
               OFFICIAL [CiSSD] BAD-ASS BELLCORE GLOSSARY
                                 Lister

      The  following I  picked  up in  my  travels  on  the  Internet.  I
rarely  find a COMPREHENSIVE  glossary  like this  one.  Although  it  is
intended  for   Bellcore  employees,  it  has  obvious  uses  for  social
engineering; or just for reference.  All in all, it makes and interesting
read and I hope you benefit out of it..


          A & B LEADS
               Designation of leads derived from the midpoints of the two
               pairs comprising a 4-wire circuit.

          ABBREVIATED DIALING
               Preprogramming of a caller's phone system or long distance
               company's switch to recognize a 2- to 4-digit number as an
               abbreviation  for a  frequently dialed  phone number,  and
               automatically dial the whole number.
               Synonym:  Speed Dialing.

          ACCESS CHARGE
               Monies collected by local phone companies for use of their
               circuits to originate  and terminate long distance  calls.
               Can be per minute fees  levied on long distance companies,
               Subscriber Line  Charges (SLCs) levied directly on regular
               local lines, fixed monthly fees for special telco circuits
               (ie. WAL, DAL,T-1),  or Special Access Surcharge  (SAS) on
               special access circuits.

          ACCESS LINE
               A telephone circuit which connects a customer  location to
               a network switching center.

          AIRLINE MILEAGE
               Calculated    point-to-point   mileage   between  terminal
               facilities.

          ALL TRUNKS BUSY (ATB)
               A  single  tone  interrupted  at  a 120 ipm  (impulses per
               minute) rate to indicate all lines  or trunks in a routing
               group are busy.

          ALTERNATE ROUTE
               A   secondary   communications  path   used  to   reach  a
               destination if the primary path is unavailable.

          ALTERNATE USE
               The ability  to switch communications  facilities from one
               type to another, i.e., voice to data, etc.

          ALTERNATE VOICE DATA (AVD)
               A  single  transmission  facility  which can  be used  for
               either voice or data.

          ANALOG SIGNAL
               A signal  in the  form of  a continuous  varying  physical
               quantity, e.g., voltage which reflects variations in  some
               quantity, e.g., loudness in the human voice.

          ANNUNCIATOR
               An audible intercept  device that states  the condition or
               restrictions associated with circuits or procedures.

          ANSWER BACK
               An electrical  and/or visual indication  to the calling or
               sending  end that the  called  or received  station  is on
               the line.

          ANSWER SUPERVISION
               An electrical  signal fed back  up the  line by  the local
               telephone company  at the distant  end of a  long distance
               call to indicate positively  the call has been answered by
               the called party.  Tells billing equipment to start timing
               the call.

          AREA CODE
               A three digit number identifying  more than 150 geographic
               areas of the United States and Canada which permits direct
               distance  dialing on  the  telephone  system.   A  similar
               global   numbering   plan   has   been   established   for
               international subscriber dialing.

               Synonym:  Numbering Plan Area (NPA).

          ATTENDANT POSITION
               A telephone switchboard  operator's position.  It provides
               either  automatic  (cordless)  or  manual  (plug and jack)
               operator controls for incoming  and/or outgoing  telephone
               calls.

          ATTENTUATION
               A  general  term used  to denote  the  decrease  in  power
               between  that transmitted  and that  received due  to loss
               through equipment,  lines,  or other transmission devices.
               It is usually expressed as a ratio in dB (decibel).

          AUDIBLE RINGING TONE
               An audible  signal heard  by the calling  party during the
               ringing-interval.

          AUTHORIZATION CODE
               A 5- to 14-digit  number entered using  a touch-tone phone
               to identify the caller as a customer  of the long distance
               service.  Used primarily before  Equal Access as  a way to
               verify the caller as a customer and bill calls.

          AUTO ANSWER
               A machine feature that allows  a transmission control unit
               or  station to  automatically respond  to a  call that  it
               receives.

          AUTOMATIC CALL DISTRIBUTOR (ACD)
               A switching  system designed to queue  and/or distribute a
               large volume of incoming calls to a group of attendants to
               the next available "answering" position.

          AUTOMATIC DIALING UNIT
               A  device  which  is  programmed  with  frequently  called
               numbers.  The caller presses one  to three digits  and the
               preprogrammed  number  is  automatically  dialed  into the
               phone circuit.

          AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF OUTWARD DIALING (AIOD)
               The ability of some  centrex units to provide  an itemized
               breakdown  of charges  (including  individual  charges for
               toll calls) for calls made by each telephone extension.

          AUTOMATIC NUMBER IDENTIFICATION (ANI)
               On long  distance calls,  the  process by which  the local
               phone company passes a caller's local billing phone number
               to his/her  long distance company when a "1+"  or "10-XXX"
               call is made.   With ANI a  caller's long distance carrier
               knows who (what phone number)  to bill  without  requiring
               the caller to enter any extra digits to be identified.

          AUTOMATIC ROUTE SELECTION (ARS)

               Synonym:  Least Cost Routing

          BAND
               (1) The range of frequencies between two defined limits.

               (2) In  reference  to  WATS,  one  of  the  five  specific
               geographic areas as defined by the carrier.

               Synonym:  Bandwidth.

          BANDWIDTH
               see BAND.

          BASEBAND
               The  total  frequency band  occupied  by the  aggregate of
               all the voice  and data signals  used to modulate  a radio
               carrier.

          BAUD
               A unit of signaling speed. The speed in Baud is the number
               of discrete conditions or  signal elements per second.  If
               each signal event represents only one  bit condition, then
               Baud is the same as bits per second.  Baud does  not equal
               bits per second.

          BLOCKED CALLS
               Attempted  calls that  are not  connected because  (1) all
               lines  to  the central  offices  are  in  use; or  (2) all
               connecting paths through the PBX/switch are in use.

          BREAK
               A  means  of   interrupting  transmission,   a   momentary
               interruption of a circuit.

          BREAKEVEN POINT
               Level of usage at which the total cost of a service with a
               high  fixed  up-front  monthly  fee  but low minute  costs
               becomes  equal to the  total cost of  another service with
               low (or zero) monthly fee  but relatively high  per minute
               cost.  At usage  levels higher than breakeven, the service
               with the high monthly fee is cheaper.

          BROADBAND
               A transmission facility having a bandwidth of greater than
               20 kHz.

          BUS
               A  heavy  conductor,  or group  of  conductors,  to  which
               several  units of  the  same  type  of  equipment  may  be
               connected.

          BUSY
               The condition in which facilities  over which a call is to
               be transmitted are already in use.

          BUSY HOUR
               The time of day when phone lines are most in demand.

