<< 8-3-89 12:00 NOON VERSION >>
ACB-2372A USERS MANUAL


Section                                            Page

1.0   INTRODUCTION                                 1-1a
1.1   Scope and Purpose of Manual                  1-1
1.2   Reference Documents                          1-1
1.3   Overview of Product                          1-1
1.4   Hardware and Software Requirements           1-4

2.0   HARDWARE INSTALLATION                        2-1
2.1   Introduction                                 2-1
2.2   Environmental Requirements                   2-1
2.3   Unpacking Procedure                          2-1
2.4   ACB-2372 Board Layout                        2-2
2.5   ACB-2370 Board Layout                        2-3
2.6   System Requirements                          2-4
2.7   Integration Into the System                  2-6

3.0   SOFTWARE INSTALLATION                        3-1
3.1   Introduction                                 3-1
3.2   Software Installation Flowchart              3-1
3.3   Format Procedure for a Single Hard Disk Drive3-7

4.0   TROUBLESHOOTING                              4-1
4.1   Introduction                                 4-1
4.2   Adaptec ACB-237X Troubleshooting Checklist   4-2
4.3   Controller Error Codes                       4-3
4.4   BIOS Error Codes                             4-7

5.0   APPENDICES                                   A-1
I.    Installing SCO Xexix                         A-1
II.   Installing ISC UNIX                          A-2
III.  Installing OS/2                              A-3
IV.   Installing Novell 2.0A                       A-5
V.    Installing Novell 2.1                        A-7
VI.   Adaptec Autoconfiguration                    A-10
VII.  Driver and Operating System Support          A-12
VIII. Using More Than 1024 Cylinders               A-14

LIST OF TABLES
                                             Table Page
2-1   ACB-237X System Memory Map                    2-4
2-2   ACB-2372 Controller Power Requirements        2-5
2-3   ACB-2370 Controller Power Requirements        2-5
2-4   ACB-2372 Controller Jumper Definitions        2-6
2-5   ACB-2370 Controller Jumper Definitions        2-8
2-6   ACB-2372 Controller Connector Definitions    2-15
2-7   ACB-2370 Controller Connector Definitions    2-15
4-1   Class 00 Error Codes (Drive Errors)           4-4
4-2   Class 01 Error Codes (Data Recovery Errors)   4-5
4-3   Class 02 Error Codes (System-Related Errors)  4-6
4-4   Class 03 Error Codes (Diagnostics Errors)     4-6
4-5   Class 04 Error Codes (Timeouts and Misc. Errors)4-7
4-6   BIOS Error Codes                                4-7


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure                                                Page
2-1   ACB-2372 Board Layout                           2-2
2-2   ACB-2370 Board Layout                           2-3
2-3   ACB-2372 Controller and Drive Cabling-Twisted    
      Cable (Hard Disk Cables)                        2-11
2-4   ACB-2372 Controller and Drive Cabling-Flat Cable 
      (Hard Disk Cables)                              2-12
2-5   ACB-2370 Controller and Drive Cabling-Twisted    
      Cable (Hard Disk Cables)                        2-13
2-6   ACB-2370 Controller and Drive Cabling-Flat Cable 
      Hard Disk Cables                                2-14



1.1   Scope and Purpose of Manual

The purpose of this manual is to guide the system integrator through 
a successful installation of Adaptec's ACB-237X board. This includes 
both hardware and software installation, as well as basic troubleshooting 
information.

1.2   Reference Documents

IBM PC AT Guide to Operations Manual
IBM DOS Reference Manual Version 3.0 or Higher
IBM PC AT Technical Reference Manual
Appropriate Disk Drive User's Manual


1.3   Overview of Product

The Adaptec ACB-2372 is a high-performance 2,7 RLL Hard Disk and Floppy 
Disk Controller for the IBM PC AT and equivalent personal computers. The 
ACB-2370 is a 2,7 RLL Hard Disk Controller. The ACB-237X controllers are 
software and hardware compatible with the IBM PC AT hard disk controller 
interface.

The Adaptec ACB-2372 2,7 RLL Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Controller and 
ACB-2370 Hard Disk Controller have the following features:

IBM hardware compatible.  Plugs directly into AT bus compatible systems 
without modification. Register (port) compatible to the IBM AT controller, 
giving true compatibility.
 
IBM software compatible.  Runs all software, without change, that runs on 
the IBM AT controller. Runs software that communicates through the AT system
BIOS or directly to the controller registers, thus, the highest  AT 
compatibility  is achieved. 

Supports two 2,7 run-length limited (RLL) qualified ST-412/506 drives. Runs
High Performance 7.5 MHz RLL drives from all major RLL manufacturers. 
Supports two drives that have different capacities, different access times 
and different manufacturers without controller modification. Drives with up
to 16 heads and 4096 cylinders are supported by the controller through the 
registers, 1024 cylinders via INT 13.  Provides both the highest capacity 
and highest performance.

Can support more than 1024 cylinders under DOS. A built-in partition driver 
allows use of drives with more than 1024 cylinders under DOS. Breaks the DOS
INT 13 limit. See Appendix VIII for details.

Highest AT 2,7 RLL performance. The combination of non-interleaved operation,
low controller overhead, and 26 sectors per track give the ACB-237X the
highest transfer rate available today. This is from 700 Kilobytes per second
to as high as 750 Kilobytes per second data transfer depending on system 
configuration, thus the highest system performance in multitrack data 
transfers.

