









                            QUICKPLOT

                             MANUAL

                          (Version 1.0)













                               By

            David van Everdingen / Jeroen van Gool




                  Department of Earth Sciences
               Memorial University of Newfoundland
                    St. John's, Newfoundland
                             CANADA












                          (C) July 1990

                              -i-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION..................................................1
   A DATA FILE FORMAT.........................................1
   B NOTATION.................................................2
1.STARTING THE PROGRAM........................................2
2.EXITING THE PROGRAM.........................................3
3.MAIN MENU OPTIONS...........................................4
  3.1 INPUT DATA..............................................4
  3.2 PLOT DATA...............................................5
  3.3 CONTOURING THE DATA.....................................5
      3.3.1 KALSBEEK CONTOURING...............................6
      3.3.2 WEIGHTED CONTOURING...............................6
      3.3.3 CONTOURING MENU...................................6
            3.3.3.1  AUTO.....................................7
            3.3.3.2 DENSITY...................................7
            3.3.3.3 PATTERN...................................7
  3.4 ROTATE DATA.............................................8
  3.5 STATISTICS..............................................9
      3.5.1 EIGEN.............................................9
      3.5.2 FISHER............................................9
      3.5.3 PI GIRDLES.......................................10
      3.5.4 FABRIC ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS.........................10
      3.5.5 UNIFORMITY.......................................11
3.6 OPTIONS..................................................11
      3.6.1 SCREEN...........................................11
      3.6.2 FILE.............................................12
      3.6.3 CHANGE DIRECTORY.................................12
      3.6.4 NORTH............................................13
      3.6.5 QUIT.............................................13
3.7 HELP.....................................................13
3.8 DOS......................................................13
3.9 QUIT PROGRAM.............................................13
4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM IN BATCH MODE.........................13
5. USE OF ASPECT MODE OF QuickPlot Utilities.................17
6. DISCLAIMER................................................18
7. REFERENCES OF INTEREST....................................19
                              -1-

INTRODUCTION

QuickPlot is a program for plotting directional data. It accepts
data in various formats and plots, contours or rotates the data
on a lower hemisphere equal area projection. The plot may be
saved to a file for later printing through a program like Lotus
(R) PGRAPH (part of the Lotus 1-2-3 software package) or one may
make a screen dump to the printer. Plots saved to a file can be
edited using either Lotus (R) Freelance or any other graphics
program that can import .PIC files. This is a graphics program
and thus requires a graphics card to be present. The program will
run off a floppy  diskette or a hard drive, on a IBM PC, PC-XT,
PC-AT or 100% compatibles. It should be noted here that while the
program displays the graphics only if a graphics card is present,
it will produce Lotus (R) PGRAPH compatible files without the
graphics card present, but ONLY in batch mode. 

This program should run on all IBM PC/XT/AT's and 100%
compatibles equiped with 640KB memory and a graphics card
(graphics cards supported include Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA).

A Math Coprocessor is not required, but will significantly speed
up those parts of the program that require many 
calculations, especially the contouring.

The program is compiled with MicroSoft (R) QuickBASIC (v4.5) and
as such requires that the program MSHERC.COM be run before
running this program with a Hercules graphics card (this is supplied 
with the QuickBASIC software). MSHERC.COM is licenced by the MicroSoft
Corporation.

QuickPlot was written by J. van Gool and D. van Everdingen at the
Memorial University of Newfoundland (January-August 1990). The
program evolved from FABRIC, a program written by R. Vissers at
the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands.

A. DATA FILE FORMAT

The data are to be entered with two numbers to each line of the file. 
These two numbers may be in one of three formats: Dip-Azimuth and Dip 
or Dip and Dip-Azimuth or Strike and Dip (following the right hand rule, 
that is the dip direction always lies to the right of the strike .e.g. 
120 34 indicates the plane dips 34 degrees toward 120 degrees (south of
east) ; and may NOT contain characters such as N,S,E,W). Comments or blank
lines may be included anywhere in the file as long as they contain NO numbers.
                              -2-

B. NOTATION

The following conventions are used in this manual:

 In manual          What it means

<ENTER>             Press the ENTER or RETURN key on the keyboard

(characters)        Press these letters on the menu bar. 


1. STARTING THE PROGRAM

The program should be started from the drive/directory that it
resides in. A subsidiary file, QP.DEF, contains the directory name
of the subdirectory that contains your data. If present it is read
by QuickPlot on startup to determine default settings. If it si not 
present certain internal defaults are used. The defaults may be changed
by you through the OPTIONS menu.