          BUSY TONE
               A single tone that is interrupted at 60 ipm  (impulses per
               minute) to indicate that  the terminal point of  a call is
               already in use.

          BYPASS
               The direct connection to customer-premises equipment by an
               IC.  This occurs  when an IC  connects its own  facilities
               (or facilities leased from a  non-BOC entity)  directly to
               an end user's  premises,  circumventing the use of the BOC
               network..

          CARRIER
               A  long  distance  company  which  uses primarily  its own
               transmission  facilities,  as opposed  to resellers  which
               lease  or buy  most or all  transmission  facilities  from
               carriers. Many people refer to any  type of  long distance
               company,  whether it  has its  own network or  not,  as  a
               carrier, so the term is  not as restrictive as  it used to
               be.

          CARRIER ACCESS CODE (CAC)
               The  sequence an  end user  dials to obtain  access to the
               switched services of  a carrier.  Carrier Access Codes for
               Feature Group D  are composed of  five digits, in the form
               10XXX, where XXX is the Carrier Identification Code.

          CARRIER COMMON LINE CHARGE (CCLC)
               A per  minute charge  paid by  long distance  companies to
               local phone companies for the use of local public switched
               networks  at either or  both ends of a long distance call.
               This charge  goes to  pay part of  the  cost of  telephone
               poles, wires, etc.

          CARRIER IDENTIFICATION CODE (CIC)
               The three-digit number that uniquely identifies a carrier.
               The Carrier Identification Code is indicated by XXX in the
               Carrier  Access  Code.   The  same  code   applies  to  an
               individual carrier throughout the area served by the North
               American Numbering Plan.

          CARRIER SYSTEM
               A  system for  providing  several communications  channels
               over a single path.

          CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO
               A  high  capacity land  mobile  radio system  in which  an
               assigned  frequency  spectrum  is  divided  into  discrete
               channels  that  are  assigned  to  a  cellular  geographic
               serving area.

          CENTRAL OFFICE (CO)
               With  local  telephone  companies,   the  nearby  building
               containing  the local  telco switch  which provides  local
               telephone  service.  Also the  physical point  where calls
               enter the long distance network.  Sometimes referred to as
               Class 5 office, end office, or Local Dial Office.

          CENTREX, CO
               PBX Service provided by a  switch located at the telephone
               company central office.

          CENTREX, CU
               A variation on Centrex CO provided  by a telephone company
               maintained  "Central  Office" type  switch located  at the
               customer's premises.

          CHANNEL
               A communications path via a carrier or microwave radio.

          CIRCUIT
               A path for the transmission  of electromagnetic signals to
               include all conditioning and signaling equipment.

               Synonym:  Facility.

          CIRCUIT SWITCHING
               A switching system that completes a dedicated transmission
               path from sender to receiver at the time of transmission.

          CISSD
               An elite group of hackers and phreakers with the skills to
               bring the h/p scene into the  21st century.  Unlike  other
               more conventional  groups,  CiSSD holds  revolutionary and
               new ideas  that bing a  fresh new perspective  the the h/p
               community.

               Synonym:  HeLL Inc.

          CLASS OF SERVICE/CLASS MARK (COS)
               A subgrouping of telephone customers or users for the sake
               of rate distinction or limitation of service.

          COAXIAL CABLE
               A cable with a solid outer shield, a space and then a
               solid inner conductor.  The electromagnetic wave travels
               between the outer shield and the conductor. It can carry a
               much higher band width than a wire pair.

          CODEC
               Coder-Decoder.  Used to convert  analog signals to digital
               form for transmission over a digital median and back again
               to the original analog form.

          COMMON CARRIER
               A government  regulated private company  that provides the
               general  public   with   telecommunications  services  and
               facilities.

          COMMON CHANNEL INTEROFFICE SIGNALING (CCIS)
               A  digital  technology  used  by  AT&T  to  enhance  their
               Integrated  Services Digital  Network.  It uses a separate
               data line to  route interoffice signals to  provide faster
               call set-up and more efficient use of trunks.

          COMMON CONTROL SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT (CCSA)
               The use of carrier  switches under a carrier's  control as
               part  of  a  customer's  private  network.  The  carrier's
               software controls  and switches the  customer's calls over
               private  lines the  customer has rented.  Control  of  the
               switch and  switching functions is done  in common for all
               users using the software and switching system.

          CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
               Equipment modifications or  adjustments necessary to match
               transmission  levels  and  impedances  and which  equalize
               transmission and  delay  to bring  circuit losses, levels,
               and distortion within established standards.

          CONFIGURATION
               The combination of long-distance services and/or equipment
               that make up a communications system.

          CONTROL UNIT (CU)
               The central processor of a telephone switching device.

          COST COMPONENT
               The price  of each  type of  long distance service  and/or
               equipment that constitutes a configuration.

          CROSS CONNECTION
               The wire connections running  between terminals on the two
               sides of a distribution frame, or between binding posts in
               a terminal.

          CROSS TALK
               The unwanted energy (speech or tone)  transferred from one
               circuit to another circuit.

          CUSTOMER ACCESS LINE CHARGE (CALC)
               The FCC-imposed monthly surcharge added to all local lines
               to  recover  a  portion of  the cost  of telephone  poles,
               wires, etc., from end users.  Before deregulation, a large
               part of these  costs were  financed by long distance users
               in the form of higher charges.

          CUSTOMER OWNED AND MAINTAINED (COAM)
               Customer provided communications  apparatus and associated
               wiring.

          CUSTOMER PREMISE EQUIPMENT (CPE)
               Telephone  equipment,  usually  including  wiring  located
               within the customer's part of a building.

          CUT
               To transfer a service from one facility to another.

          CUT THROUGH
               The establishment of a complete  path for signaling and/or
               audio communications.

          DATA SET
               A  device which  converts data  into signals  suitable for
               transmission over communications lines.

          DATA TERMINAL
               A station in a system capable of  sending and/or receiving
               data signals.

          DECIBEL (dB)
               A unit measurement represented as a ratio of two voltages,
               currents or  powers and  is used  to measure  transmission
               loss or gain.

          DEDICATED ACCESS LINE (DAL)
               An analog special  access line  going from a  caller's own
               equipment directly to a  long distance company's switch or
               POP.  Usually provided by a local  telephone company.  The
               line may go through the  local telco Central  Office,  but
               the local telco does not switch calls on this line.

          DELAY DIAL
               A dialing configuration whereby  local dial equipment will
               wait until it  receives the entire telephone number before
               seizing a circuit to transmit the call.

