LC COLLECTIONS ENRICH DEAD SEA SCROLL EXHIBIT  

In December 1991, Mark Talisman, the President of Washington D.C.'s
Project Judaica Foundation, approached the Library of Congress on
behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority with a proposal to mount
an exhibition of Dead Sea Scrolls.  That initial contact led to a
fruitful collaboration between the Library of Congress, the Israel
Antiquities Authority, the New York Public Library, and the M.H. de
Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco.  The outcome of that
collaboration, "Scrolls from the Dead Sea: The Ancient Library of
Qumran and Modern Scholarship," is on view through August 1 in the
gallery of the James Madison Memorial Building. 
 
The proposal to mount a Dead Sea Scroll exhibit came on the heels
of the very public squabble concerning scholarly access to the
unpublished fragmentary Dead Sea Scrolls in the custody of the
Israel Antiquities Authority.  In late August 1991, two scholars
affiliated with Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati--Ben Zion
Wacholder and Martin Abegg--published a computer reconstruction of
various texts using a decades-old concordance. In September of that
year, the Huntington Library, responding to the public outcry,
acted unilaterally and opened its microfilms of the Dead Sea
Scrolls to the public.  And finally, Hershel Shanks, the publisher
of _Biblical Archaeology Review_, produced a two-volume facsimile
edition of the scrolls.  The exhibit that was proposed to LC by the
Authority would include scrolls from the very collection that had
been the subject of the heated public debate and controversy.

From the outset, the organizers viewed the scroll exhibit as an
opportunity to showcase related materials from the collections of
each of the respective venues.  "Scrolls from the Dead Sea,"
therefore, highlights not only the scrolls and artifacts on loan
from the Israel Antiquities Authority, but also books, manuscripts,
photographs, maps, atlases, prints, and even newsreel footage, from
the special and general collections of the Library of Congress. 
Two types of materials were selected to augment the Israeli
materials: (1) rarities from the special collections housed in
PSCMI and (2) examples of "modern scholarship"--that is, monographs
and specialized studies on the exhibited scrolls from the General
Collections.  The New York Public Library and the M. H. de Young
Memorial Museum will follow suit and include materials from their
own collections (or materials borrowed from other collections) to
supplement the Israeli objects that will form the common nucleus of
each venue's exhibition.  

The LC materials have been used to highlight a variety of subjects. 
To illustrate the the chain of transmission of the biblical text,
we have placed alongside the two-thousand-year-old Dead Sea Psalm
Scroll, a facsimile of the tenth-century Aleppo Codex (which until
the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls was the earliest known Hebrew
Bible manuscript) and the first Hebrew printed edition of the
Psalms from 1477--both from the Library's Hebraic collections.  A
series of views of the Holy Land from atlases and maps from the
Geography and Map Division, as well as a 19th-century panorama of
Jerusalem from the Prints and Photographs Division, provide
visitors with a sense of place for the scrolls and artifacts. 
Early editions of Flavius Josephus and Pliny the Elder from the
Rare Book and Special Collections Division are displayed in the
exhibition section that treats the possible Essene identification
of the Qumran community.  The Leviticus Scroll, written in the
paleo-Hebrew script, is grouped with an 18th-century Torah Scroll
and a 19th-century Samaritan Bible manuscript (written in a script
similar to the paleo-Hebrew)--all opened to same verses in
Leviticus.  

Of special interest, are the materials connected with the Library
of Congress' first Dead Sea Scroll exhibition in October 1949.  A
newsreel from the Motion Pictures, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound
Division, titled "Library of Congress ... Oldest Known Bible
Scrolls on Display," documents the delivery of the scrolls to the
national library, the unrolling of the Isaiah Scroll in the Whitall
Pavilion by the Metropolitan of Jerusalem's Syrian Jacobite Church,
and the opening of the three-scroll exhibition in the Great Hall of
the Library's Thomas Jefferson Building.  Completing this section
on "LC and the Scrolls" are photographs and memoranda documenting
the event from the Manuscript Division.  

Interspersed throughout are examples of modern Dead Sea Scroll
research drawn from the General Collections.  The exhibition
features scholarly monographs on the Psalm Scroll, the Book of
Enoch, Leviticus, the Damascus Document, the Songs of the Sabbath
Sacrifice, the Community Rule, the phylactery text, the Calendar
Scroll, the Hosea Commentary, and the War Rule.  A section on the
"Dead Sea Scrolls in Translation" includes Indonesian, Japanese,
Arabic, Serbo-Croatian, Russian, and Yiddish versions from the
Library's Area Studies collections as well as from its General
Collections.