If you have a CGA, EGA or a VGA graphics card, start the program
by typing QP <ENTER>. If you have a Hercules graphics card first
type MSHERC <ENTER> to load the Hercules graphics driver then
type QP <ENTER>. If you plan to make screendump prints from
within the program you will have to load a printer driver before
entering QuickPlot. In case you have a Hercules graphics card
type MONOPRT <ENTER> either before or after you load MSHERC. If
you use a CGA graphics card, type GRAPHICS <ENTER> before
entering QuickPlot. EGA and VGA cards require other graphics
adapters, check your owners manual for this. GRAPHICS is part of
the standard DOS package and is not distributed by us. MONOPRT is
a sharware utility. If you are working with a floppy system, copy
either MONOPRT or GRAPHICS to the floppy that contains the QP.EXE
program, or if you are working with a hard dive system, either
copy one of the two to the directory that contains the QP.EXE
program, or make sure that the subdirectory that contains the
right driver is part of your path statement. If you use QuickPlot
often and have a Hercules graphics card it is a good idea to load
MSHERC from your AUTOEXEC.BAT file when the computer is booted
up. The program automatically checks what type of graphics card
is present.

To run the program in batch mode, that is, to plot multiple
plots, type QP BATCH <ENTER>. See section 4 for more information
on running the program in batch mode.

In the interactive mode the program starts with the main menu at
the top of the screen. Eight choices are open to you:

     1. Input data - load a datafile from disk into the program. 
     2. Plot data - plot the data using various symbols on the   
            stereo net.
                              -3-
     3. Contouring - contour the data on the net using
            traditional or weighted counting methods on a
            Kalsbeek type counting net
     4. Rotate data - rotate the data on the net about a
            specified axis.
     5. Stats - perform an eigen analysis on the data or apply a 
            Fisher test for dispersion on the sphere or compute  
            a PI girdle to the data set or draw a modified Flinn 
            diagram.
     6. Options - set the system defaults for plotting and set   
            the current data directory.
     7. DOS - this allows you to access DOS from the program,    
            to perform other tasks before returning to the       
            program.
     8. Exit - exits the program back to the operating
            system (DOS).

All these choices are accessed by either moving the cursor box
with the cursor keys and pressing <ENTER> or by pressing the
first letter of the menu option. Help on any of these options can
be obtained by positioning the cursor box over the item and
pressing the F1 key. This help is only available at the main menu
and only if the file QP.HLP is present in the same directory or
on the same disk as the QuickPlot program.

2. EXITING THE PROGRAM

To leave the program use the cursor keys to move the arrows on
the menu to the last item on the list, "Exit". Alternatively
press the first letter of the Exit menu option, then answer yes
to the following question. 

Any menu with a cursor box displayed can be exited by pressing
the (ESC Escape) key. The PLOT, CONTOUR and ROTATE options can
all be exited to the main menu (if they were entered by mistake)
as follows: in the PLOT and CONTOUR options press the Escape key
at the first menu (the choose symbol menu in the PLOT option and
the Contour type menu in the CONTOUR option); and in the ROTATE
menu by entering -999 when you are prompted for the rotation
azimuth.
                              -4-
3. MAIN MENU OPTIONS

3.1 INPUT DATA

This option is automatically picked if no data has been entered
into the program as yet. That is requesting any of the first five
menu options results in defaulting to the INPUT option.
Data format within a file is a 2 column format separated by a
comma or one or more spaces. There may be blank lines or comments
in the file. Data input format is set through the optione menu 
(OFFT = Options File Format Type). Take care that this set correctly. 
See the Options section 3.6). Choices of data include: Planes, 
Lineations, Great circles, Mixed Great circles and lineations and 
lastly Bedding/Cleavage intersections.

The program can plot great circles as well as mixed great circles 
and lineations (e.g. the case of plotting slickensides). To plot
great circles alone pick GREAT in the data type question just
following the loading of the data file. To plot mixed great
circles and lineations, the data must be alternating great circle
data pair, lineation data pair. The same format goes for
thebedding/cleavage intersection data - it must alternate bedding
data point then cleavage data point. The intersections are
automatically computed and the results can be stored to a file
(Note: any data pairs which are parallel will be omitted from the
data set). 

Data can be input from a data file or interactively from the
keyboard (Type OFM = Options File Mode to set data input source). 
The program checks whether the file name you entered exists, for
this it uses the data subdirectory picked in the Options menu; 
If not then you can return to the main menu (allowing you to
change the file name or the subdirectory (through the Option
menu)). The data file is read in into memory you are then
prompted for the type of data (Planes or Lineations). 

At the Give File Name prompt you can enter ? followed by <ENTER>
to get a listing of the files in the input data directory. You
can use the *.* specification to get all files or something else
to be more specific such as *.DOC to get all files with the DOC
extension.  Then use the cursor keys to choose a file and <ENTER>
to accept the chosen file for loading into the computer.

Entering data from the keyboard (KEYBOARD option of File Mode) is
accomplished by entering the dip azimuth followed by <ENTER> and
then the dip, again followed by <ENTER>. To stop entering data,
at the 'Az.' prompt enter any number less than zero. You will
then be asked whether this data is to be saved to a file.
                              -5-
Should you want to enter additional files and treat them together
as one: enter the data for the first file (INPUT option)
normally. For entering subsequent files add '/A' directly after
the file name (no intervening spaces - i.e. DATA.PLT/A).