          DELTA MODULATION (DM)
               A  variant  of  pulse   code  modulation  whereby  a  code
               representing  the  difference between  the amplitude  of a
               sample  and the  amplitude of  the previous  one is  sent.
               Operates  well in  the presence of  noise,  but requires a
               wide frequency band.

          DEMODULATION
               The process of retrieving data from a modulated signal.

          DIAL LEVEL
               The  selection of  stations or services  associated with a
               PBX using a one  to four digit code  (e.g., dialing  9 for
               access to outside dial tone).

          DIAL PULSING
               The   transmitting   of   telephone  address   signals  by
               momentarily  opening  a  DC  circuit  a  number  of  times
               corresponding to the decimal digit which is dialed.

          DIAL REPEATING TIE LINE/DIAL REPEATING TIE TRUNK
               A tie line arrangement which permits direct trunk to trunk
               connections without use of the attendant.

          DIAL SELECTIVE SIGNALING
               A multipoint network in which the called party is selected
               by a prearranged dialing code.

          DIAL TONE
               A tone  indicating that  automatic switching  equipment is
               ready to receive dial signals.

          DIALING PLAN
               A description of the dialing arrangements for customer use
               on a network.

          DIRECT DISTANCE DIALING (DDD)
               A basic toll service that permits  customers to dial their
               own long distance call without the aid of an operator.

          DIRECT INWARD DIALING (DID)
               A PBX or  CENTREX feature that  allows a customer  outside
               the system to directly dial a station within the system.

          DIRECT OUTWARD DIALING
               A PBX or  CENTREX feature  that allows  a station  user to
               gain direct access to an exchange network.

          DROP
               The portion of outside telephone  plant which extends from
               the  telephone  distribution  cable  to  the  subscriber's
               premises.

          DRY CIRCUIT
               A circuit  which transmits  voice signals  and carries  no
               direct current.

          DUAL TONE MULTI-FREQUENCY (DTMF)
               Also known as Touch-Tone.  A type of signaling which emits
               two distinct frequencies for each indicated digit.

          DUPLEX
               Simultaneous two-way independent transmission.

          DUPLEX SIGNALING
               A long-range  bidirectional  signaling method  using paths
               derived from transmission  cable pairs.  It  is based on a
               balanced and symmetrical circuit that is identical at both
               ends.  This circuit  presents  an E&M  lead  interface  to
               connecting circuits.

          ECHO
               A  signal that  has been  reflected or  otherwise returned
               with sufficient magnitude and delay to be perceived by the
               speaker.

          ECHO RETURN LOSS (ERL)
               The loss which must be in the  echo path to reduce echo to
               a tolerable amount.

          ECHO SUPPRESSOR
               A  device  which  detects  speech  signals transmitted  in
               either direction  on a four-wire  circuit,  and introduces
               loss in the direction of transmission.

          EITHER END HOP OFF (EEHO)
               In private networks,  a switch program that  allows a call
               destined for  an off-net  location to  be placed  into the
               public  network  at  either  the  closest  switch  to  the
               origination or to the destination.  The  choice is usually
               by time of day.  Uses either  Head End Hop Off or Tail End
               Hop Off.

          ELECTRONIC KEY TELEPHONE SETS (EKTS)
               A  generic term  indicating key  telephones with  built-in
               microprocessors which allow access to PBX-like features as
               well as access  to multiple CO  lines, using  2 to  4 pair
               wiring.

          ELECTRONIC SWITCH
               Modern   programmable  switch   (often  denoted  ESS,  for
               Electronic Switching System)  used in  most BOC  telephone
               companies,  many independent  telephone companies,  and by
               virtually  all  new  long distance  companies.  Completely
               solid    state   electronics,    as   opposed   to   older
               electro-mechanical switches.

          ELECTRONIC SWITCHING SYSTEM (ESS)
               Used as a station instrument on a PBX.  Also a Bell System
               term for electronic exchange switching equipment.

          ELECTRONIC TANDEM NETWORK (ETN)
               (1)  A  private  network automatically  and electronically
               connecting the calling office to the called office through
               Tandem-Tie Trunks.   The network switches also function as
               PBXs. (2) An AT&T product name. (3) Used as a generic term
               for a PBX base network.

          ENHANCED PRIVATE SWITCHED COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE (EPSCS)
               A  private  network  utilizing   Bell  provided  equipment
               located in the central office and  dedicated to a specific
               customer.

          E&M LEADS
               A  pair  of  leads   which  carry  signals  between  trunk
               equipment and  separate signaling equipment  unit.  The  M
               lead transmits  battery or ground signals to the signaling
               equipment, and the E lead receives  open or ground signals
               from the signaling equipment.

          E&M SIGNALING
               An arrangement  whereby signaling between  a trunk circuit
               and an  associated signaling  unit is  effected  over  two
               leads providing full-time, 2-way, 2-level supervision.

          ENTERPRISE NUMBER
               A unique telephone exchange number that permits the called
               party to be automatically billed for incoming calls.

          EQUAL ACCESS
               Reprogramming of Local Exchange  Company (LEC) switches to
               allow other long distance companies besides AT&T to be the
               "1+"  primary  long  distance  company  for users  of long
               distance (by creating a  new type of Feature  Group access
               circuit,  FGD).  Also   provides  "10-XXX"   dialing   for
               secondary  and  casual  calling,  generates  true hardware
               Answer  Supervision  when  calls are  terminated over  FGD
               circuits,    and    provides    ANI    (Automatic   Number
               Identification) on originating calls.

          EQUALIZATION
               The procedure of  compensating for  fluctuation in circuit
               amplitude, delay, or distortion.

          ERLANG
               A unit of traffic intensity.  One Erlang  is the intensity
               at which one traffic path would be  continuously occupied,
               e.g. one call per hour.

          ERLANG B TABLE
               A widely used  table derived  from a  mathematical formula
               which allows the determination of the traffic capacity of
               a given group of circuits.

          EXCHANGE
               A telephone switching center.

          EXCHANGE NETWORK FACILITIES FOR INTERSTATE ACCESS (ENFIA)
               AT&T's pricing arrangement for local loops offered to OCCs
               for connecting the  OCC's network  to the  local telephone
               company's central office.

          EXTENDED AREA SERVICE (EAS)
               Adding expanded  local calling  areas to a  caller's basic
               local  calling area  for a  (generally)  small  additional
               monthly  fee.   The  EAS  local calls  can be  either free
               (after  a small  additional  monthly fee is paid)  or at a
               cost of reduced per call charges.

          FACILITIES
               Typically  refers to  transmission lines  or circuits,  or
               long  distance  services.  A  caller's facilities  are the
               circuits available to make calls.

