                                                Table of Contents
   
   Section                                              Page  
  
   1.0     INTRODUCTION                                 1-1
   1.1     Quick Installation                           1-1
   1.2     Scope and Purpose of Manual                  1-2
   1.3     Reference Documents                          1-2
   1.4     Overview of Product                          1-2
   1.5     Hardware and Software Requirements           1-5
  
   2.0     HARDWARE INSTALLATION                        2-1
   2.1     Introduction                                 2-1
   2.2     Environmental Requirements                   2-1
   2.3     Unpacking Procedure                          2-1
   2.4     ACB-232XD Board Layout                       2-2
   2.5     System Requirements                          2-3
   2.6     Integration Into the System                  2-4
  
   3.0     SOFTWARE INSTALLATION                        3-1
   3.1     Introduction                                 3-1
   3.2     Software Installation Flowchart              3-2
   3.3     Format Procedure for Hard Disk Drives        3-3
   3.4     Special Options                              3-6
   
   4.0     TROUBLESHOOTING                              4-1
   4.1     Introduction                                 4-1
   4.2     Adaptec ACB-232XD Troubleshooting Checklist  4-1
   4.3     Controller Error Codes                       4-3
   4.4     BIOS Error Codes                             4-6
   
   5.0     APPENDICES                                   5-1
   I       Installing SCO Xenix                         5-1
   II      Installing ISC Unix                          5-2
   III     Installing OS/2                              5-2
   IV      Installing Novell                            5-3
   V       Driver and Operating System Support          5-3
      
  
                     LIST OF TABLES
  Table                                                          Page
 
   2-1     ACB-232XD System Memory Map                            2-3
   2-2     ACB-2322D Controller Power Requirements                2-4
   2-3     ACB-2320D Controller Connector Definitions             2-4
   2-4     ACB-2320D Controller Connector Definitions             2-8
   4-1     Class 00 Error Codes (Drive Errors)                    4-3
   4-2     Class 01 Error Codes (Data Recover Errors)             4-4
   4-3     Class 02 error Codes (System-Related Errors)           4-4
   4-4     Class 03 Error Codes (Diagnostics Errors)              4-5
   4-5     Class 04 Error Codes (Timeouts and Misc.Errors)        4-5
   4-6     BIOS Error Codes                                       4-6
                                                                     
                     LIST OF FIGURES                              
 Figure                                                          Page
   
   2-1     ACB-232XD Board Layout                                 2-2
   2-2     ACB-2322D Controller and Drive Cabling                 2-6
           (Twisted Cable)                                       
   2-3     ACB-2322D Controller and Drive Cabling                 2-7
           (Flat Cable)
  
  
  1.1 QUICK INSTALLATION
  
  Most of us don't like to read manuals. If you are familiar 
  with drive installations, you don't need to read this one.  
  The manual describes in detail the process outlined below.  
  Try this quick-install first. If you need more details, dig 
  into the manual.
  
  a. Install controller and drives into your PC AT, and cable 
     them together. (ACB-2322D only) Run a  floppy cable from 
     the "Floppy Cable" connector (J5) to both floppy drives. 
     The connector on the END  of the cable goes to  drive 0. 
     Run a  34-pin hard  drive  cable from  (J4) "HD  CONTROL  
     CABLE" and  connect  to both  hard  drives. Connect  one  
     20-pin cable each from "DRIVE 0" (J3) to  the first hard 
     drive, and from "DRIVE 1" (J2) to the  second hard drive 
     (if installed). Don't forget to plug a system power cable 
     into the hard drive!
  
  b. Run your PC AT "SETUP" and set the hard drives to type 1.
  
  c. Boot to DOS, and run DEBUG.
  
  d. Type in: 
     A>DEBUG 
     <CR>
     -G=C800:5 
     <CR>
  
  e. The Adaptec format menu will come up.
  
  f. Choose: 1 - to primary-format drive 0.
  
  g. The  controller  will  read  the  number  of  heads and  
     cylinders from the drive. The manufacturer's defect list 
     will also be read in.
  
  h. Now just keep hitting <CR> (to take the defaults).
  
  i. After format is complete, choose q - to end the program.
  
  j. Now  you are  ready  to install  your  operating system  
     software. Go to DOS FDISK, and FORMAT, or SPEEDSTOR, DISK 
     MANAGER, SCO XENIX, OS/2, UNIX, etc.
  
  1.2 Scope and Purpose of Manual
  
  The purpose of this manual is to guide the system integrator 
  through a successful  installation of  Adaptec's ACB-232XD  
  board.  This   includes   both   hardware   and   software   
  installation, as well as basic troubleshooting information.
  
  
  1.3 Reference Documents
  
   IBM PC AT Guide to Operations Manual
   IBM DOS Reference Manual Version 3.0 or Higher
   IBM PC AT Technical Reference Manual
   Appropriate Disk Drive User's Manual
  
  
  1.4 Overview of Product
  
  The Adaptec ACB-232XD is a series of high-performance ESDI  
  Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Controllers for the IBM PC AT and 
  equivalent personal computers. 
   The ACB-2320D is an ESDI hard disk controller.
   The  ACB-2322D  is an  ESDI  hard disk  and  floppy disk  
    controller. 
  The ACB-232XD is software and hardware compatible with the  
  IBM PC AT hard disk controller interface.
  