Additional data can be added from the keyboard as well (you are
prompted as to whether this das to be added to the previous
set). Note that if you enter a new file name without the '/A'
extension, that will be the only data treated, the previous data
will have been cleared out of the program.
     
3.2 PLOT DATA

Plotting is done with the Plot menu option. After entering the
data and picking this option the program will ask if you want to
erase the previous plot (if one is displayed on the screen). Then
you will be asked whether this upcoming plot is to be saved to a
Lotus (R) PGraph compatible PIC file. Note that the plot in this
option is saved to a file of the same name as the original data
file but with the '.PIC' extension. As well, to distinguish
between PIC files produced by the Plotting, Contouring and
Rotation routines, the last letter of the file name (if it is 8
letters long) is changed to P, C, R, respectively (if the file
name is less than 8 letters then this letter is simply added to
the file name). The PIC graph files use the same format as those
used by Lotus (R) 123. They can be plotted with Lotus (R) PGraph,
Lotus (R) Freelance. They can be imported into various word processing
packages such as WordPerfect, Lotus Manuscript. Any graphics
program that can import .PIC files can be used to edit the plots.
With a conversion utility such as P2D they can be imported into 
AutoDesk's AutoCAD drafting program.

A menu then appears asking you to enter the symbol type of your
choice for plotting. It shows six symbols, choosing Large gives
you  an additional six symbols (Small allows you to choose the
previous symbol set).

If you have run the statistical analyses (Eigen, Fisher and/or Pi
girdle analyses) prior to plotting, the result may be displayed
on the plot here. See section 3.5 Statistics. 

Upon plot completion you are asked whether this is to be output
to a screen dump or PIC file. In the first case the rest of the
extraneous information is removed from the screen and the plot is
dumped to the printer which must be connected to the LPT1
parallel printer port. 

Note that to get a circle to plot as a circle on the printer you
should set the aspect ratio for the printer (through the Option
menu option). The proper ratio for your monitor can be determined
by typing QPU at the DOS  prompt (to load the QuickPlot Utilities
program) and following the  instuctions. In the case of making a
                              -6-
PIC file the file name to which the PIC file is saved is
displayed. As mentioned before this name will have the extension
.PIC with a 'P' directly before the '.'(period). For example if
the data file name was TEST.PLT the PIC name is TESTP.PIC.


3.3  CONTOURING THE DATA

Orientation data can be counted and contoured using one of two
methods, both using a modified Kalsbeek counting net. The first
method is similar to the conventional hand contouring routine,
which is fast, but gives angular contour lines. The second method
uses the same counting grid with the option of different
densities of counting nodes. This method uses a weighted counting
procedure, which is slower, but gives smoother and more accurate
contours.

3.3.1 KALSBEEK CONTOURING

The distribution of counting nodes is similar to that of a
Kalsbeek counting net, but the program uses true counting circles
of 1% area for the counting. This combination of techniques may
occasionally result in strange contour patterns, especially for
isolated data points, but is extremely fast. The location of the
contour lines is completely dependent on the location of the
counting nodes. Contour values in this case are given in
percentage of data points per one percent area, which is
equivalent to multiples of uniform distribution.

3.3.2 WEIGHTED CONTOURING

The distribution of counting nodes is similar to that in a
Kalsbeek net, but here the density of nodes can be increased to
give smoother contour lines. The actual counting is done using a
method described by Robin and Jowett (1986). Weighted counting is
done on a hemi-sphere using a bell shaped Gaussian distribution
function presented by Fisher (1953)curve. The results are similar
to that using a one percent counting circle, but contours are
smoother and better indicate the locations of the datapoints. If
the highest density setting is used, this method can be very slow
when counting large datasets (>200 points) on a slow computer
(IBM PC or XT without co-processor). Contour values are given as
multiples of uniform distribution.

3.3.3 CONTOURING MENU

Before the contouring routine is started, a data set must be read
into the program. If contouring is chosen in the main menu,
without data being resident in memory, the program will
automatically prompt you for a data file name. The data do not
have to be plotted before they are contoured.

Before the menu is shown the program asks you whether to clear
                              -7-
the plotting area if a plot is present and you are asked to
indicate whether you want a copy of the plot to be saved to a
LOTUS (R) PIC file.

The menu choices are:

1. GO - accept the settings and start the contouring
2. AUTO - toggle between automatically calculated and            
        user specified contour levels.
3. COUNTING - toggle between traditional counting on a           
        Kalsbeek net and weighted counting of data points. 
4. DENSITY - choose density of the counting nodes.
5. PATTERN - choose between no patterns or one of two pattern    
    types.

