1 DS 20P 38607 $ 0.15 A95203-ND $ 0.23 1 WW 20P 75379 $ 0.89 ED4320-ND $ 2.29 1 SPDT SW 26331 $ 1.19 EG1906-ND $ 0.75 1 100 uF 93761 $ 0.13 P6201 $ 0.09 1 0.01 uF 15229 $ 0.10 P4914 $ 0.15 5 0.1 uF 15270 $ 0.75 P4917 $ 1.05 1 10 K 29911 $ 1.79 10KQBK-ND $ 0.26 1 4.7K 31026 $ 1.79 4.7KQBK-ND $ 0.26 1 1 M 29698 $ 1.79 1.0MQBK-ND $ 0.26 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost for 1 of 1 Boards = $11.07 $ 8.67 1 of 2 = $ 8.24 $ 8.13 1 of 3 = $ 7.34 $ 8.00 1 of 4 = $ 6.90 $ 7.94 1 of 5 = $ 6.63 $ 7.90 1 of 6 = $ 6.45 $ 8.00 1 of 7 = $ 6.32 $ 7.97 1 of 8 = $ 6.23 $ 7.94 1 of 9 = $ 6.15 $ 7.92 1 of 10 = $ 5.44 $ 6.70 NOTES: Statistically, using the best prices, 1 board could cost you as little as $6.00. However, this statistical value, is a bit impossible because in order to arrive at this price you would be ordering less than $25 from both JameCo and Digi-Key which will assess you a $5 service charge. The next question is what to build this circuit on. The circuit fits on one (Radio Shack) 276-168 for $2.49. The boards listed above are for solder assembly. You can find even cheaper boards if you want to do wire wrap assembly. However, If don't already have a surplus of wire wrap sockets, their cost will propel the cost of wire wrapping well above soldering. If you do wire wrap you will need to specify wire wrap I.C. sockets in place of the I.C. sockets already specified in the parts list. Power Supply Board: | My | JameCo | Digi-Key Quantity | Part # | Part # | Total Cost | Part # | Total Cost -----------+--------+----------+------------+------------+------------- 4 0.1 uF 15270 $ 0.60 P4917-ND $ 0.84 2 100 uF 93761 $ 0.26 P6227-ND $ 0.24 2 2200 uF 30533 $ 1.50 P6244-ND $ 2.52 4 1N4001 35975 $ 0.36 1N4001 $ 0.60 1 7812 51334 $ 0.59 NJM7812FA-ND $ 0.65 1 7912 51481 $ 0.59 NJM7912FA-ND $ 0.65 2 HEAT S 70771 $ 0.90 HS106-ND $ 0.46 1 PWR SW 76241 $ 1.19 SW301-ND $ 1.10 1 1A FUSE 69403 $ 0.39 TR145-ND $ 1.11 1 FUSE HDR 18702 $ 0.89 1 PLUG/WIR 37997 $ 1.95 C106-ND $ 4.34 1 XFMR 102592 $ 8.25 T114-ND $ 8.71 1 130V ZNR 34454 $ 0.35 P7060-ND $ 0.42 2 22V ZNR 96938 $ 0.44 P7010-ND $ 0.84 2 14V ZENR 36185 $ 0.38 P6KE15ACT-ND $ 1.52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Cost for 1 of 1 Boards = $18.64 $24.00 1 of 2 = $18.64 $23.70 1 of 3 = $18.40 $23.68 1 of 4 = $18.40 $23.58 1 of 5 = $17.96 $22.81 1 of 6 = $17.96 $22.87 1 of 7 = $17.96 $22.83 1 of 8 = $17.96 $22.88 1 of 9 = $17.96 $22.85 1 of 10 = $16.16 $21.16 NOTES: Statistically, using the best prices, 1 board could cost you as little as $17.92 (down from $20.96 in the last update of this file). However, this statistical value, is a bit impossible because in order to arrive at this price you would be ordering less than $25 from both JameCo and Digi-Key which will assess you a $5 service charge. The next question is what to build this circuit on. If it's possible, it is a good idea to put the voltage regulators and associated circuitry on the same board you're putting the sound circuitry on. (If you don't, it will be necessary to add another 100 uF capacitor across the power supply lines.) That just leaves the transformer and high voltage circuitry. In any case, you should try and find a box for the high voltage circuitry (preferably one that isn't flammable). It is not a good idea to leave high voltage circuitry out in the open where someone or your favorite house pet can touch the circuitry and accidentally kill themselves. (Remember: You don't have to be grounded to get a really nasty shock from touching high voltage. Also, if you are grounded, the shock is likely to be fatal.) When routing wires in and out of an enclosure, always use a grommet and strain relief. The grommet keeps the enclosure from stripping the insulation off the wires and the strain relief prevents the wire from being pulled out. This is probably a good time to point out that JameCo currently sells a power supply that is adequate for this purpose for less money than it costs to build one. So why do I suggest building a power supply when it would be easier just to specify the one that JameCo has? Well, the power supply that JameCo