  The Adaptec ACB-232XD ESDI  Controllers have the following  
  features:
  
    IBM  hardware  compatible. Plugs  directly  into  AT bus  
     compatible systems without modification. Register (port) 
     compatible  to  the  IBM  AT  controller,  giving  true  
     compatibility.
    IBM   software   compatible.    Runs   software   that    
     communicates through the AT system  BIOS or directly to 
     the  controller   registers,  thus,   the   highest  AT   
     compatibility is achieved. 
  
    Supports  two  enhanced  small  disk  interface  (ESDI)   
     drives. Runs hard-sectored 10, 15 and 20 MHz ESDI drives 
     from all major ESDI  manufacturers. Supports two drives  
     that are different capacity,  different access time and  
     different manufacturers without controller modification. 
     Drives with  up  to  16 heads  and  4096  cylinders are  
     supported by  the  controller  through  the  registers.  
     Provides  both   the  highest   capacity   and  highest   
     performance.
  
    Highest  AT   ESDI  performance.   The  combination  of   
     non-interleaved operation and  low controller overhead,  
     give the ACB-232XD the  highest transfer rate available  
     today. This is from 900 Kilobytes per second to as high 
     as 1.9 Megabytes per second  data transfer depending on 
     system configuration.
    Non-interleaved  operation.  This gives  the  ability to  
     read one  track of  data  in one  disk  revolution, the  
     maximum rate  that  the  drive  can  give  data to  the  
     controller. This provides  the fastest controller/drive  
     performance.
  
    Can support more  than 1024 cylinders  under DOS. Breaks  
     the INT  13, 1024  cylinder,  limit. Drives  up  to 528  
     MBytes can  be  supported by  translating  the cylinder  
     count.
  
    Can  support  up  to  1  Gigabyte  under  DOS. Adaptec's  
     drive-splitting feature allows one large physical drive 
     to be split into two "logical" drives and run as a C & D 
     drive under DOS without installing driver software.
  
    Sector-sparing. One sector per  track can be reserved as  
     a spare. If a defect is  found during format, the track 
     will be re-formatted  using the  spare. Then  the drive  
     will be defect free under DOS.
  
    17 sector translation.  The controller can  emulate a 17  
     sector format for software that requires that feature.
  
    64  K Byte  buffer. A  64  K buffer  is standard  on the  
     ACB-2322D. 64K can cache a full track for the large new 
     drives with  up to  72 sectors  per track;  32K cannot.  
     Under DOS or  OS/2, there can  never be a  host overrun  
     condition, because their maximum  request block size is  
     64K. Even if  the host CPU  is too busy  to process the  
     data immediately, the  ACB-232XD will  pull it  off the  
     disk into the buffer, ready  for transfer at Read-Ahead 
     speed when the CPU comes back.
  
    Read-ahead. Special algorithms take in data before it is  
     requested and store  it, ready  for lightning-fast data  
     transfers. Up  to 1.9  MByte/sec recorded  on Coretest!  
     Provides optimum performance with UNIX/XENIX.
  
    Multi-track read-Ahead.  The ACB-232XD does  not stop at  
     the track boundary,  but continues  to read-ahead until  
     the buffer is full. With  its 64K buffer, the ACB-232XD  
     can pre-fetch up to four full tracks.
  
    Optional  on-board Adaptec  ACB-BIOS. This  provides the  
     most functionality of any AT controller. The copyrighted 
     ACB-BIOS  contains   the  low   level   format,  defect   
     management, data verification, autoconfiguration of any 
     drive without changing AT system BIOS. 
  
    ACB-BIOS  low-level  primary format.  This  provides the  
     ability on the  controller to format  the drive without  
     the need  of  system  diagnostics  or  changing the  AT  
     system BIOS. 
  
    ACB-BIOS  ability to  read  ESDI drive  parameters. This  
     reads the drive characteristics directly from the drive, 
     reducing the possibility  of using the  wrong number of  
     heads, cylinders, sectors, etc.
  
    ACB-BIOS  ability  to  read  ESDI  manufacturer's defect  
     list. This reads the manufacturer's flagged bad areas on 
     the disk, eliminating the need to enter them manually. 

    ACB-BIOS ability to add  grown defects, save and protect  
     all  defect  lists.  This  gives  the  ability  to  run  
     additional defect tests and add the defects to those the 
     manufacturer  found.  Also  the  controller  saves  and  
     protects both the  manufacturer's and  grown lists from  
     accidental erasure, thus the highest data reliability.
  
    ACB-BIOS  sector  -level defect  mapping.  This  flags a  
     sector on the  disk to be  unusable and reports  to the  
     operating system its location, giving system level data 
     integrity.
  
    ACB-BIOS  dynamic  skewing.  The  BIOS  determines  the   
     optimum head skew for the  low-level format. This means 
     less time lost during head switching.
  
    ACB-BIOS  data  verification   using  worst  case  data   
     patterns. This tests  the disk with  the worst possible  
     combinations of data before valuable user data is placed 
     on the disk. This provides the highest data reliability.
  
    ACB-BIOS autoconfiguration  of ESDI  drives. This allows  
     any ESDI drive to be formatted and used without changing 
     the AT system  BIOS drive  tables. This  simplifies the  
     cumbersome task of  changing EPROM drive  tables to add  
     ESDI. The controller  writes the  drive parameters onto  
     the drive during format and reads them on power up. This 
     is ideal for  field upgrades since  the controller does  
     not need  to  be hardware  configured  to  the specific  
     drive. This  achieves  the  highest  drive  flexibility  
     possible. 
  