Listed below are the supplementary materials from the Library's
collections that are included in the Dead Sea Scrolls exhibition. 
The Israel Antiquity Authority's scrolls and archaeological
artifacts are enumerated in the published exhibition catalog,
_Scrolls from the Dead Sea: An Exhibition of Scrolls and Artifacts
from the Collections of the Israel Antiquities Authority_
(Washington, 1993).

                                            Michael W. Grunberger
                                            Head, Hebraic Section

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


              CHECKLIST OF SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
         FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
                 IN "SCROLLS FROM THE DEAD SEA"

(These items are also found in the files LCbooks#.txt in each
section of the exhibit)


             INTRODUCTION - THE WORLD OF THE SCROLLS

Aleppo Codex (Jerusalem, 1976) Printed book. Hebraic Section,
African and Middle Eastern Division (117)

David Roberts. "Dead Sea Looking Towards Moab, April 4, 1839"  in
_The Holy Land_ (London, 1842-1849) Lithograph, with hand-coloring.
Prints and Photographs Division. (163) 

W. Hammerschmidt. [A View from the Mount of Olives, ca. 1860]  
Albumin print. Prints & Photographs Division (165)

Claudius Ptolemaeus. _Cosmographia_ (Ulm, 1486) Printed book, with
hand-colored woodcut. Geography and Map Division (166)

Abraham Ortelius. "Terra Sancta," in _Theatrum orbis terrarum_
(London, 1606) Printed book, with hand-colored etching. Geography
and Map Division (167)

Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg. "Jerusalem," in _Civitatis orbis
terrarum_ (Cologne, 1612) Printed book, with hand-colored etching. 
Geography and Map Division (168)

A. J. Marks. _Bird's-Eye View of the Holy Land_ (New York, 1879)
Chromo-lithograph, sectional map in six parts. Geography and Map
Division (169)

Psalms. [Complutensian] (1514-1517) Printed polyglot Bible. Rare
Book and Special Collections Division (177)

J. A. Sanders. _The Dead Sea Psalms Scroll_ (Ithaca, 1967) Printed
book. General Collections (185)

[Psalms, with commentary of David Kimhi] (Bologna?, 1477) Printed
book. Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (190)


                      THE QUMRAN COMMUNITY

Flavius Josephus. _De antiquitate Judaica_ (Augsburg, 1470).
Printed book.  Rare Book and Special Collections Division (104)

"Solomon's Temple," in Flavius Josephus Frontispiece, _The Genuine
Works ..._ (London, 1737) Engraving. Rare Book and Special
Collections Division (105)

Flavius Josephus. _Ioudaikes ..._ (Basel, 1544) Printed book. Rare
Book and Special Collections Division (106)

Flavius Josephus.  _De bello Judaico_ (Verona, 1480) Printed book.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (107) 

"Jerusalem," in Flavius Josephus.  _The ... Works of Flavius
Josephus_ (New York, 1792) Printed book, engraving.  Rare Book and
Special Collections Division (108) 

Flavius Josephus. _L`histoire ..._  (Paris, 1530) Printed book.
Rosenwald Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division
(110) 

Pliny the Elder. _Naturalis historiae_ (Parma, 1481) Printed book.
Rare Book and Special Collections Division (111) 

Pliny the Elder.  _Naturalis historiae_ (Venice, 1472) Printed
book. Rare Book and Special Collections Division (113)

Talmud. Tohorot (Venice, 1528) Printed book.  Hebraic Section,
African and Middle Eastern Division (118) 

John Trever (photographer). _Scrolls from Qumran Cave I_
(Jerusalem, 1972) Printed book. Hebraic Section, African and Middle
Eastern Division (126)

Norman Golb. "The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Perspective," _The
American Scholar_ (Spring, 1989) Bound serial.  General Collections
(135)

Shemaryahu Talmon. _The World of Qumran from Within_ (Jerusalem,
1989) Printed book. General Collections (144)

Yigael Yadin. _Tefillin from Qumran_ (Jerusalem, 1969) Printed
book. Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (151)

Phylacteries (Early 20th century) Leather. Hebraic Section, African
and Middle Eastern Division (182)


                       THE QUMRAN LIBRARY

Torah Scroll (North Africa, ca. 18th century) Parchment scroll.
Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (116)

Robert Eisenman and James Robinson, eds.  _A Facsimile Edition of
the Dead Sea Scrolls_ (Washington, 1991) Printed book. Hebraic
Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (130)

Carol Newsom. _Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice_ (Atlanta, 1985)
Printed book. General Collections (148)