sells, lists the quantity that they have in stock leading me to believe that what they have is surplus. In other words, once they run out, that will be the end of them. Actually, they have two power supplies that would be adequate. The first one is part # 76611, a 23 watt power supply of which they had about 900 (down from 1,650) of when they went to print the catalog. It costs $14.95. It has +5, +15, and -15 volt outputs. If you use this one, make sure you leave out the 14 volt zener diodes. To make this power supply operationable, you will have to purchase a power cord for it. It is an open frame power supply, so you should put it in an enclosure of some sort. If you use this power supply, don't use the 7805 voltage regulator (if it's already a part of the sound board, you will have to remove it). Connect the five volt line of this power supply directly to the five volt line on the sound board. The second power supply is part # 105769, a 20 watt power supply of which they had about 480 of when they went to print the catalog. It costs $12.95. It outputs +5V @ 2A, +12V @ 0.4A, and -12V @ 0.4A. To make this power supply operationable, you will have to purchase a power cord for it. It is an open frame power supply, so you should put it in an enclosure of some sort. If you use this power supply, don't use the 7805 voltage regulator (if it's already a part of the sound board, you will have to remove it). Connect the five volt line of this power supply directly to the five volt line on the sound board. They also list another power supply under part number #65912. It would also work and already has it's own enclosure. Their price is $9.95, which I suspect is a typographical error on their part. Note - Choice of fuse In most instances when something in the circuit shorts, almost any size fuse will blow because the circuit will try to pull at least double digit current. When I was drawing up the schematic, I specified a 1 amp fuse based on this particular idea. Above I have substituted a 0.25 A fuse for the original specified value. This value corresponds better to what the rest of the components on the secondary side of the transformer are actually capable of. Since fuses protect mostly against short circuits, the major factors in determining the size of the fuse is: will it support the current that the circuit needs without blowing and will it blow when there is a short circuit. The fuse specified through Digi-Key is a resettable fuse. It's actually cheaper than the usual replaceable type fuse. Mostly because they don't require a fuse holder. Note - Transformer The JameCo transformer has both a dual primary and a dual secondary. As far as the primary is concerned, this means that the transformer is compatible with both 115 and 230 volts depending if you connect the primaries in parallel or series. The secondary must be connected in series. The Digi-Key transformer has a dual secondary. The secondary must be connected in series. Remember that the windings on a transformer are polarized. Connecting the secondary windings incorrectly will produce no voltage. Connect a "dot" side of one of the secondary windings to the "no dot" side of the other secondary winding. Now you can treat the transformer as if it were centertapped. (Connect a DMM set to AC volts across the two open sides of the windings to verify that there is roughly 24 volts. If the reading is close to zero, then your centertap has 2 of the same polarity winding terminals incorrectly tied together.) Connecting the primary windings on a transformer incorrectly can result in a lot more violent confirmation of your mistake. If you are connecting the primaries in series for 230 volt operation, the results will be similar to that of incorrectly connected secondary windings. However, if you are connecting the primaries in parallel for 115 volt operation, the results are likely to involve a lot of smoke and flames if the circuit is unfused. If not, the fuse will blow everytime the power is connected. The Jameco and Digi-Key transformers have been re-specified as 0.5 amp. This is more than enough current for the sound