    Shadow  RAM.  The auto  configuration  drive  tables are  
     stored  in   a   protected   location.   This  enhances   
     compatibility with VGA and all major software programs.
  
    ACB-BIOS  defaults  and help  messages.  Default entries  
     help speed the user through an installation. If an error 
     occurs, help messages come up to  tell the user what to 
     do.
  
    XT height board.  This  allows use  in both  XT  and AT  
     height machines, thus giving you flexibility in choosing 
     your machine's enclosure. 
  
    High component integration using Adaptec ICs. Adaptec is  
     committed to IC developement in  order to integrate and 
     to reduce the price  of both boards  and ICs. Adaptec's  
     ICs  are  used  in  all  Adaptec  boards  and  in  most  
     integrated drives  on  the  market;  therefore, Adaptec  
     components are proven in reliability and in high volume 
     production.  
  
    Use of surface mount technology. Adaptec is committed to  
     the leading edge of technology. Surface Mount Technology 
     allows greater functionality in smaller spaces, as well 
     as higher reliability and low power.
  
  The ACB-2322D has these additional features:
  
    Support  of   two  IBM  AT-type   floppy  disk  drives.   
     Compatible with the most popular IBM floppy capacities. 
     This includes 360 KB and 1.2 MB floppy capacities for 5 
     1/4" floppy compatibility. Also supports 3 1/2" floppies 
     that use the 5 1/4" floppy drive interface.
  
    Floppy controller can be  disabled, for use with systems  
     that have a motherboard floppy controller.
  
    Analog  floppy data  separator.  This gives  much higher  
     data integrity than digital data separators. Thus floppy 
     data reliability and  data retrievability  are improved  
     over previous AT floppy controllers. 

  .  Format compatibility with the ACB-2320B/2322B, EXCEPT that the 
     ACB-2320D/2322D does not support soft sectored drives.
  
  1.5 Hardware and Software Requirements
  
  In order to install an Adaptec ACB-232XD into an IBM PC 
  AT-compatible computer, the following are required:
  
  1. IBM PC AT-compatible computer. 
  
  2. PC or MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher. System and 
     supplemental program diskettes. 
  
     The ACB-2322D will also run with non-DOS operating 
     systems and networks. Please refer to the appendix for 
     operation with Interactive System Unix V/386, SCO Xenix, 
     Novell NetWare, OS/2 and other operating systems.
  
  3. A diagnostic program diskette that allows the PC 
     AT-compatible computer's configuration RAM to be set up 
     (such as the diagnostics diskette IBM supplies with its 
     PC ATs.)
  
  4. Adaptec ACB-2322D hard disk and floppy disk controller, 
     or Adaptec ACB-2320D hard disk controller for systems 
     that include a floppy controller.
  
  5. An ESDI Winchester disk drive.
  
  6. 5 1/4" or 3 1/2" floppy disk drive.
  
  7. 20- and 34-pin flat or twisted ribbon cables for hard 
     disk.
  
  8. 34 pin twisted ribbon cable for floppy disk (ACB-2322D 
     only).
  
  
  2.1 Introduction
  
  This section describes the steps necessary to install the 
  ACB-232XD board into the computer. First, the operating 
  environment, unpacking procedure and board layout are 
  described. This section also describes the integration of 
  the drive and controller into the computer.
  
  2.2 Environmental Requirements
  
  The ACB-232XD will perform properly over the following range 
  of conditions:
  
            
                                 Operating        Storage
  
  Temperature:       0 to 55C (32 to 131F)    -40 to 75C (-8 to 167F)
  Humidity (Noncondensing): 0% to 95%             10% to 95%         
  Altitude (Feet):          Sea level to 10,000   Sea level to 20,000
  MTBF (Hours):             80,000 at 55C
  
  
  2.3 Unpacking Procedure
  
  The carrier is responsible for damage incurred during  
  shipment. In  case of  damage, have  the carrier  note the  
  damage on both the delivery  receipt and the freight bill,  
  then notify your freight company representative so that the 
  necessary insurance claims can be initiated.
  
  After opening the shipping container, use the packing slip  
  to verify receipt  of the  individual items  listed on the  
  slip. Retain the shipping container and packing material for 
  possible later reuse should return of the equipment to the  
  factory or distributor be necessary.
  
  CAUTION: The ACB-232XD  like all  electronic equipment, is  
  static sensitive. Please take  the proper precautions when  
  handling the  board.  Keep  the  board  in  its conductive  
  wraPPing until it is ready to be configured and installed in 
  your system.
  
  2.4 ACB-2322D Board Layout
  
  The ACB-2322D is shown in Figure 2-1. This figure shows the 
  location of the controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and 
  connectors. Note that Pin 1 of the connectors is identified 
  by a square solder pad on the solder side of the board. The 
  dimensions of the board are:
  
  Width: 3.9 Inches
  Length:  8.0 Inches
  Height:  0.75 Inches
  
   --------------------------------------------------------------
		!                      1  				1						1										1													!
		!																						:::::  :::::  :::::::::: ::::::::::				!
		!	J6	1																		DR1				DR2			HD Control	FL Control				!
  !	J7 1																																																								!
  !				2																																																								!
  !				3																																																								!  
  !				4																																																								!
  !				5																																																								!
  !				6																																																								!
  !				7																																																								!
  !																																																													!
  !																																							1	2	3		1 	1	2	3			 			!
  !																																						 	J10		J11 	J12								!
  !																							1	2	3																																	!
  !																		     	J13																																		!
  ---------------------------------------------------------------