          FACSIMILE
               The transmission of pictures,  maps or other documents via
               communications  circuits using  a device  which scans  the
               original document, transforms the image into coded signals
               and reproduces the original document at a distant point.

          FEATURE GROUP A
               Line-side  originating  and  terminating  LATA access  for
               which  an   originating  subscriber   dials  an   assigned
               telephone number that connects  to a specific  IC.  The IC
               returns  a tone  to signal the  caller to input additional
               tone-generated digits of the called number.

          FEATURE GROUP B
               Trunk-side  originating and  terminating  LATA  access for
               which an  originating subscriber  dials a  950-WXXX number
               (where W=0,1 and XXX is the Carrier Access Code), which is
               translated  to  a  specified  XXX  carrier  trunk   group.
               Optional rotary dial service and ANI may be available.

          FEATURE GROUP C
               Trunk-side LATA access  for AT&T,  generally,  on a direct
               basis between each EO and an AT&T switching system.

          FEATURE GROUP D
               Also referred  to as  "Equal Access,"  Feature Group  D is
               trunk-side  LATA access  affording call  supervision to an
               IC, a uniform access code (10XXX),  optional calling-party
               identification,   recording   of   access-charge   billing
               details, and presubscription to a customer-specified IC.

          FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC)
               The government  agency established  by the  Communications
               Act of 1934 which regulates  the interstate communications
               industry.

          FIBER OPTICS
               High speed  transmission using  light to  send images  (in
               telecommunications:   voice  or data)  through  a flexible
               bundle of glass fibers.

          FOUR WIRE CIRCUITS
               Circuits which use two separate one-way transmission paths
               of two wires each, as opposed to regular local lines which
               usually only have two wires to carry conversations in both
               directions.  One set of wires  carries conversation in one
               direction, the other in the opposite direction.

          FREQUENCY
               The number of complete cycles per unit of time.

          FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (FDM)
               The division  of an available  frequency range (bandwidth)
               into various subdivisions, each having enough bandwidth to
               carry one voice or data channel.

          FREQUENCY RESPONSE
               The reaction of frequencies to the circuit components.

          FULL DUPLEX
               A circuit which allows  transmission of a message  in both
               directions at the same time.

               Synonym:  4-wire.

          FULL PERIOD
               Relates to private line service,  which is  rented for the
               exclusive use of a single customer for an entire month.

          FX (FOREIGN EXCHANGE) SERVICE
               A service  which allows a  customer  to appear  to  have a
               local presence in a distant part  of town or,  a different
               town altogether, by connecting his/her phone directly to a
               local business line  in a part  of town  with a  different
               exchange than  his/her  local calling area  over a  leased
               private  line,  or  to  a  local telco  in a  distant town
               through  long  haul private  lines purchased  from a  long
               distance carrier.

          GRADE OF SERVICE
               The probability of a  call being blocked  by busy  trunks,
               expressed as a  decimal fraction,  and usually meaning the
               busy-hour probability.

          GROUP
               12 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.

          HALF DUPLEX
               A circuit  for  transmitting or  receiving signals  in one
               direction at a time.

          HARDWIRE
               To wire or cable directly between units of equipment.

          HARMONIC
               The full multiple of a base frequency.

          HARMONIC DISTORTION
               The ratio,  expressed in  decibels,  of  the power  at the
               fundamental frequency,  to the power of a harmonic of that
               fundamental.

          HEAD END HOP OFF (HEHO)
               A  method  of   traffic  engineering   whereby  calls  are
               completed by using  long distance  facilities directly off
               the switch that serves that location.

          HERTZ (Hz)
               International standard unit of frequency. Replaces, and is
               identical to, the order unit "Cycles-per-second."

          HOMING
               Returning  to  the  starting  position,  as  in  a  rotary
               stepping switch.

          HOOKSWITCH
               The device  on which  the telephone  receiver hangs  or on
               which a telephone handset hangs or  rests when not in use.
               The weight of  the receiver  or handset  operates a switch
               which opens the telephone circuit,  leaving only  the bell
               connected to the line.

          HOT-CUT
               Virtually  instantaneous  replacement  of  one  line  with
               another.

          HYBRID
               An electronic circuit which performs the  wire conversions
               necessary for the connection of a  local loop with a long-
               haul facility.

          INTERCEPT
               To stop a telephone call directed to an improper telephone
               number,  and  redirect  that  call  to  an  operator or  a
               recording.

          INTERCONNECT
               (1)   The  arrangement  that  permits  the  connection  of
               customer's    telecommunications     equipment    to     a
               communications common carrier network.  (2)  The  industry
               name for manufacturers, excluding the Bell  system,  which
               provide telephone equipment for the customer premises.

          INTER-EXCHANGE MILEAGE (IXC)
               The airline mileage between two cities.

               Synonym:  Long Haul Mileage.

          INTEREXCHANGE PLANT
               The facilities between the subscriber switching center and
               another switching center.

          INTERFACE
               The  junction or  point  of  interconnection  between  two
               systems or equipment having different characteristics.

          INTERFERENCE
               Any  unwanted  noise  or  crosstalk  on  a  communications
               circuit which acts  to reduce  the intelligibility  of the
               desired signal or speech.

          INTER-MACHINE TRUNK (IMT)
               A circuit which connects two automatic switching centers.

          INTER-OFFICE TRUNK (IOT)
               A direct trunk between local exchange offices.

          INTERNATIONAL RECORD CARRIER (IRC)
               Carriers   providing    international   telecommunications
               services, including voice, telex, and data communications.

          INTERSTATE
               Any connection made between two states.

          INTRASTATE
               Any connection made that remains within the boundaries of
               a single state.

          JITTER
               Short term instability of the  amplitude and/or phase of a
               signal. Commonly called PHASE JITTER.

          KEYSET
               A telephone instrument having an appearance of two or more
               telephone  lines  which can  be accessed  by depressing  a
               button (key) on the face of the set.

          KEY SYSTEM
               The equipment utilized to provide  the features associated
               with key sets,  including  keysets,  multipair cable,  key
               service unit, distribution frames.

          LEASED LINES
               Any circuit or combination of circuits designated to be at
               the exclusive disposal of a given subscriber.

               Synonym:  Private line; Full Period Line.

          LEAST COST ROUTING (LCR)
               A method  of  automatically  selecting  the  least  costly
               facility for transmission of a call.

               Synonym:    Most   Economical   Route   Selection  (MERS);
               Automatic Route Selection; Flexible Route Selection.

          LEVEL
               An expression of the  relative signal strength at  a point
               in a communications circuit compared to a standard.