board. I had originally specified the transformers at 1 amp which would allow for future upgrades to be added without having to worry about the power consumption of the added circuitry. Since this will probably be my last release of the V1.xx series, there is no need for that much current. In V2.00, I am going to try to design a single sided power supply (with the help of one of Maxim's voltage inverters). Note - 22 V ZNR JameCo doesn't print any relevant information next to the ZNRs in their catalog. As such, the selection of this part number is based on a rough educated guess. If you want a ZNR that I know for sure will work, you will have to order them through Digi-Key. Note - Transient Voltage Suppressors The JameCo part number specifies regular zener diodes, where as the Digi-Key part number specifies transient voltage suppressors. In essence, both work roughly equivalent for this purpose. The advantage of the transient voltage suppressors is that they have a very fast reacting time, where the zener diodes are pretty slow by comparison. V1.00 Stereo Sound Board with V1.50, V1.90 Adapters and Power Supply: | My | Quantity | Part # | Part # | Total Cost | Company | Qu. Price -----------+--------+----------+------------+-----------+------------- 2 74HCT04 44898 $ 0.58 JameCo | 0.50 1 74HCT244 45022 $ 0.69 JameCo | 0.59 2 74HCT373 45065 $ 1.38 JameCo | 1.18 2 KS555 51140 $ 1.18 JameCo | 1.18 2 DAC0808 25005 $ 3.38 JameCo | 3.38 1 LM324 23683 $ 0.49 JameCo | 0.45 2 2N3906 38375 $ 0.20 JameCo | 0.18 4 1N4148 36038 $ 0.24 JameCo | 0.20 1 Red LED 34745 $ 0.23 JameCo | 0.21 1 Grn LED 34753 $ 0.29 JameCo | 0.25 1 0.001 uF 26833 $ 0.10 JameCo | 0.08 1 0.0047uF 26876 $ 0.11 JameCo | 0.09 2 0.01 uF 15229 $ 0.20 JameCo | 0.14 1 0.02 uF 15245 $ 0.12 JameCo | 0.10 22 0.1 uF 15270 $ 2.64 JameCo | 1.98 1 1 uF P6260-ND $ 0.08 Digi-Key | 0.069 3 100 uF P6227-ND $ 0.36 Digi-Key | 0.315 2 1000 uF P6231-ND $ 0.74 Digi-Key | 0.642 2 500 470QBK-ND $ 0.26 Digi-Key | VARIES 4 1 K 1.0KQBK-ND $ 0.26 Digi-Key | VARIES 4 4.7 K 4.7KQBK-ND $ 0.26 Digi-Key | VARIES 7 10 K 10KQBK-ND $ 0.52 Digi-Key | VARIES 2 100K 100KQBK-ND $ 0.26 Digi-Key | VARIES 2 1 M 1.0MQBK-ND $ 0.26 Digi-Key | VARIES 2 DB-25M 15114 $ 1.26 JameCo | 1.10 2 DS 8P 51570 $ 0.18 JameCo | 0.16 3 DS 14P 37161 $ 0.30 JameCo | 0.24 2 DS 16P 37372 $ 0.24 JameCo | 0.20 3 DS 20P 38607 $ 0.45 JameCo | 0.69 1 DPDT SW EG1909-ND $ 0.86 Digi-Key | 0.86 1 SPDT SW EG1906-ND $ 0.75 Digi-Key | 0.60 1 PLUG/WIR 37997 $ 1.95 JameCo | 1.79 1 PWR SUP 105769 $12.95 JameCo | 11.49 1 PC BOARD G2654 $ 1.65 E. Goldmine| 1.50 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Grand JameCo Digi-Key Total Total Total Cost for 1 of 1 Boards = $35.42 $29.16 $ 4.61 1 of 2 = $35.42 $29.16 $ 4.61 1 of 5 = $33.45 $28.06 $ 3.74 1 of 10 = $31.41 $26.18 $ 3.58 NOTES: Note that all prices above neglect shipping charges and processing fees. JameCo and Electronic Golmine charge for shipping. Processing fees are incurred on JameCo and Digi-Key orders that are below $25. Electronic Goldmine will not process any orders below $10. Remember that in order to compute the total prices above, multiply the number of boards by the appropriate per board cost. Note - V1.00 Notes and Inverter Refer to the V1.00 notes above for information also pertaining to this parts list. The reason that only two inverters are specified is that it is assumed that if you were to build everything at the same time that you would likely build the everthing on the same board. In which case, one inverter could be used by both the V1.50 and the V1.90 adapters which each only use half of the chip. Note - DB-25 connector The reason that there are only two (instead of three) DB-25 connectors specified in this parts list is because it is inferred that you should build the V1.50 adapter circuit on the same circuit board as the V1.00 sound board. Therefore, no connector is needed to interface between the two circuits. Note - Power supply The power supply that is specified in this parts list is one of the recommended preassembled JameCo ones. If they don't have that one in stock, try to get the other one I