  
		J6  Not Used
  
  J7-1 Not Used
  J7-2 Logical Drive Splitting
      *Out=disabled
       In =enabled, drive 0 split into two logical drives if over 1024 cylinders
 	J7-3 Not Used
  J7-4 Not Used
  J7-5 Read Ahead Cache
      *Out=Enabled
       In =Disabled, no read ahead performed (e.g. with NetWare, UNIX/XENIX, and
                     OS/2 applications).
  J7-6 Not Used
  J7-7 Not Used

 	J10-1 Hard Disk Port Address
       *Out=1F0-1F7
        In =170-177 (most systems only support 1F0-1F7)
  J10-2 Floppy Disk Port Address
       *Out=3F0-3F7
        In =370-377 (most systems only support 3F0-3F7)
  J10-3 Floppy Disk Disable
       *Out=Floppy enabled
        In =Floppy disabled

  J11-1 Floppy Drive Speed
       *Out=Single speed
        In =Dual speed (this is generally never used)

  J12   BIOS Address
     BIOS ADDRESS      Jumper number
                        1    2    3

     *C8000            out  out  out
     	CC000            in   out  out
      D0000            out  in   out
      D4000            in   in   out
      Disabled         out  out  in
      D8000            in   out  in 
      DC000            out  in   in

  J13  Hardware Interrupt Select
			  *1-2 IRQ 14
      2-3 IRQ 15 (most systems only support IRQ 14)
   
             * = default jumper setting

   


2.5 System Requirements
  
  The ACB-232XD was designed to be installed in an IBM PC 
  AT-compatible personal computer; thus, it requires the same 
  system resources as the IBM AT hard disk controller.
  
           TABLE 2-1. ACB-232XD SYSTEM MEMORY MAP
_______________________________________________________________________________
    I/O Ports 
_______________________________________________________________________________ 
    Hard Disk       - Primary     1F0,1F1,1F2,1F3,1F4,1F5,1F6,1F7,3F6,3F7
                    - Secondary   170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,376,377
    
    *Floppy         - Primary     3F2,3F4,3F5,3F7
     Disk           - Secondary   372,374,375,377
  
    If the BIOS is enabled:
    BIOS Address    - Primary  16 Kbytes C8000H- CBFFFH
    Alternates                 16 Kbytes CC000H-CFFFFH
                               16 Kbytes DO000H-D3FFFH
                               16 Kbytes D4000H-D7FFFH
                               16 Kbytes D8000H-DBFFFH
                               16 Kbytes DC000H-DFFFFH
    
 
    SHADOW RAM locations use the upper 2 Kbytes of the BIOS address space. For 
    example:
             - Primary         2 bytes CB800H-CBFFFH
  
    The drive tables occupy 16 bytes each, for example:
             - Drive 0         16 bytes CB800H-CB80FH
             - Drive 1         16 bytes CB810H-CB81FH
   
The drive tables are pointed to by Int 41 and Int 46. 
______________________________________________________________________________  
  *ACB-2322D only
  
           TABLE 2-2. ACB-2322D POWER REQUIREMENTS
                          (Typical)
_______________________________________________________________________________
                              
           +5V Power ________________>   0.870 Amp
           -5V Power ________________>   Not Used
           +12V Power _______________>   Not Used 
           -12V Power _______________>   Not Used
_______________________________________________________________________________
                                     
           TABLE 2-3. ACB-2320D POWER REQUIREMENTS
                          (Typical)
  
           +5V Power ________________>   0.670 Amp
           -5V Power ________________>   Not Used
           +12V Power _______________>   Not Used
           -12V Power _______________>   Not Used
  
  
  CAUTION:  The  values  for  the  power  requirements  were   
  determined by actual measurements in an IBM PC AT while the 
  controller was reading a hard disk. If these values are to  
  be  used  to   design  the  controller   into  a  specific   
  application, at least 20% should  be added to these listed  
  values as a safety margin.
  
  
  2.6 Integration Into the System
  
  To install the Adaptec ACB-232XD board into your system, you 
  must first  configure  the  drive(s),  set  the controller  
  jumpers, and connect the drive cables properly. This section 
  describes all the necessary  steps to successfully install  
  this hardware.
  
  Step 1 Controller Jumper Setup and Definition
  
  Before the Adaptec ACB-232XD can be used, some initial setup 
  may be  required  for  special  applications.  Figure  2-1  
  defines, in detail,  connectors and jumper  blocks for the  
  ACB-2322D. 
  
  Step 2  Hard Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and Termination
  
  The drive changeable parameters  that must be  set are the  
  drive  selection  switches  (or  jumpers)  and  the  drive   
  termination. The drive selection switches and cabling select 
  the address (drive addresses 0-3)  to which the drive will  
  respond. This is accomplished either by setting both drives 
  to be the second lowest address and using a twisted 34-pin  
  cable, or by  setting the drive  addresses to 0  and 1 and  
  using a flat cable.
  
  A. Twisted 34-Pin Cable 
  
  The typical AT 34-pin cable  has three connectors. Between  
  the first (middle) drive  connector (for drive  D) and the  
  second drive connector (for drive C) wires 25 through 29 are 
  twisted, thus inverting the drive selection wires. This type 
  of twisted cable  allows both  drives to  have their drive  
  selection switches (or jumpers) to be the same. Both drives 
  must be  set  to  the  SECOND  lowest  drive  address. The  
  controller will see the two drives to be drive 0 and drive 
  1, depending on the position of the connector that is used.
  