          LOADING
               A system for adding regularly spaced inductance units to a
               circuit to improve its transmission characteristics.

          LOCAL ACCESS AND TRANSPORT AREA (LATA)
               A geographic area (called "exchange" or "exchange area" in
               the MFJ) within each  BOC's franchised area that  has been
               established by a BOC in accordance  with the provisions of
               the MFJ for the  purpose of defining  the territory within
               which a BOC may offer its telecommunications services.

          LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
               Intraoffice  communication system usually  used to provide
               data transmission in addition to voice transmission.

          LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIER (LEC)
               A  local  telephone  company,   either  one  of  the  Bell
               Operating Companies or one of the 1400+ independent  local
               telephone companies.

          LOCAL LOOP
               The local connection between the  end user and the Class 5
               central office.

          LONG HAUL
               Circuits spanning considerable distances.

          LOOP BACK
               A method of performing transmission tests on a circuit not
               requiring the assistance of personnel at the distant end.

          LOOP SIGNALING
               Any of the three signaling methods  which use the metallic
               loop formed  by the trunk  conductors and the  terminating
               equipment bridges.

          MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME (MDF)
               The  point where outside  plant cables terminate  and from
               which they  cross connect  to terminal  or central  office
               line equipment.

          MAIN PBX
               A PBX directly connected to a  tandem switch via an access
               trunk group.

          MANUAL TIE LINE
               A tie line which  requires the assistance  of an attendant
               at both ends of the circuit in order to complete a call.

          MASTER GROUP (MG)
               240 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.

          MESSAGE TELEPHONE SERVICE (MTS)
               AT&T's tariffed pricing  name for long  distance telephone
               calls.

          MESSAGE UNIT (MU)
               A local toll rate calling plan  which is time and distance
               sensitive.

          MICROWAVE (M/W)
               Radio transmission using very short lengths, corresponding
               to a frequency of 1,000 megahertz or greater.

               Synonym:  Microwave Radio.

          MICROWAVE RADIO

               Synonym:  Microwave.

          MODEM
               A  device  which modulates  and demodulates  signals on  a
               carrier  frequency  and  allows the  interface of  digital
               terminals with analog carrier systems.

          MODIFIED FINAL JUDGEMENT (MFJ)
               The agreement between the  U.S. Department of  Justice and
               AT&T  governing the  breakup of the  pre-Divestiture  Bell
               System into AT&T and 22 Bell Operating Companies and other
               entities.   On August 26, 1982, U.S.  District Court Judge
               Harold   Greene   accepted,    with    modifications,   an
               AT&T/Justice   Department   settlement   terminating   the
               government's  1974  antitrust  suit  against  AT&T.  Judge
               Greene's decree did away with  the provisions of the  1956
               consent decree  that  had  kept  AT&T  out of competitive,
               unregulated ventures.

          MODULATION
               Alterations  in  the  characteristics  of  carrier  waves.
               Usually impressed on the amplitude and/or the frequency.

          MONITORING DEVICE
               Records data on calls placed through a company's telephone
               system:  number called, length of calls, calling location.

          MOST ECONOMICAL ROUTE SELECTION (MERS)

               Synonym:  Least Cost Routing.

          MULTIPLEXING
               The act  of  combining  a  number  of  individual  message
               circuits for transmission over a common path.  Two methods
               are used: (1) frequency division, and (2) time division.

          NETWORK
               A collection  of  switches  connected to  one  another  by
               transmission facilities.

          NETWORK NUMBERING EXCHANGE (NXX)
               The  three digit  location code  representing the  central
               office.  "N" may be any number between "2" and "9" and "X"
               may be any number.

          NETWORK TRUNKS
               Circuits connecting switching centers.

          NNX CODES
               The 3-digit  code  used  historically  for local  Exchange
               Codes. "N" can be any number from 0 to 2,  "X"  can be any
               digit.   The   current  numbering  plan  allows  for  more
               variation  in  assigning  Exchange  Codes,  and  under  it
               Exchange Codes are commonly referred to as "NXXs."

          NODE
               A major switching center of a network.

          NON-BLOCKING
               A switching network  having a  sufficient number  of paths
               such that a subscriber originating a call can always reach
               any other idle subscriber without encountering a busy.

          NUMBERING PLAN AREA (NPA)
               A  geographical  division within  which no  two telephones
               will  have the  same  7 digit  number.   "N" is any number
               between "2" and "9"; "P" is always "1" or "0";  and "A" is
               any number excluding "0".   Commonly referred to as  "area
               code."

          NXX CODES
               The  current  general  configuration  for  Exchange  Codes
               within each Area Code.  See also:  "NNX Codes"

          OFFERED TRAFFIC
               The number  of call attempts  in any  specified period  of
               time.

          OFF HOOK
               The  condition which  results when  a telephone is  lifted
               from its mounting, allowing the hookswitch to operate.

          OFF-NETWORK ACCESS LINE (ONAL)
               A local exchange (Feature Group access), Foreign Exchange,
               or WATS line connecting both incoming and outgoing traffic
               from  a  long  distance  company's network  to the  public
               switched  network.  Generally a circuit  leased by  a long
               distance carrier to be used  by many customers not  hooked
               directly into the long distance carrier's network.

          OFF NETWORK CALLING
               Telephone  calls through  a private  switching system  and
               transmission network which  extend to the public telephone
               system.

          OFF PREMISES EXTENSION (OPX)
               An extension  telephone or  keyset that is  geographically
               separated from its associated PBX.

          ON HOOK
               The  condition which results  when a telephone  handset is
               placed on  its mounting,  which causes the  hook-switch to
               open its contacts.

          ON NETWORK CALLING
               A term  used  to  describe  a  call  that  originates  and
               terminates on a private network.

          OPERATOR ASSISTED CALLS
               Non-DDD calls requiring manual intervention.

          ORIGINATING OFFICE
               The central office that serves the calling party.

          OTHER COMMON CARRIER (OCC)
               A long distance company other than AT&T having many of its
               own long distance circuits,  either owned or leased.  Some
               people  use  OCC  to  refer  to  all  AT&T  long  distance
               competitors,  including   resellers,   but   this  is  not
               technically correct.

          OUT-OF-BAND
               Any frequency outside the band used for voice frequencies.

          OUT-OF-BAND SIGNALING
               Use of narrow band filters to  place the voice signal on a
               carrier  channel below  3,400 CPS,  reserving the  3,400 -
               3,700 CPS band for supervisory signals.

          OVERBUILD
               Adding radio capacity to a telecommunications network.

          OVERFLOW
               Switching equipment  which operates when the  traffic load
               exceeds the capacity of the regular equipment.