have mentioned above. If that one is also unavailable, then you have the choice of building the one in the power supply schematic or trying to find a different preassembled one. Note - 20 pin sockets The reason that the 20 pin wire wrap socket has been omitted from this list is because it is assumed that you would build up the entire circuit on the same board. Thus, the wire wrap socket is no longer required. Note - PC board and Electronics Goldmine The PC board specified in this version is a double sided copper clad board from Electronic Goldmine. While predrilled perfboards are easier (and usually faster) to use, the circuit has grown to the point where they are significantly more expensive. I estimate that the circuit could be built on two of Radio Shack's 276-154s which would cost a total of $7.58. On the other hand, Electronic Goldmine's G2654 is an 8 x 6 inch piece of glass epoxy double sided copper clad board which costs $1.65. While some of you might consider this cheating on the price, this is the way I recommend. I did my V1.00 board on copper clad board and only used Radio Shack's perfboards for (quickly) prototyping each of the two adapters. In fact, I purchased the copper clad board from Electronic Goldmine. Electronic Goldmine has a minimum order of $10 with $4 shipping charge for the first 5 pounds. While Electronic Goldmine is a surplus company, they have several different sizes and types of copper clad board that could be substituted for the one listed above if necessary. Their phone number is (602) 451-7454 at P.O. Box 5408, Scottsdale, AZ 85261. Note that the following parts are surplus and may not be in stock when (and if) you try to purchase them. Other items that could be purchased through Electronic Goldmine are: G5665 SPDT switch $ 0.59 ea. G5666 DPDT switch $ 0.69 ea. 74HCT04 74HCT04 $ 0.29 ea. 74HCT244 74HCT244 $ 0.69 ea. 74HCT373 74HCT373 $ 0.69 ea. LM324 LM324 $ 0.49 ea. 7805TT0220 7805 $ 0.59 ea. G3995 Asst. of 16 drill bits $10.00 ea. .1uFDISC 0.1 uF ceramic disc cap $ 1.00/10 .01uFDISC 0.01 uF ceramic disc cap $ 1.00/10 .022uFDISC 0.02 uF ceramic disc cap $ 1.00/10 1.5uF 35VDC RD 1 uF electrolytic cap $ 1.00/25 100uF 16VDC AX 100 uF electrolytic cap $ 1.00/12 1000uF 16VDC AX 1000 uF electrolytic cap $ 1.00/4 1N4148 1N4148 diodes $ 1.00/25 G2725 3 conductor cord w/ plug $ 0.75 ea. 10K(1/4w) 10K ohm 1/4 w resistor $ 0.49/10 G5464 6 p.s. LEDs Asst. colors $ 1.00 ea. The assortment of drill bits is listed in case you are looking for a set of pc board bits. It doesn't say specifically what sizes are included in the set. However, it does list them as being tungsten carbide. DISCLAIMER: Any damage you do to yourself, your computer, your stereo, or anything or anyone else is your own fault, not mine. To the best of my knowledge there are no errors in the circuit schematic or the parts lists. However, the parts lists don't reflect all of the same components used in my own sound board. As my own sound board was built out of what I had laying around at the time. It would be a good idea to obtain the referenced catalogs and compare the specified part numbers to make sure that I didn't make any typographical errors. (The values of the parts in the V1.00 and V1.50 sound circuitry have been confirmed to work, however different part numbered parts were used in my circuit as compared with this parts list.) This circuit schematic and associated documentation files have been given to you in hopes that you will copy it, distribute it, and use it to build this circuit. Altering this file (like removing my name) or any of the other files in this ZIP file is strictly prohibited and illegal. Selling this file for a profit is strictly prohibited and illegal. I don't expect any fee for using this file. However, if you find this schematic to be of great use, a donation of $5 would be greatly appreciated. This schematic took me more time to draw up and document than the circuit took to construct and debug. Send any questions, comments, and donations to: Dave Boyd W2740 Rock River Paradise Watertown, WI 53094 You can also Email me via EXEC-PC BBS at (414) 789-4210.