  
  B. Flat 34-Pin Cable
  
  In some cases a  34-pin flat (non-twisted)  cable is used.  
  This cable does not  invert the drive  selection wires but  
  relies on the drive addresses to be unique for each drive.  
  Now drive  0 must  have its  drive selection  switches (or  
  jumpers) set to be the lowest drive address (typically 0).  
  Drive 1 must have its selection switches (or jumpers) set to 
  be the  second  lowest drive  address  (typically  1). The  
  controller will see the two drives to be drive 0 and drive 
  1, independent of  the position  on the  connector that is  
  used. 
  
  C. Terminator
  
  Before the drives can be cabled to the controller, the drive 
  cable terminator must  be properly set.  The terminator is  
  used  to  reduce  signal  "ringing"  in  the  cables.  The   
  terminator, as its name implies, must be at the end of each 
  cable in order to have the controller and drive communicate 
  properly. The controller has  a permanent terminator built  
  into it. The disk drives, since they can be connected in a 
  daisy-chain configuration, have a removable terminator. This 
  is usually a  16-pin DIP  resistor package  located on the  
  drive PCB. The last physical drive in the chain must always 
  have its terminator installed. When two drives are connected 
  to the same controller, only the last one in the daisy chain 
  is terminated. The  other drive  must have  the terminator  
  resistor removed.
  
  Now select the proper drive addresses and remove or install 
  the required terminators for your system.
  
  Step 3 (ACB-2322D Only) Floppy Disk Cabling, Drive Selection 
  and Termination
  
  The  typical  AT  34-pin  floppy   disk  cable  has  three   
  connectors. Between the first (middle) drive connector (for 
  drive B) and the second drive connector (for drive A) wires 
  10 through  16  are  twisted,  thus  inverting  the  drive  
  selection wires. This  type of  twisted cable  allows both  
  drives to have their drive selection switches (or jumpers)  
  to be the same. Both drives must be set to the SECOND lowest 
  drive address (typically 1 since floppy drives are addressed 
  as 0-3). The controller will see the two drives to be drive 
  0 and drive 1, depending on  the position of the connector  
  that is used.
  
  Termination of the floppy  disk drives is  the same as the  
  hard disk drives in step 2. 
                               
                               
  
  Step 4 Mounting the Drives and Controller in the PC AT
  
  Now that the drives and controller are configured, they can 
  be connected and installed in the system.
  
  The controller has four cable  connectors: J2, J3, J4, and  
  J5. Their function, suggested  connector plugs and maximum  
  cable length are described in Table 2-4.
  
  
    TABLE 2-4. ACB-232XD CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS
________________________________________________________________________________
Connector  Signals  Cable 
_______________________________________________________________________________

J5   Control/Data  34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both floppy drives 0
                   and 1.
J3      Data       20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to ESDI drive 0.
J2      Data       20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to ESDI drive 1.
J4      Control    34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both ESDI drives 1
                   and 2.
  
______________________________________________________________________________  
     Connector    Recommended Plug   Maximum Length
______________________________________________________________________________
  
        J5        3M Part #3414      20 feet (6 meters)
        J3        3M Part #3421      20 feet (6 meters)
        J2        3M Part #3421      20 feet (6 meters)
        J4        3M Part #3414      20 feet (6 meters)
________________________________________________________________________________
  
  Attach the cables to the  controller, making sure that the  
  pin 1  indicator  on  the  cable  goes  to  pin  1  on the  
  controller. 
  
  Now the controller must be  installed into a 16-bit slot  on the PC AT  
  motherboard. Next, mount the drive(s) in any available drive bay in the 
  AT. Consult your  PC AT owner's  manual for details  of performing the  
  installation of options into  the motherboard expansion  slots and for  
  instructions on mounting a hard disk and floppy disk in the system. 
  
  
  Note: During disk initialization, if your system motherboard 
  supports shadowing of optional ROM BIOS's, you need to 
  disable the shadowing of the Adaptec ACB-232XD ESDI 
  controller BIOS. This is done through your system set up 
  routine. After disk initialization, enable the shadowing of 
  optional ROM BIOS's.
  
  NOTE: If your system has a VGA Monitor with Video RAM 
  Shadowing, you may have to move the Adaptec base BIOS 
  address from C8000 to CC000 by altering Jumper J12.

  
  
  
  3.1 Introduction
  
  To prepare a new hard disk for use, you must complete the 
  primary-format and then install your operating system.
  
  First, the primary-format is done using Adaptec's built-in 
  BIOS. The procedure is described in this chapter, first with 
  a flowchart, then with details describing the actual menu 
  screens. If you run into problems while attempting to 
  perform this installation, please refer to Chapter 4, 
  Troubleshooting.


  3.2 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION FLOWCHART
  
  
  
  
  

                           [Picture]

  3.3 ADAPTEC ACB-232XD PRIMARY-FORMAT PROCEDURE FOR HARD DISK 
      DRIVES
  
  Step 1:  Setting up the PC AT configuration RAM 
  
  After you have completed the hardware installation of your 
  ACB-232XD and hard disk drive, turn the system power switch 
  on. Boot from the PC AT diagnostics diskette or any diskette 
  that contains software for configuring the PC AT SETUP 
  parameters (CMOS RAM).
  
  Note: When booting the PC AT with an UNFORMATTED hard disk 
  installed, the system may report a "1790" disk failure. 
  Ignore the message, press F1 to continue.
  