3.3.3.1 AUTO

The automatic setting provides the user with a set of
approximately 5 to 8 equally spaced contour intervals, the lowest
level being one (times uniform distribution). If the user
specified setting is chosen, the program prompts you to enter
contour levels (up to 15, do not have to be entered in any order)
after it gives the maximum count.

3.3.3.2 DENSITY

In the case of weighted counting the density of counting nodes
can be chosen. For the traditional Kalsbeek counting routine the
grid density is default set to LOW (331 nodes) and can not be
changed. For the weighted counting you can choose between LOW
(331 nodes), MEDIUM (721 nodes) and HIGH (1261 nodes) density.
Remember: the higher the density, the longer the counting takes.

3.3.3.3 PATTERN

In a sub-menu you can choose for 1) no pattern, 2) pattern 1 or
3) pattern 2.

1. No - No Fill pattern, draw contour lines only.
2. 1 Pat. - Option 1, fill the maximum contour level with a solid
fill (does not show up in PIC files) and plot a dot pattern in
the area of less than the lowest contour level (both on screen
and in PIC files). Note that the dots for this pattern are drawn
on the counting nodes and reflect the density of the counting
net. (Note: if you want to see all the counting nodes plotted on
the screen, do a self specified contour plot of any dataset, and
set the only contour level to a value higher than the maximum
count.
3. 2 Pat. - Option 2, fill all contour levels with a fill   
pattern. This is for the screen only and does not show up in   
the PIC files. The maxim allowed number of contour levels in   
this case is 9. The way the pattern filling is handled is not   
guaranteed error free. Especially in the low density contouring,
                              -8-
contour levels can easily be missed. The higher density settings
give better results.

Once these options are set for your convenience, they don't have
to be reset during the session. Next time the program is used it
will start up in a default setting, which you may want to change.

The routine is started by pressing G (for GO). During the first
run the counting grid has to be created. For following runs in
this session this step will be skipped, unless the setting for
the counting grid has been changed. Next the data set is
reformatted internally for counting. When the program finishes
counting it prints the value of the maximum concentration and it
either starts contouring in the automatic mode, or it prompts you
for contour levels in the user-specified mode.

After drawing the contour lines and/or patterns you are asked if
you want a title in the plot. You can choose between no title,
the name of the (last entered) data file or you can enter a title
of your own choice. Note that the self specified title can not be
longer than 15 characters.

If you want a printout (either a screendump or output to a .PIC
file) answer Y(es) or press <ENTER>. If you have performed any
statistical analyses on the current data set, you are asked if
you want to include the results in the printout. 

If you chose the PIC file option, the plot will now be saved in a
file that ends on C.PIC (C for contour). This means that if your
original file name was full length (8+3 characters long), the
last character of the name and your original extension will be
lost. A file named S1SOUTH1.DAT will result in a plot file named
S1SOUTHC.PIC and file DATA.PLT results in DATAC.PIC, etc. The net
shows up as a circle on the print if you have chosen the
"PRINTER" Options setting (see 3.6 Options) for the circle aspect
ratio (OAP).

If you are not happy with the way contour lines are drawn, you
can re-enter the contouring routine (erase the current plot) and
enter new contour values, which will be drawn immediately. The
program does not repeat the counting routine (for slower
computers this can be  quite a time saver), unless the counting
grid is changed. The counted values stay in memory until a new
data set is entered. 

3.4 ROTATE DATA

In this option you are prompted for the azimuth and dip of the
AXIS of rotation (this is thought of as a pole) then the amount
of right handed rotation is requested. The computer then sets up
the rotation matrix. You are asked whether these entered values
are okay and then whether you want the results displayed. The
plot will show the locations of the rotated points and the
                              -9-
location of the axis of rotation (a circle cut by a cross). If
you want to see the location of the points before rotation use
the Plot Data menu first before doing the rotation. The rotated
data may be saved to a file. Depending on your response to the
queries the rotated data set can be made resident for further
treatment (displacing the original data set from the program
memory). 

Prior to the screen plotting of the data you are asked (if a
previous plot exists) whether to erase the plot and then whether
the upcoming plot is to be saved to a PIC file. The file saved
through this routine will have the .PIC extension with an 'R'
directly preceeding the '.' (period). For example if the original
data file name was MORETEST.PLT then the PIC file name would be
MORETESR.PIC (the last letter is replaced by the 'R' since the
original file name was eight letters long).

3.5 STATISTICS

Statistical analysis of the data is done through this option.You
are presented with four options: 1) Eigen analysis, 2) Fisher
Anal., 3) Pi girdle 4) modified Flinn diagram and 4) Uniformity
test.

3.5.1 EIGEN

The maximum eigen vector (displayed as an open star) or all three
eigen vectors (displayed as '1','2','3') can be plotted. The data
may be saved to a file (including the eigen values and eigen
vectors. The results are displayed on the screen after plotting (or
contouring) the data. Note that symmetrical data sets whose 1st or
3rd eigen vector plots on the net circumference will produce an
wrong value for that eigenvector. To remedy: change the angle of
one input point by 1 degree.

