2)  WHY WERE THE ENGLISH LATE IN JOINING THE EUROPEAN
     EXPANSION THAT BEGAN IN THE XVI CENTURY?  WHAT FACTORS
     EVENTUALLY STIMULATED ENGLISH EXPANSION?  HOW DID THEIR
     GOALS AND TECHNIQUES DIFFER FROM THOSE OF OTHER
     EUROPEAN NATIONS?  HOW WERE THEY SIMILAR?  
     
     
     
          There were many factors that contributed to
     England's being late to begin European expansion. 
     England for many years had been in civil unrest. 
     England had been long torn by dissension and civil war. 
     They had been at war with France for approximately 100
     years, and were economically depressed and greatly in
     debt.
          Until the reign of the Tudors, who were looked
     upon as saviors, did the economic progression begin. 
     King Henry the 7th finally became king and was
     interested in uniting the countries different factions. 
     England had been in a war with France over land (Norman
     Conquest), and England claimed part of France.  King
     Henry the 8th and his daughter Elizabeth I worked
     together to improve trade, industry and to keep the
     country united.  Under Henry the 8th, England had
      become a commercial enterprise based mainly upon raw
     
     
     
     
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      wool and woolen cloth.  This market eventually
     collapsed,which was an encouraging incentive for the
     country to look elsewhere for economic stability.  Mary
     Queen of Scotland had been organizing rebellions
     against Queen Elizabeth, with intent to over throw
     Queen Elizabeth, ultimately making Mary the Queen of
     England.  Queen Elizabeth eventually had Mary Queen of
     Scott beheaded.  With Elizabeth's rule, shipping
     flourished, industry flourished and Elizabeth began
     sending explorers to the New World.  She sent
     explorers, actually some were pirates, to the New World
     to find gold, riches and power,in particular more power
     than Spain.  Two of the most famous and successful
     explorers were Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Francis
     Drake.  The English ships were small and easily
     maneuverable in comparison with the Spanish ships.  A
     combination of the dexterous ships and the forces of
     nature (a great storm) the English conquered the
     Spanish Armada Fleet.  This was a turning point of the
     
     
     
     
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      Spanish and English fight for power.  This broke the
     power of Spain and enabled England to become the
     world's greatest sea power.
          There were many factors that stimulated the
     English expansion.  The fact that England was in dire
     need of economic opportunities push the expansion
     forward.  The Spanish were the most powerful power at
     the time and with the English's destruction the 
     Spanish Armada's Fleet, England became the number one
     power of the time.  England sailors (pirates) robbed
     many Spanish ships obtaining gold and riches.  The
     english rulers financially supported their English
     businessmen to expand and explore.  Also, the European
     Renaissance encouraged expansion, education, the arts
     and business, and was economically progressive. 
          The English's goals and techniques were different
     and similar in many ways.  When the English began
     colonizing the New World they established English laws
     and English culture.  This served to control the
     
     
     
     
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      colonists by establishing ,loosely, a form of
     government.  The English, in many instances, drew up
     these documents before allowing colonists to leave the
     ships. This structure kept the colonists working
     together to achieve ultimate goals.  The structure and
     backing from their mother country enabled the colonists
     to establish permanent settlements.  Other European
     nations were not as interested in colonizing the New
     World, as they were in gathering riches.  Therefore,
     other European nations did not establish permanent
     colonies.  They were similar in that they all wanted to
     become rich.