          PAD
               A  non-adjustable   resistance  network  used   to  insert
               transmission loss into a circuit.

          PHASE JITTER
               SEE Jitter

          POINT OF PRESENCE (POP)
               A  physical  location   within  a  LATA  at  which  an  IC
               establishes  itself for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  LATA
               access and to which the BOC provides access services.

          POINT-TO-POINT
               A  communications circuit  between two  terminations which
               does not connect with a public telephone system.

          PORT
               Entrance or access point to a computer, multiplexor device
               or network  where signals  may be  supplied,  extracted or
               observed.

          POSTAL TELEPHONE AND TELEPGRAPH (PTT)
               Foreign  government  agencies  responsible for  regulating
               communications.

          PRIMARY AREA
               A customer's local telphone calling area.

          PRIMARY INTEREXCHANGE CARRIER (PIC)
               The IC  designated  by a  customer to  provide  inter-LATA
               service  automatically without  requiring the  customer to
               dial an access code for that carrier.

          PRIMARY ROUTING POINT
               The switch designated as the  control point for a longhaul
               telephone call.

          PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE (PBX)
               A private phone system  (switch) used by  medium and large
               companies  which  is  connected  to  the public  telephone
               network (local telco) and performs  a variety of  in-house
               routing  and switching.   User  usually  dial  "9" to  get
               outside system to the local lines.

          PRIVATE LINE (PL)
               A full-time  leased line  directly connecting  two points,
               used soley by  purchaser.  The most common  form is  a tie
               line connecting two pieces of a user's own phone equipment
               - flat rate billing, not usage sensitive.

          PRIVATE USE NETWORK
               Two or  more private  line  channels contracted  for by  a
               customer and restricted for use by that customer only.

          PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORK (PSN)
               The pre-Divestiture nationwide  network maintained by AT&T
               and  the  independent  telephone companies  which provides
               nationwide, unrestricted telephone service.

          PUBLIC UTILITY COMMISION (PUC)/PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (PSC)
               The    state    commissions     regulating      intrastate
               communications.

          PULSE CODE MODULATION (PCM)
               The form of modulation  in which  the information  signals
               are sampled at regular intervals and a series of pulses in
               coded form are  transmitted representing the  amplitude of
               the information signal at that time.

          PULSE-LINK REPEATER
               Connects one E&M signaling circuit directly to another.

          PULSE MODULATION
               The modulation  of a  series  of pulses  which  represents
               information - bearing  signals.  Typical  methods  involve
               modifying the amplitude (PAM), width or duration (PWM)  or
               position (PPM).  Pulse Code Modulation  (PCM) is  the most
               common modulation technique involved in telephone work.

          PUSH BUTTON DIALING
               Synonym:  Dual Tone Multi-Frequency.

          QUEUE
               A  temporary delay  in  providing  service caused  by  the
               inability of the system  provided to handle the  number of
               messages or calls attempted.

          RADIO COMMON CARRIER (RCC)
               A communications common carrier that provides radio paging
               and mobile telephone services to the public.

          RATE CENTER
               A specified  geographic  location  used  by  the telephone
               company   to   determine   interchange  mileage  for  rate
               determination purposes.

          REDUNDANCY
               Duplicate  equipment  that  is  provided to  minimize  the
               effect of failures or equipment breakdowns.

          REGENERATION
               The process of receiving distorted  signal pulses and from
               them recreating new pulses at the correct repetition rate,
               pulse amplitude, and pulse width.

          RE-HOMING
               A major  network  change  which involves  moving  customer
               services  from  one   switching   center  to  another  and
               establishing the necessary trunking facilities to do so.

          REMOTE ACCESS
               The ability  of transmission  points to gain  access to  a
               computer which is at a different location.

          REPEATER
               An electronic  device used  to amplify signals  which have
               become too weak.

          REPEATING COIL
               The  telephone  industry's  term   for a  voice-frequency
               transformer.

          RESELLER
               A long distance company that purchases  large  amounts  of
               transmission  capacity or  calls from  other  carriers and
               resells it to smaller users.

          RESTORATION
               The re-establishment of service by rerouting, substitution
               of component parts, or as otherwise determined.

          RETARD COIL
               A coil having  a large  inductance  which  retards  sudden
               changes of the current flowing through its winding.

          RINGBACK TONE
               Synonym:  Audible Ringing Tone.

          RINGDOWN
               A circuit or method of signaling where the incoming signal
               is actuated by alternating current over the circuit.

          ROUTE DIVERSITY
               Two (or more)  private line channels  (circuits) furnished
               partially or entirely over two physically separate routes.
               Serves to prevent total  loss of service if one cable gets
               cut or goes out.

          ROUTE OPTIMIZATION
               Synonym:  Least Cost Routing.

          ROTARY HUNT
               An arrangement  which allows calls  placed to seek  out an
               idle circuit in a prearranged multi-circuit group and find
               the next open line to establish a through circuit.

          SATELLITE RELAY
               An active  or passive  repeater  in  geosynchronous  orbit
               around  the Earth which  amplifies the signal  it receives
               before transmitting it back to earth.

          SELECTIVE CALLING
               The ability of a  transmitting station to  specify by  the
               use of  assigned codes  which of  several stations  is  to
               receive a message.

          SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT RECORD
               A list of equipment billed to customer by type,  quantity,
               monthly charge, location and billing dates.

          SF SIGNALING (SINGLE-FREQUENCY)
               A signaling system which uses a 2,600 Hz in-band signal on
               the voice  path.  The tone  is on  in the idle  condition,
               pulsed for dialing, and off when the circuit is in use.

          SHORT HAUL
               Circuits designed for use over distances of 10-200 miles.

          SIGNALING
               The process of  transferring information between two parts
               of a telephone network  to control  the  establishment  of
               communications  between  long  distance  carrier  terminal
               points,  and customer  equipment required for  voice grade
               dedicated circuits.

          SIGNALING CONVERTER
               A device with  input and  output signals  that contain the
               same information  but employ different  electrical systems
               for transmitting that information.  Used  at  the terminal
               of a trunk to convert  the equipment signals to the system
               used on  the trunk.  Examples  are:  (1) ring down  to SF,
               (2) E&M to SF.

          SIGNALING, IN-BAND
               A type of signaling using an  AC signal (usually 2,600 Hz)
               within   the  normal   voice  band.  This  signal  can  be
               transmitted  from  end  to  end  of  a long  voice circuit
               without an  intermediate signaling  equipment.  Since  the
               signaling  is  audible,  the signaling  equipment  must be
               arranged for "tone on when idle" operation.

          SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
               Ratio  of the  signal  power  to  the  noise  power  in  a
               specified bandwidth, usually expressed in db.

          SIMPLEX (SX) SIGNALING
               A signaling path over a dry talking circuit which uses the
               two   sides  of  the  circuit   in  parallel,  derived  by
               connecting the midpoints of repeating coils or retardation
               coils which are across the circuit.

          SINGLE SIDEBAND RADIO (SSB)
               A form of amplitude modulation of  a radio signal in which
               only one of the  two sidebands is transmitted.  Either  of
               the two sidebands may be transmitted,  and the carrier may
               be transmitted, reduced or suppressed.

          SINGING
               A continued whistle  or howl  in  an  amplified  telephone
               circuit.   It occurs when  the sum  of the  repeater gains
               exceeds the sum of the circuit losses.

          SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK (SDN)
               A switched long distance service for very large users with
               multiple locations.  Instead of putting together their own
               network, large users can get special usage rates for calls
               made  on  regular  long  distance  company  switched  long
               distance services.

               Synonym:  Virtual Private Network.

          SPECIAL GRADE NETWORK TRUNK
               A trunk specially  conditioned by  providing amplitude and
               delay  equilization  for the  purpose of  handling special
               services such as medium-speed data (600 to 2400 BPS).

          SPECIALIZED COMMON CARRIER (SCC)
               Synonym:  Other Common Carrier.

          SPEED NUMBER
               A one, three,  or four digit number that  replaces a seven
               or  ten  digit  telephone   number.  These   numbers   are
               programmed into the switch in the carrier's office or in a
               PBX.

          STATION
               Any customer location  on a network capable  of sending or
               receiving messages or calls.

          STATION MESSAGE DETAIL RECORDING (SMDR)
               A computer  generated report  showing internal usage  on a
               telephone  system.   Usually  including extension  number,
               trunk number used,  phone  number dialed,  time  of  call,
               duration and operator involvement.

          STORE-AND-FORWARD
               A  technique in  which a  message  is  received  from  the
               originator  and held  in storage  until a  circuit to  the
               addressee becomes available.

          STORED PROGRAM CONTROL (SPC)
               A system whereby the instructions are placed in the memory
               of  a  commoncontrolled  switching  unit and  to  which it
               refers while processing a call  for instructions regarding
               class marks,  code conversions,  routing,  as well  as for
               trouble analysis.

          SUPERGROUP (SG)
               60 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.

          SUPERMASTERGROUP (SMG)
               600 circuits processed as a unit in a carrier system.

          SUPERVISION
               Synonym:  Answer Supervision.

          SUPERVISORY SIGNALS
               A signal, such as "on-hook" or "off-hook," which indicates
               whether a circuit or line is in use.

          SWITCH
               Equipment used to interconnect lines and trunks.

          SWITCHED ACCESS
               Connection  between  caller's phone system  and switch  of
               chosen long distance carrier  when a regular long distance
               call  using   regular  local  lines  is  made.   Also  the
               connection  between the switch  of caller's  long distance
               carrier in the distant city and the phone being called.

          SWITCH HOOK
               Synonym:  Hookswitch.

          SWITCHING
               The  operations involved  in  interconnecting circuits  in
               order to establish communications.

          SWITCHING CENTER
               A location  at  which telephone  traffic,  either local or
               toll, is switched or connected from one circuit or line to
               another.

          SWITCHING OFFICE
               A telephone company office which contains a switch.

          T-1
               24 voice channels digitized at 64,000 bps, combined into a
               single 1.544 Mbps  digital stream  (8,000 bps  signaling),
               and carried  over  two pairs  of regular copper  telephone
               wires. Used primarily by telephone  companies until  1983.
               Now  used  for dedicated  local  access to  long  distance
               facilities, long-haul private lines, and for regular local
               service.  Today,  most  any  1.544 Mbps digital  stream is
               called  T-1,   regardless   of  its  makeup  or  what  the
               transmission medium is.

          T-CARRIER
               A time-division, pulse-code modulation, voice carrier used
               on exchange cable to provide short-haul trunks.

          TAIL END HOP OFF (TEHO)
               In a private network,  a call  which is carried  over flat
               rate  facilities  (Intermachine  Trunks  or  IMT)  to  the
               closest switch  node to the destination of  the call,  and
               then connected into the public network as a local call.

          TANDEM
               A switching  arrangement  in  which  the  trunk  from  the
               calling  office  is  connected  to  a trunk  to the called
               office through an intermediate point.

          TANDEM SWITCHING SYSTEM
               Synonym:  Tandem Tie Trunk Network.

          TANDEM TIE TRUNK NETWORK (TTTN)
               A serving arrangement which permits sequential  connection
               of tie trunks between  PBX/CENTREX locations  by utilizing
               tandem operation.

          TANDEM TRUNKING
               Trunks which connect two or more switches together.

          TARIFF
               The  published   rates,   regulations,   and  descriptions
               governing the provisions of communications service.

          TELCO
               Local telephone company.

          TELECOMMUNICATIONS
               The transmission of voice and/or  data through a medium by
               means of electrical impulses  and includes all aspects  of
               transmitting information.

          TELEGRAPH
               A system employing the interruption of, or change in,  the
               polarity  of   DC   current  signaling   to  convey  coded
               information.

          TELEPHONE
               A  device which  converts acoustical  (sound) energy  into
               electrical energy for transmission to a distant point.

          TELETYPEWRITER
               A machine used to  transmit and/or  receive communications
               on printed page and/or tape.

          TERMINAL
               A  point  at  which  information  can  enter  or  leave  a
               communications network.

          TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
               Devices, apparatus and their associated interfaces used to
               forward   information  to  a  local  customer  or  distant
               terminal.

          TERMINATION
               (1) An item that is connected to the terminal of a circuit
               or equipment.  (2) An impedance connected  to the end of a
               circuit being tested. (3)The points on a switching network
               to which a trunk or line may be attached.

          TIE-LINE
               A private leased line linking  two phones or phone systems
               directly.   Can  ring  distant  phone  automatically  when
               telephone  is lifted from  its mounting,  or when  a short
               code is dialed.

          TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM)
               Equipment  which enables the  transmitting of a  number of
               signals over  a single  common path  by transmitting  them
               sequentially at different instants of time.

          TOLL CALL
               Any call to a point outside the local service area.

          TOLL CENTER
               A central office where operators (human or mechanical) are
               present to assist in completing incoming toll calls.

          TOLL OFFICE
               A center for the switching of toll calls.

          TOLL PLANT
               The facilities  that connect  toll offices  throughout the
               country.