3.5.2 FISHER

The Fisher analysis follows Fisher's (1953) paper to compute a
cone angular diametre containing the mean of the data set with a
confidence level of 95%. That is, possible directions more than
the calculated number of degrees away from that indicated are
excluded at the 5% level of significance. As well a 'K' value is
output that discribes the amount that the data are clustered, an
estimate of the precision. The smaller the value of K the more
uniform the data distribution. When K is large the distribution
is effectively confined to a small portion of the net in the
neighborhood of the maximum.
                         -10-
3.5.3 PI GIRDLES

Pi girdles can be computed for your data set. This calculation   

first computes the EIGEN values of the data. For a girdle
distribution of the data, the third eigen vector is the fold axis
and the great circle pi girdle passes through the first and
second eigen vectors; If on the other hand the data is clustered
the axis is the first eigen vector and the girdle passes through
the second and third eigen vectors. This decision is made by the
program by running the uniformity test to check for the
distribution type. It may be useful to plot your data first to
see whether it is multimodal - if it is, the Pi girdle computed
can quite meaningless. 

3.5.4 FABRIC ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS

Modified Flinn diagrams were developed by Woodcock (1977) and
Woodcock and Naylor (1983). These plots are of the ratios of the
first and second eigen value versus the rotio of the second and
third eigen value. The plot enables one to get an objective value
for the amount of clustering or girdling represented by the data
set. A value is also generated indicating the strength of the
cluster or girdle. Another possibility available is to plot the
differences of eigen values on a triangular plot (Vollmer, 1990)
to discern between Clustered (Point data), Girdled or Random
data. (using the formulae: P=(E1-E2)/N, G=2(E2-E3)/N, R=3(E3)/N)
The advantage of this plot is that it is closed, whereas
highly clustered or girdled data will plot off the modified Flinn
diagram, on the triangular plot they will still be within the 
bounds of the plot. The validity of the test/diagram becomes
suspect when you are dealing with a multimodal data set (more
than one population). The plot can be saved to a PIC compatible
file (the file name is suffixed by 'F' (e.g. EAST3F.PIC is used
for a data set in file EAST3.PLT). 

Note: any plot on the screen is erased if you select the Flinn
diagram option. Conversely a Flinn plot on the screen is erased
if you select a stereo net plotting option. You will be prompted
to save the Flinn diagram to a PIC file only if you are not
already in the process of creating a stereo plot PIC file; in
this case you will be prompted to save the Flinn diagram to a PIC
file upon leaving the program. You may compile eigen value ratio
data points from several (up to 10) data sets into a single Flinn
diagram. The results from each Flinn diagram are saved to an
array and will be plotted to the same PIC file. If more than 10
data sets are compiled then these will be plotted to a next PIC
file. Note the above also applies to the triangular fabric plots.
                             -11-

3.5.5 UNIFORMITY TEST

The uniformity test (after the routine by Griffis et al., 1985)
provides more or less the same results as the Flinn diagram,
except it does this verbally on the first and second lines of the
display in order to not interfere with any plots on the screen.


3.6 OPTIONS

Options:->-Screen->-Aspect-->-Screen  
         |        |         >-Printer  
         |        |         >-Own Aspect->-ENTER NUMBER
         |        |
         |        >-Diameter--ENTER NUMBER
         |        >-Quit
         |
         >-File--->-Mode---->-TOGGLE (Keyboard/Datafile)
         |        | 
         |        >-Format-->-Type------->-AD  
         |        |         |            >-DA
         |        |         |            >-SD 
         |        |         |           
         |        |         >-# of sets-->-TOGGLE (single/mult.) 
         |        |         >-Quit
         |        >-Quit
         |
         >-Dir---->-Inpath-->-ENTER DIRECTORY PATH
         |        >-Outpath->-ENTER DIRECTORY PATH
         |        >-Quit
         |
         >-North----TOGGLE (Plot/Don't plot North symbol on net  
         |
         >-Quit--->-Save
                  >-Quit

Note: typing the first letter of the menu item chooses that item.
Hitting the ESC key will exit you to the previous menu. Escaping
from the main Options menu escapes without accepting any changes.

When the program is started, it first checks for the existence of
a file called QP.DEF which contains the defaults. If it does not
exist the program uses its own built in defaults. These defaults
can be changed at any time from the main menu and can be saved to
a new QP.DEF or the new defaults can be used for the current
session only.

In the following section the responses to get to the appropriate
menu will be typed using the first letters of the displayed
option.
                             -12-

The available Options are: 

3.6.1 SCREEN

The aspect ratio value is set by typing QP ASPECT at the DOS
prompt and can be set for either the screen (most common usage)
or for the printer (case of screen dumps of plots to the
printer). The aspect can be set to screen (OSAS) printer (OSAP)
or you can enter your own aspect (OSAO) for the current session
only. The stereo net diameter is set from here (OSD). The plot
diameter only affects the screen, it does not affect the PIC file
circle diameter. The PIC file circle diameter can only be changed
through the EIGHT option (See section 4 on BATCH mode operation).