  Invoke the SETUP RAM configuration software (i.e., option 
  four in the IBM PC AT diagnostics program). Then follow the 
  SETUP program's menu to set up your system for one or two 
  hard disks. Be sure to choose drive types that are a subset 
  of the actual disk parameters. The number of cylinders 
  indicated by the drive type specified must be less than the 
  actual number of cylinders on your drive. For example, with 
  the IBM PC AT, use drive type 1 (smallest available drive 
  type) regardless of the actual drive configuration. This is 
  necessary for proper operation of the PC AT power-on 
  diagnostics.
  
  After the PC AT internal configuration has been set up, 
  reboot the system with DOS Version 3.0 or higher.
  
  Step 2:  Use DEBUG to enter the Adaptec Disk Preparation 
  Program 
  
  Put a disk with a copy of DOS' DEBUG program into the floppy 
  drive and invoke the program by typing DEBUG at the DOS 
  prompt, then press return. At the debug prompt, type 
  G=C800:5 and press return. This will invoke Adaptec's Disk 
  Preparation Program.
  
  Step 3: Read the ESDI Drive Parameters
  
  Select Option 1 to primary-format the first drive. If the 
  drive has been previously formatted with an ACB-232XD 
  controller, the saved cylinder and head count will be 
  displayed. With an unformatted drive, the number of 
  cylinders, heads and sectors are read from the ESDI drive. 
  If the values are not correct, type N, exit the program and 
  check your ESDI drive jumper settings.
  
  An example of what you will see on the screen for a brand 
  new drive is shown below.
  
  Note: One cylinder on the drive is reserved for use by the 
  controller. The controller automatically subtracts this 
  cylinder from the total number of available cylinders on the 
  drive.
  
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      A>DEBUG  <CR>
      -G=C800:5 <CR>
  
      Adaptec Disk Preparation Program  V 3.1
      Copyright (c) 1989 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved.
      Choose:   1- to primary-format drive 0
                2 - to primary-format drive 1
                3 - for the special-options menu
                q - to quit this program
  
      Enter your selection : 1 
  
      Drive 0 has XXX cylinders, X heads, XX sectors
           Are the above correct (Y/N): [Y]
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  
  Step 4:  Choose to ERASE or NOT ERASE the Adaptec Saved Defect List 
  
  If your drive was previously formatted with Adaptec's 
  ACB-232XD, the saved defect list will now be displayed. 
  Normally do not erase the saved defect list. If you choose 
  to erase, perhaps because a previous error has resulted in a 
  false defect map, then the Adaptec saved list will be 
  erased. The ESDI drive manufacturer's list is not erased.
  
  Step 5:  Enter Any More Defects
  
  Next, the program will prompt you for the drive defect 
  format. If you have no additional defect locations to enter, 
  then select Option 1. Otherwise, choose the defect format 
  that matches the list of defects you wish to enter.
  
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
           Saved defect list (cyl/physical sector) :
           Surface 0:
                          XXXX/XX    XXXX/XX
      Do you want to ERASE saved defect list (Y/N) ? N 
      Please specify the format of additional defects:
           1 - No Additional Defects
           2 - Cyl/Head/RLL byte offset
           3 - Head/Cyl/RLL byte offset
           4 - Cyl/Head/Logical Sector  
  
      Enter your selection : 1 
      Press <RETURN> to enter defects from the console, or 
      type the defect file name :
      Enter defect at the * prompt, (a blank line will end 
      the list) :
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
  
  If you have entered a defect list, it will be displayed on 
  the screen for you to verify. Note that the defect locations 
  have been translated into cylinder/physical sector format. 
  Surface numbers correspond to head numbers. (Choice 4 
  CYL/HD/LOGICAL sector, only appears with a previously 
  formatted drive. This allows the user to add "grown" defects 
  at a later date.)
  
  Step 6:  Select Interleave Factor 
  
  Now select an interleave by typing the desired interleave 
  factor (1 to 12) and pressing return. An interleave factor 
  of one is the default. 
  
  Step 7:  Allow a Spare Sector for Defects?
  
  For example, if an ESDI format has 36 sectors on a track, 
  this option formats with 35 sectors and uses the 36th sector 
  as a spare. When one sector must be marked bad due to a 
  surface defect, the spare is used instead. Then the drive 
  appears error-free to the operating system. However, 1/36th 
  of the drive capacity is not used. Normally, you will want 
  to take the default [N].
  
  Step 8: Primary Format the Drive, Automatic Data 
  Verification and Automatic Flagging of Bad Sectors 
  
  Check to be sure that all of the parameters that you have 
  entered are correct, then enter Y to continue. Enter Y to 
  primary format the drive. The controller will now perform 
  the primary format. The program formats the drive from high 
  cylinder to low cylinder, marking the defects as bad 
  sectors. After formatting each track, the program will write 
  and verify the track with worst case data patterns. Any 
  defective sectors found during this write/verify process 
  that are not in the defect list will be added to the defect 
  list. The same track is reformatted with the newly found 
  defective sectors marked bad. The track is then written and 
  again verified against defects. The process is repeated for 
  every track on the drive. ECC retries are disabled during 
  this verification.
  
  When the controller has finished formatting the drive, you 
  should see "Primary-Format complete!" displayed at the 
  bottom of the screen, indicating a successful format. An 
  example of what you should see on the screen is shown below.
  