          TOLL RESTRICTION
               A restriction  in outgoing  trunks which  counts the first
               three digits dialed and diverts  calls to forbidden  codes
               either to a busy tone,  to the operator,  or to a recorded
               announcement.

          TOUCH-TONE ADAPTOR
               A device that can be connected to  a rotary dial telephone
               to allow for DTMF signaling.

          TRAFFIC
               Calls  being  sent  and  received  over  a  communications
               network.

          TRAFFIC MEASUREMENT AND RECORDING SYSTEMS (TMRS)
               A computer generated  report showing usage  information of
               telephone    systems.    Usually   this   includes   trunk
               utilization,  outages,  queueing time,  and  the need  for
               additional common equipment.

          TRAFFIC SERVICE POSITION SYSTEM (TSPS)
               A toll  switchboard position configured  as a push  button
               console.

          TRANSMISSION
               The electrical transfer of a signal, message or other form
               of data from one location to  another without unacceptable
               loss  of   information   content   due   to   attenuation,
               distortion, or noise.

          TRANSMISSION LEVEL
               The level of power of a signal,  normally 1,000 Hz,  which
               should be measured at a particular reference point.

          TRANSMISSION SPEED
               Number of pulses or bits transmitted in  a given period of
               time, usually expressed  as Bits Per Second (BPS) or Words
               Per Minute (WPM).

          TRUNK
               A telephone circuit or path between two switches, at least
               one of which is usually a telephone company Central Office
               or switching center.  Regular local CO circuits are called
               PBX trunks, because there is a switch  at both ends of the
               circuit.

          TRUNK GROUP
               An  arrangement   of   communications   channels  into  an
               identical group.

          TRUNK TYPE (TT)
               Trunks that use  the same type  of equipment going to  the
               same terminating location.

          TRUNK UTILIZATION REPORT (TUR)
               A computer printout detailing the traffic use of a trunk.

          TWO-WIRE CIRCUIT
               (1) A channel for transmitting data  in one direction at a
               time.   (2)  A  short  distance  channel  using  a  single
               send/receive pathway, usually 2 copper wires, connecting a
               telephone to a switch.

          TELETYPEWRITER EXCHANGE SERVICE (TWX)
               A  service whereby a  customer's leased teletypewriter  is
               connected to a "TWX" switchboard  and from there connected
               over regular toll circuits to a teletypewriter of any U.S.
               customer who subscribes to a similar service.

          UNIFORM CALL DISTRIBUTOR (UCD)
               A  device located  at the  telephone office or  in a  PABX
               which distributes incoming calls evenly among individuals.

          UNIFORM SERVICE ORDER CODE (USOC)
               The information in coded form  for billing purposes by the
               local  telephone  company  pertaining  to  information  on
               service orders and service equipment records.

          VALUE-ADDED NETWORK SERVICE (VANS)
               A  data  transmission    network  which   routes  messages
               according  to available  paths,  assures that  the message
               will  be received  as  it  was  sent,  provides  for  user
               security,  high speed transmission and  conferencing among
               terminals.

          VIA NET LOSS (VNL)
               The lowest loss  in dB at  which a  trunk facility  can be
               operated considering limitations of echo, crosstalk, noise
               and singing.

          VOICE CONNECTING ARRANGEMENT
               An interface arrangement provided by the telephone company
               to  accomodate  the connections  of  non-carrier  provided
               voice terminal equipment to  the public switched telephone
               network.

          VOICE FREQUENCY (VF)
               Any of the frequencies in the band 300-3,400 Hz which must
               be  transmitted  to  reproduce  the voice  with reasonable
               fidelity.

          VOICE GRADE
               An  access  line  suitable  for   voice,  low-speed  data,
               facsimile,  or  telegraph  service.  Generally,  it has  a
               frequency range of about 300-3000 Hz.

          VOICE GRADE FACILITY (VGF)
               A circuit  designed  to  DDD  network  standards which  is
               suitable  for  voice,   low-speed  data,   facsimile,   or
               telegraph service.

          WIDE AREA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE (WATS)
               WATS  permits  customers  to  make  (OUTWATS)  or  receive
               (INWATS) long-distance calls and  to have them billed on a
               bulk rather than individual  call basis.  The  service  is
               provided within selected service areas, or bands, by means
               of special  private access  lines  connected  to the pubic
               telephone network  via WATS-equipped  central offices.   A
               single access line permits  inward or outward service, but
               not both.

          WIDEBAND
               A term applied to facilities  or circuits where bandwidths
               are greater than that required for one voice channel.

          WIRE CENTER
               The  physical structure that  houses one  or more  central
               office switching systems.

          "0" or "0-"
               Zero  minus dialing.   Allows a  caller to  dial zero  and
               nothing else to get the Operator.

          "0+"
               Zero plus dialing. An operator assisted long distance call
               which is charged to the calling party.

          "00+" or "00-"
               Double  zero  dialing.  Allows a  caller to  get  an  AT&T
               Operator in  areas in which  dialing only  one zero  would
               connect the caller  with the local  Operator because  AT&T
               has given Operators back to the local telephone company.

          "1+" DIALING
               The capability to  dial "1" plus the  long distance number
               for calls withing the North American Numbering Plan  area.
               Intra-LATA  calls  are  carried  by  the  local  telephone
               company.  Inter-LATA  calls  are  carried by  the caller's
               primary carrier,  or by AT&T if equal access has  not come
               to the caller's area yet.

          "10-XXX" DIALING
               The ability  to send  calls over  a carrier  other than  a
               caller's primary carrier by dialing "10-XXX" then "1+" the
               long distance number,  where "XXX" is the 3-digit  Carrier
               Code of the alternative long distance company (also called
               a  secondary  carrier).  Available  only  to  Equal Access
               customers.

          800 SERVICE
               The ability of a caller to dial  a long distance telephone
               number without  incurring a charge for the call,  which is
               paid for by the party offering the 800 number.

               Synonym:  Inward WATS service.

          900 SERVICE
               Allows  callers to  receive information  from the  service
               provider via  a recorded  audio message,  which can  range
               from 60 seconds to a continuous live hookup,  by calling a
               900  number.  This  service  can  also  be used  to enable
               callers to vote or  "make a choice" by  dialing one of two
               900 numbers. 900 calls are  typically billed to the caller
               at $.50 for the first minute of any call and $.35 for each
               additional minute.

          976 NUMBERS
               Service   which  allows  callers  to  listen  to  recorded
               messages  such  as  horoscopes,  'adult'  dialogue,  stock
               market or sports reports  by calling 976-xxxx.  The  local
               telephone company  charges  callers a  fee which  is split
               between  the  local  telephone  company  and  the  service
               provider.