3.6.2 FILE

Whether the data is to be input from a file or from the keyboard
(OFM). DATA FORMAT - can be set for various formats. If the data
are read from the keyboard the data input is always in the
azimuth dip format. For data read from a file the formats can be
as follows:
          a) Dip-Azimuth/Dip  (OFFTA)
          b) Dip/Dip-Azimuth  (OFFTD)
          c) Strike/Dip       (OFFTS)
a) and b) use the dip direction and the dip of the orientation
data.
c) uses the strike of the data and the dip, where the strike is
decided by the right hand rule (the dip must always occur to the
right of the strike line so for example if the plane dips toward
045 degrees (measured clockwise from north) with a dip of 20
degrees down from the horizontal, then the azimuth is 045 and dip
is 20; the strike is 045-090=-045 or 315 degrees dippping 20
degrees. 

The # of sets option (OFF#) allows one to plot data sets from
different subsets using separate symbols simultaneously. The data
file will contain three columns: the first two columns are the
azimuth and the dip, the third column is the number of the symbol
to be used to plot that particular point. This number has a value
between 1 and 12.

3.6.3 CHANGE DIRECTORY

Change In/Out Data Dir. - this allows you to change the directory
and/or the drive from which the data are to be read and to which
the PIC plots will be saved. If you are changing to a directory
on the same drive as the current drive then there is no need to
include the drive letter (simply enter for example "\data" the
program is pretty lenient with this (you will be told if you are
doing it wrong). 
                             -13-

3.6.4 NORTH

This option toggles between displaying a north symbol ('N') at
the top of the net and not displaying it.

3.6.5 QUIT

This is a two part menu: Save - this will save all the default
settings as they now are. This overwrites the existing QP.DEF
file without warning you. (If you wish, for whatever reason, to
keep the old QP.DEF file around rename it before entering the
program). When the program has finished saving the changes to
QP.DEF you are returned to the main menu. Quit - returns you to
the main menu, however any changes you made to the default
settings will be used for this session ONLY until they are
changed again. Note that the changes are not, in this case, saved
to the QP.DEF file. A third choice is to press the ESC key to
leave the settings unchanged.

3.7 HELP

Rudimentory help is provided only at the main menu level and is
viewed by pressing the F1 key after positioning the cursor-box
over the required item. Help will be displayed only if the file
QP.HLP is present on the same disk or in the same directory as
the program QP.EXE itself.

3.8 DOS

This allows you to exit temporarily to the DOS prompt to
accomplish other tasks (i.e. copying or modifying files) to
return to the program type EXIT at the DOS prompt. This loads
another copy of the COMMAND.COM (or equivalent) into memory thus
reducing the amount of available memory for using other programs
while you are still in QuickPlot. Note that the action of
shelling to DOS will erase any plots you have on the screen.

3.9 QUIT PROGRAM

To leave the program back to the DOS environment press 'Q' or use
the cursor keys and <ENTER> to pick this choice.

4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM IN BATCH MODE

Should you want to run the same options on a series of data sets,
provision is made for using QuickPlot in batch mode. To use
QuickPlot in Batch mode: enter QP BATCH at the DOS prompt. The
program will then inform you that you have entered the Batch
                             -14-

processing mode and asks if you want any help. The help screen
displays the format that Batch files need to follow. This format
must be followed to avoid problems in the running of the program
(order is important). The batch files contain seven (7) command
lines followed by any number of lines containing, one to a line,
the names of the data files to be accessed.

NOTE: To simplify batch file creation use the QuickPlot Utilities
program QPU (Option 1) - type QPU <ENTER> at the DOS prompt. The
follow the displayed instructions.

The data files must contain the following information (the
capitalized words are one that go into the batch file - they need
not be capitlaized since the program is not case sensitive):

Line 1: 

Full pathname of directory of data files are (e.g. C:\DATA) 

Line 2: 

Full pathname of directory to which PIC files are to be saved 

Line 3: 

Admissible entries: AD, DA, SD, EI

Type of data: AD - Azimuth Dip, DA - Dip Azimuth, SD -        
Strike Dip, EI - eigen value data. Following choice with 'M'
chooses multiple data sets

Line 4: 

Admissible entries: PLANE??, LINE??, GREAT??, INTER?? (??='N','
N','NN' (do not print the quotes they are used as delimiters
here))

Mode type: PLANE = data are planes or LINE = data are         
lineations GREAT = data are great circles or INTER = data are
bedding/cleavage data (alternating bedding on one line cleavage
on the next). Following the choice with: 'N' suppresses printing
of the Poles to planes or Lineations message; ' N' prints the
above message but leaves off the N (North) symbol; 'NN' suppresse
both the message and the north symbol; default is to have both
output (do not type the single quotes, just the characters e.g.
PLANE N or LINENN).