  Note: If the format operation does not complete properly, 
  (i.e., Primary-Format complete! is not displayed after 
  formatting) see Chapter 4, Troubleshooting.
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      Total defect list (cyl/sector) :
      
      Surface 0:
                     145/10 208/28 (for example)
      Surface 1:
                 
      Surface 2:
  
      Surface 3:
      Interleave (1 to 12) : [1]
      Allow a spare-sector for defects (y/n) : [n]
                 
      Ready to primary-format the drive. All data in it will be lost!!
  
      Continue (Y/N)? [Y]
  
      Formatting and verifying drive ...
  
      Head XX Cyl XXXX
______________________________________________________________________________  
|                  Primary-Format complete !                                 |
|____________________________________________________________________________|
|                                                                            |
|         Now select q to quit, and go to your Operating System installation |
|         (e.g. DOS FDISK and FORMAT)                                        |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  
  Step 9:  Choose [q] to quit Adaptec's Primary-Format 
  program.
  
  Step 10: Next, the operating system must be installed. For 
  most users, this consists of running the *DOS programs FDISK 
  and FORMAT. DOS 4.0, OS/2, SCO XENIX and ISC UNIX have menus 
  that guide the user through their installation. Refer to the 
  vendor's manual for help with installing your operating 
  system.
  
  * Note: DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 have a limit of 32 MB per 
    drive. DOS 3.3 allows a large drive to be split into 24, 32 
    MB partitions. DOS 4.0 and DOS 4.01 allow partitions to be 
    larger than 32 Mbytes.
  
  
  3.4 SPECIAL OPTIONS
  
  There are several special technical options built into the 
  ACB-232XD controller. These features are not used by most 
  users, but are of interest to those with unusual 
  applications. The special option menu is accessed by 
  selecting choice 3 from the main menu.
  
  The following menu will come up:
  
  Choose 1 - to enable 17-Sector translation
         2 - to enable 63-Sector translation
         3 - to disable translations
         q - to return to main menu
  
  Each choice is described below.
  
  Choices 1, 2 and 3 turn on and off two different translation 
  modes. After any translation option is changed, a flag in 
  the partition table is changed to make any previous 
  partitions unusable. This means that any previous data on 
  the drive will become inaccessible. The operating system 
  must be re-installed onto the selected drive each time a 
  translation option is changed. The primary-format does not 
  need to be re-done.
  
  Choice 1: 17-Sector Translation
  
  Choice 1 allows ESDI formats to look like a 17-Sector 
  format. This is useful for programs, such as older versions 
  of Novell Netware, that only use 17 sectors per track.
  
  Note: This option does NOT mean you can use an MFM drive 
  with this controller. Only ESDI certified drives should be 
  run on the ACB-232XD.
  
  To get 17-Sector translation, answer these questions on the 
  screen.
  
  Translate drive 0 or 1? : 0
  
  Enable translation on drive (0)? (Y/N) : Y 
  
  Drive (0) is now in 17-Sector translation mode!
  
  Choice 2: 63-Sector Translation
  
  DOS uses Int 13 from the AT BIOS and has a limit of 1024 
  cylinders per drive. This option will allow use of drives 
  with more than 1024 cylinders, up to *528 MB capacity. The 
  drive parameters are translated to a 63-Sector equivalent.
  
  Enable translation for drives larger than 1024 cylinders by 
  answering the following questions on the screen.
  
  Translate drive 0 or 1? : 0
  
  Enable translation on drive (0)? (Y/N) : Y
  
  Drive (0) is now in 63-Sector translation mode!
  
  Choice 3: Disable Translation
  
  This option disables any translation mode currently in 
  effect on your drive.
  
  Answer these questions to disable translation.
  
  Disable translation on drive 0 or 1? : 0
  
  Disable translation on drive (0) now? (Y/N) : Y
  
  * For drives larger than 528 MB, install a jumper on 
  position 2 of J7 to enable drive splitting.
  
  
  4.1 Introduction
  
  This section describes the procedures needed to troubleshoot 
  problems  that  may  arise  when  installing  the  Adaptec   
  ACB-232XD controller  board. These  are the  most commonly  
  found problems and are not inclusive of every application.
  
  CAUTION: When troubleshooting problems, use the most basic  
  system configuration; That is, one  hard disk drive on the  
  ACB-232XD and all other devices  such as printers, modems,  
  etc.  removed.  Once  the  system   works  for  the  basic   
  configuration, add drives and devices to the system one at a 
  time and retest after each addition.
  
  If these procedures fail to give a solution to your problem, 
  recheck your steps,  read the entire  manual, document the  
  problem, and check  with the  technical support department  
  where you bought the controller.
  
  4.2 Adaptec ACB-232XD Troubleshooting Checklist
  
  _ Gets a 1790 at boot-up
    A 1790  Error is  normal for  an unformatted  drive. Just  
    press F1 to continue.
  
  _ Long boot time
    Some PC AT  systems may continue to  retry booting to the  
    hard drive even though it has not been formatted yet. You 
    will have to allow this re-trying to continue  for up to 
    two minutes before  the system will  boot to  the floppy 
    drive. Then  you can  proceed  to Debug  and format  the  
    drive.
  
  _ Can't read floppy or boot to A (2322D only)
    Check  floppy  cables; be  sure  J5 goes  to  both floppy  
    drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected 
    to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one  drive is being used, 
    only the last connector  on the twisted cable  should be 
    used. A floppy cable has wires 10-16 twisted between the 
    two drive connectors.
  