Jozef T. Milik. _The Books of Enoch_ (Oxford, 1976) Printed book.
General Collections (150)

John Marco Allegro. _Qumra^n Cave 4_ DJD V (Oxford, 1968) Printed
book. General Collections (153)

Maurya Horgan. _Pesharim: Qumran Interpretations of Biblical Books_
(Washington, 1979) Printed book. General Collections (154)

Leviticus [Samaritan Pentateuch] (1880) Manuscript. Hebraic
Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (175)

First Maccabees. [Walton's Polyglot] (London, 1655-1657) Printed
polyglot Bible. Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern
Division (176)

D. N. Freedman and K. A. Mathews. _The Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus
Scroll (11QPaleo Lev)_ (Winona Lake, Indiana, 1985) Printed book.
General Collections (184) 


                    TWO THOUSAND YEARS LATER

Eusebius.  _Auncient ... ecclesiasticall histories_ (London, 1585)
Printed book. Rare Book and Special Collections Division (112) 

S. Glassman. _Megiles fun Yam ha-Maylekh_ (New York, 1965) Printed
book. Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (120) 

Eleazar Lipa Sukenik. _Megillot Genuzot_ (Jerusalem, 1948) Printed
book. Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (125)

Ben Zion Wacholder and Martin Abegg.  _A Preliminary Edition of the
Unpublished Dead Sea Scrolls_ (Washington, 1991)  Printed book.
Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (128)

Solomon Zeitlin. _The Dead Sea Scrolls and Modern Scholarship_
(Philadelphia, 1956) Printed book. Hebraic Section, African and
Middle Eastern Division (129)

John Marco Allegro. _The Shapira Affair_ (Garden City, 1965)
Printed book. General Collections (133)

Myriam Harry. "La petite fille de Jerusalem,"  _La Petite
Illustration_ ([Paris] 1914) Unbound serial. General Collections
(136)

Myriam Harry.  _The Little Daughter of Jerusalem_ (New York, 1919)
Printed book. General Collections (137)

Athanasius Yeshue Samuel. _Treasure of Qumran_ (London, 1968).
Printed book. General Collections (141)

Solomon Schechter. _Documents of Jewish Sectaries_ (New York,
1970). Printed book. General Collections (142)

Iosif Davidovitch Amusin. _Rukopisi Mertvoga Morya_ (Moscow, 1960)
Printed book. General Collections (149)

Alvin W. Kremer to John G. L. Andreassen.  "Report on travel to
obtain the Hebrew Scrolls" (October 24, 1949) Memorandum.
Manuscript Division (155)

Alvin W. Kremer to John G. L. Andreassen.  "Travel to deliver the
Hebrew Scrolls to the Walters Gallery" (November 7, 1949)
Memorandum. Manuscript Division (156)

Joseph M. Baumgarten. "The Laws of the Damascus Document in Current
Research" _The Damascus Document Reconsidered_, edited by Magen
Broshi (Jerusalem, 1992) Printed book.  General Collections (157)

Eugen Verber. _Kumranski Rukopisi_ (Beograd, 1982) Printed book.
General Collections (173)

M. al-Abidi.  _Makhtutat al-Bahr al Mayyit_ (1967) Printed book.
Near East Section, African and Middle Eastern Division (174)

Ecclesiasticus. [Plantin's Polyglot] (Antwerp, 1569-1572) Printed
polyglot Bible, Rare Book and Special Collections Division (179)

_Shikai bunsho_ (Tokyo, 1963) Printed book. Japanese Section, Asian
Division (180)

Saleh A. Nahdi. _Nafiri maut dari lembah Qamran_ (Djakarta, 1964)
Printed book. Southern Asian Section, Asian Division (181)

"Library of Congress ... Oldest Known Bible Scrolls on Display" 
Newsreel, 16mm print. Motion Pictures, Broadcasting, and Recorded
Sound Division (183) 

Richard N. Ostling. "Is Jesus in the Dead Sea Scrolls?" _Time_
(September 21, 1992) Unbound serial. Hebraic Section, African and
Middle Eastern Division (187)

James D. Tabor. "A Pierced or Piercing Messiah?--The Verdict is
Still Out," _Biblical Archaeology Review_ 18 (November-December
1992) Unbound serial. Hebraic Section, African and Middle Eastern
Division (188)

Sebastian C. Adams. _A Chronological Chart of Ancient and Modern
Biblical History_. Third edition. (Cincinnati, 1898) Chromo-
lithograph, the first nine panels of twelve. Geography and Map
Division (191)

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

deadsea.scrolls.exhibit                        rev. 6/30/93 (kde)