Line 5: 

Admissible entries: PLOT, CONTOUR, EIGHT?## (?=P,C,B; #=1-
12),?????EIGEN, ?????FISHER, ?????PI (????? = PLOTS, CONTS,
STATS), FLINN. The EIGHT option may be followed by a title (up to
                             -15-
60 characters 3 positions after the 'T' in EIGHT i.e. EIGHTP
5Title Not in quotes.

The operations that can be performed on the data: 

PLOT - plot the data followed by the symbol number e.g. PLOT 8
for symbol 8, default symbol is 4 ('+').

CONTOUR - use automatic contouring. The contouring is the
Gaussian weighted method.

EIGHT? - if ?=P then plot 8 data plots to one page.
       - if ?=B then plot and contour up to 4 data sets a page.  
      - if ?=C then contour up to 8 data sets per page.
Using the default symbol 2 (small square; if followed by a symbol
number e.g. EIGHTP3 plots up to 8 nets using symbol 3 for the
data points.  If that is followed by a title e.g. EIGHTP12Figure
1 -plots eight nets with symbol 12 and a caption of 'Figure 1'
(caption may be any reasonable length < 60 characters). Note that
the title must start in the 9th column of line 5 as the symbol
number takes 2 spaces (possible symbols are 1 to 12).

If, for the EIGHT option, there are less than eight files to be
plotted, or there is not a multiple of eight files (data sets)
then the last page will merely contain less than eight plots.
Note page here refers to what can be plotted on one screen or
page by Lotus (R) PGRAPH. The EIGHTB option allows one to plot up
to four data sets to one page. The result is a data plot and a
contour plot (one beneath the other) for each data set. The
contour percentage levels are included below the contour plots. 
Contour counting point density determines the smoothness of the
resultant contours. The allowable values are 10,15,20 for low,
medium and high counting point density respectively. A value is
needed on the line even if no contouring is to be done. 

If the batch plotting is eight to a page and the data are to be
contoured (EIGHTC) then a legend will appear at the bottom of the
page to explain the notation in use; it looks as follows:

   (C:=contour levels in multiples of a uniform distribution)

STATS, PLOTS, CONTS: Some of the statistics can be run in batch
mode as well. The following possibilities are available and
should be entered on line 5 of the batch file (note only one
operation command is allowed per batch file):
   ?????EIGEN - do an eigen analysis
   ?????FISHER - compute a Fisher distribution
   ?????PI - compute a fold axis/girdle
The ????? are to be replaced by STATS if you want to save the
generated data to a file but not plot it, or by PLOTS if you want
to plot the computations on the stereo net but not save it to a
                             -16-

data file or, lastly, by CONTS if you wish to have the statistics
plotted on a contoured net (e.g. STATSEIGEN or PLOTSEIGEN or
CONTSEIGEN). To do both (plot and save) you will have to run the
batch file twice through the program with the two differennt
options. 
FLINN: produce a Flinn diagram of the data sets.
TRIAN: produce a triangular fabric digram based on eigen value
differences

Line 6: 

Admissible entries: PIC, SCREEN

Where printout is to go: to a PIC file or to the SCREEN to be
printed as a screen dump to the printer.

The following two lines are inserted only if the the operation
requested involved contouring (CONTOUR, EIGHTC, EIGHTB, CONTPI,
CONTFISHER, CONTEIGEN).

Line 7: 

Admissible entries: 10, 15, 20. 

Contour counting point density. Use 10,15,20 for Low, Medium or 
High density respectively.

Line 8:

Admissible entries: 0, 1, 2. 

If the output is to the screen (NOT to a PIC file) then you must 
say whether you want a pattern to fill the contours: 0 = no
patterns used, 1 = patterns fill the maximum contour level and
the less than minimum contour level, 2 = patterns fill all the
contour levels but not the less than minimum level.

Note then that lines 7 and 8 may not be necessary depending on
the  type of operation you are applying to the data and also
depending on the output destination of the print (to a PIC file
or via a screen  dump to the printer.

Line 9 to the file end contain the file names (one name on each
line).
        E.g.   JUNK1.PLT" 
               JUNK2.PLT" 
                  Etc." 

(NOTE: Blank files will cause program to halt. Thus the foregoing
format MUST be  followed).
                             -17-

The plot can be sent directly through a screen dump to the
printer (equivalent to Shift-PrintScreen) by entering SCREEN or
it can be sent to a Lotus (R) compatible PIC file for later
printing or manipulation by entering PIC on line 7.