  _ Recal error, or no drive attached error
    Check the drive select jumper on hard disk drive; be sure 
    that it is correctly set  for the type of cable  you are 
    using (See Section 2.7)
  
    Be sure J3  goes to Drive 0,  J2 goes to  Drive 1, and J4  
    goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller 
    is connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is 
    being used, only J3 and J4 should be used. 
  
  _ Incorrect drive parameters
    ESDI  drives  have  jumpers for  "number  of  sectors per  
    track" and for "bytes per sector", also for hard or soft 
    sectoring. Consult your drive vendor for proper settings 
    of these jumpers. Do not use soft sectoring.
  
  _ Miscellaneous errors, or no format routine
    Check jumpers on controller.
  
  _ Excessive defects, or fails to format
    Make sure  the drive  is ESDI  certified. Check  with the  
    manufacturer.
  
  _ Won't boot to C
    Check to  see that  the SETUP  program and CMOS  RAM show  
    drive type 1 is selected.
  
  _ Intermittent operation errors; or Read/Write errors
    Check that the  terminator on each  drive is set properly  
    (see Section 2.6)
  
    Check that the power supply can support the added current  
    required by the  drive. Be  sure that  the +5V and  +12V 
    voltages          are          correct.          Consult          
    with the  drive  vendor  for  the  correct  drive  power  
    requirements.
  
  _ If none of  the above steps cure  the problem, then swap  
    out components in this order:
    Replace the cables with a known-good set of cables.
    Swap the drive with a known-good drive.
    Swap the 232XD controller with another 232XD controller.
  
  Adaptec maintains a bulletin board for information and questions.
  Call (408) 945-7727 by modem.

4.3 Controller Error Codes
  
  Tables 4-1 through 4-5 specify class 00, 01, 02, 03, and 04 
  error codes which may  be returned by  the ACB-232XD. Note  
  that the most significant bit (the address valid bit) of the 
  one-byte error code may be set in some cases. Thus, 80-8F,  
  90-9F, A0-AF,  B0-BF,  and  C0-CF  are  also  valid errors  
  corresponding to error codes 00-0F, 10-1F, 20-2F, 30-3F, and 
  40-4F, respectively.
  
       table 4-1. class 00 error codes (drive errors)
_______________________________________________________________________________
             Code         Error
________________________________________________________________________________

               00         No Error Occurred During Last Command
               01         No Index Signal Found
               02         No Seek Complete Found
               03         Write Fault Found
               04         Drive Not Ready
               05         - Not Assigned-_
               06         No Track 00 Signal
               07         - Not Assigned -
               08         Seek Operation Not Yet Complete
               09         - Not Assigned -
               0A         - Not Assigned -
               0B         ESDI Interface Fault
               0C         ESDI Seek Fault
               0D         ESDI Parity Error
               0E         Bad ESDI Configuration
               0F         - Not Assigned -
______________________________________________________________________________

    table 4-2. class 01 error codes (data recover errors)
_______________________________________________________________________________
                              
             Code         Error
               10        ID ECC Error
               11        Uncorrectable Data ECC Error Found
               12        ID Address Mark Not Found (sector not found)
               13        Data Address Mark Not Found
               14        Sector Not Found (no ID errors found)
               15        Seek Error (wrong cylinder)
               16        No ID AM and ID ECC error (sector not found)
               17        - Not Assigned -
               18        Corrected ECC Error(s)
               19        Access to Sector Flagged As Bad
               1A        Format Error Detected
               1B-1F     - Not Assigned -
                               

______________________________________________________________________________
                                 
   table 4-3. class 02 error codes (system-related errors)
______________________________________________________________________________
                               
         Code          Error
           20      Invalid Command
           21      Illegal Parameter (cyl., head, sector)
           22      - Not Assigned -
           23      Cylinder Overflow (during command)
           24      Format Command With the Wrong Number of Sectors Per Track
         25-2F     - Not Assigned -
  
______________________________________________________________________________

        table 4-4. class 03 error codes (diagnostics errors)
______________________________________________________________________________
                               
         Code          Error
           30      Internal CPU RAM Failed
           31      Controller ROM Checksum Error
           32      ECC Diagnostic Failed
           33      SERDES RAM Failed
           34      Disk Buffer RAM Failed
           35      Buffer Controller Registers Failed
           36      Drive Interface IC Failed
           37      Host Interface IC Failed
           38      CPU Self-Test Failed
         39-3F     - Not Assigned -
  
______________________________________________________________________________
                               
              table 4-5. class 04 error codes 
                 (timeouts and misC. errors)
______________________________________________________________________________
                               
         Code          Error
           40      Data Time-Out
           41      Format Time-Out
           42      SERDES Time-Out
           43      Selection Time-Out
  
4.4 BIOS Error Codes
  
  Table 4-6 specifies error codes that may be returned during 
  format or verify.
______________________________________________________________________________
  
                 table 4-6. bios error codes
______________________________________________________________________________
                               
          Code          Error
           01      Bad Command Passed to Disk I/O
           02      Address Mark Not Found
           04      Requested Sector Not Found
           05      Reset Failed
           07      Drive Parameter Activity Failed
           09      Attempt to DMA Across 64K Boundary
           0A      Access to Bad Sector
           0B      Bad Track Flag Detected
           10      Bad ECC on Disk Read
           11      ECC Corrected Data Error
           20      Controller Timeout
           40      Seek Operation Failed
           80      Attachment Failed to Respond
           BB      Undefined Error Occurred
           FF      Sense Operation Failed
______________________________________________________________________________
  

nd  C0-CF  are  also  valid errors  
  correspond