An example file to run three data files of plane, azimuth-dip
data from the C:\TMP subdirectory, save the completed plots to
C:\DATA and contour them using medium counting point density,
sent to the printer with paterns in all contours (See i):
       i                    ii
     ------               ------
     C:\TMP               C:\TMP
     C:\DATA              C:\DATA
     AD                   AD
     PLANE                PLANE
     CONTOUR              EIGHTC
     SCREEN               20
     15                   PIC
     2                    JUNK1.PLT
     JUNK1.PLT            JUNK2.PLT
     JUNK2.PLT            JUNK3.PLT
     JUNK3.PLT

ii) is similar to i) except that it will put the three plots into 
one PIC file and contour them starting in the upper left hand
corner with the first plot and so on to the right, using the
highest counting point density. The file names and the  number of
data points per set are plotted beneath the net. The bottom right
hand corner of the screen/page has the optional "Pole to Planes"
or "Lineations" annotation.

(NOTE: these can all be entered in lower case as well - the
program is not case sensitive).

These inputs must be entered exactly as indicated or the program
will not operate properly. For ease of use it is advantageous to
use the QuickPlot Utilities (QPU) program to create an
appropriate batch file.

QP execution can be followed as all is displayed as the program
runs through the various steps while in batch mode. Since no
further input is required you can also go away for some
relaxation and come back feeling much happier (your work is being
done for you).

5. USE OF ASPECT MODE OF QuickPlot Utilities (Type: QPU)

This allows you to calculate the appropriate aspect ratio
for either your screen or printer so that the plotted circles
will be, in fact, circles rather than ellipses. Type QPU followed
by <ENTER>. Then pick option 2 (to determine the aspect ratio). 
If you have a Hercules graphics card make sure that you have run 
                             -18-
MSHERC as well as a screen printing program such as MONOPRT. The
program then presents you with two lines on the screen, one 
horizontal the other vertical which you are to measure
as accurrately as possible using consistent units (that is if you
use centimetres for the one use centimetres for the other. Enter
these numbers as directed. The program then plots a circle based
on the ratio calculated from the numbers you entered. If this is
a circle to your satisfaction then the ratio is saved to a file
called QP.DEF. The same procedure is followed for the printer.
Note that this is only necessary if you plan on printing the
plots using the SCREEN method. The other method which produces
Lotus (R) compatible files does not require this as the Lotus
drivers will take care of that (This assumes that you have access
to Lotus (R) 1-2-3 version 2.01, 2.2 or 3.0, etc.).

6. DISCLAIMER

The authors of this program (which is continually undergoing
revision) are not to be held responsible for the results from
inappropriate usage of the program. However if you do encounter
any bugs in the version you have (note the date on the program
directory listing) we would like to hear about them. Also any
suggestions for improvements would be greatly appreciated.

This program may be distributed freely, however it is for
personal, educational or scientific use only and may not be 
sold.

Contact: David van Everdingen or Jeroen van Gool
         Department of Earth Sciences
         Memorial University of Newfoundland
         St. John's, Newfoundland
         A1B 3X5  CANADA
        
         Tel: (709)737-8142
                             -19-

7. REFERENCES OF INTEREST

Diggle, P.J., Fisher, N.I.; 1985; Sphere: A Contouring Program
For Spherical Data; Computers and Geosciences v11 n6 p725-766.

Duncan, A.C.; 1985; PLANE: An Interactive Program For Calculating
Intersections Lineations From Planes, Planes From Lines and
Plunges From Pitches; Computers and Geosciences v11 n2 p183-202.

Fisher, N.I., Lewis, T., Embleton, B.J.J.; 1987; Statistical
Analysis of Spherical Data; Cambridge University Press, Sydney
329p.

Fisher, R.; 1953; Dispersion on a Sphere; Royal Society of London
Proceedings v217 p295-305.

Griffis, R.A., Gustafson, S.J., Adams, H.G.; 1985; PETFAB: User
Considerate Fortran 77 Program For the Generation and Statistical
Evaluation of Fabric Diagrams; Computers and Geosciences v4 n4
p369-408 - (Uniformaity test p386).

Mardia, K.V.; 1972; Statistics of Directional Data; Academic
Press London Chapters 8 and 9 p212-286 and Appendix 3 p320-330.

Robin, P-Y.F., Jowett, E.C.; 1986; Computerized Density
Contouring Statistical Evaluation of Orientation Data Using
Counting Circles and Continuous Weighting Functions;
Tectonophysics v121 p207-233.

Vissers, R.J.M., Bollegraaf, B.; 1989; An Algorithm for Rotation 
of Axial Data; Computers and Geosciences v15 n1 p157-161.

Vollmer, F.W.; 1990; An Application of Eigenvalue Methods to
Structural Domain Analysis; Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. v102 p786-791.

Woodcock, N.H.; 1977; Specification of Fabris Shapes Using an
Eigenvalue Method; Geological Society of America Bulletin v88
p1231-1236.

Woodcock, N.H. and Naylor, M.A.; 1983; Randomness Testing in
Three Dimensional Orientation Data: Structural Geology v5 n5 
p539-548.