Non-interleaved operation.  This gives the ability to read one track of 
data in one disk revolution, the maximum rate that the drive can give data 
to the controller. This provides the fastest controller/drive performance.

Most accurate 2,7 RLL data separator. The AIC-6225 Data Separator chip used
in all Adaptec 2,7 RLL designs has the smallest data separator window margin
in the industry. For the ACB-237X, the window margin is 3.3 nanoseconds 
compared to 6-10 nanoseconds for the competition. This insures the hightest 
data reliability for your valuable data.

Optional on-board Adaptec ACB-BIOS. This provides the most functionality of 
any AT controller. The copyrighted ACB-BIOS contains the low level format, 
defect management, data verification, autoconfiguration of any drive without 
changing AT system BIOS, large disk partitioning and DOS device driver. The 
ACB-BIOS functions are also accessible by your customized redirected I/O 
drive configuration program.

ACB-BIOS low-level primary format. This provides the ability on the controller 
to format the drive without the need of  system diagnostics or changing the 
AT system BIOS. 

ACB-BIOS ability to add grown defects, save and protect all defect lists.  
This gives the ability to run additional defect tests and add the defects 
to those the manufacturer found. Also the controller saves and protects both
the manufacturer's and grown lists from accidental erasure, thus the highest 
data reliability.

ACB-BIOS sector-level defect mapping. This flags a sector on the disk to be
unusable and reports to the operating system its location, giving system 
level data integrity.

ACB-BIOS data verification using worst case data patterns. This tests the 
disk with the worst possible combinations of data before valuable user 
data is placed on the disk. This provides the highest data reliability.

ACB-BIOS autoconfiguration of any 2,7 RLL drive, not in AT system BIOS. This 
allows any 2,7 RLL drive to be formatted and used without changing the AT
system BIOS drive tables. This simplifies the cumbersome task of changing 
EPROM drive tables to add 2,7 RLL. The controller writes the drive parameters 
onto the drive during format and reads them on power up. This is ideal for 
field upgrades since the controller does not need to be hardware configured 
to the specific drive. This achieves the highest drive flexibility possible. 

ACB-BIOS large disk logical partitioning. Since many 2,7 RLL drives are 
greater than the 32 MB limitation set by DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2,  this allows 
you to divide the drive into volumes of any size up to 32 MB each. Up to 16
volumes can be defined on one drive or 24 volumes on two drives, maximizing 
the drive capacity under a DOS environment.

ACB-BIOS downloadable DOS driver. The ACB-BIOS has a device driver that is
downloaded to a floppy. This allows access to the 16 or 24 32 MB volumes 
defined by the Large Disk Logical Partitioning. This gives all of the 
software necessary to go beyond 32 MB right on the controller, thus reducing 
your support and  eliminating the need to write a device driver.

XT height board.  This allows use in both XT and AT height machines, thus 
giving you flexibility in choosing your  machine's enclosure. 

High component integration using Adaptec ICs. Adaptec is committed to IC
developement in order to integrate and to reduce the price of both boards 
and ICs. Adaptec's ICs are used in all Adaptec boards and in most integrated 
drives on the market; therefore, Adaptec components are proven in reliability 
and in high volume production.   

Use of surface mount technology. Adaptec is committed to the leading edge 
of technology. Surface Mount Technology allows greater functionality in
smaller spaces, as well as higher reliability.

The ACB-2372 has these additional features:

Support of two IBM AT-type floppy disk drives.  Compatible with the most 
popular IBM floppy capacities. This includes 360 KB and 1.2 MB floppy 
capacities for 5 1/4" floppy compatibility. Also supports 3 1/2" floppies 
that use the 5 1/4" floppy drive interface.

Analog floppy data separator. This gives much higher data integrity than 
digital data separators. Thus floppy data reliability and data 
retrievability are improved over previous AT floppy controllers.

1.4 Hardware and Software Requirements

The Adaptec ACB-2372 Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Controller has been 
designed to run in IBM PC AT-compatible computers 
that do not have a separate or embedded floppy disk controller.

The Adaptec ACB-2370 Hard Disk Controller has been designed to run in
IBM PC AT-compatible computers that have a separate or embedded floppy
disk controller.

In order to install an Adaptec ACB-237X into an IBM PC AT-compatible
computer, the following configuration is required:

1.ACB-2372: IBM PC AT-compatible computer without floppy disk controller. 
ACB-2370: IBM PC AT-compatible computer with floppy disk controller.

Note: Compatible computers are defined to have I/O bus speeds of 6 MHz
with one I/O wait state, 8 MHz with one I/O wait state or 10 MHz with two
I/O wait states. I/O bus speed is not the same as CPU or memory speeds.
For example, a 16 MHz 286 or 386 machine typically runs the I/O bus at
8 MHz with one I/O wait state.

2.PC or MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher. System and supplemental program
diskettes.  

The ACB-237X will also run with non-DOS operating systems and networks.
Please refer to the appendix for operation with Interactive System
Unix V/386, SCO Xenix V.2.x , Novell NetWare 2.x, OS/2 and other operating
systems.

3.A "set-up" diskette that allows the PC AT-compatible computer's
configuration RAM to be set up (such as the diagnostics diskette IBM
supplies with its PC ATs.)

4.Adaptec ACB-2372 hard disk and floppy disk controller or ACB-2370
hard disk controller.

5.A 2,7 RLL qualified Winchester disk drive (Ask your drive manufacturer
if your drive is qualified for 2,7 RLL data encoding).

6.5 1/4" or 3 1/2" floppy disk drive.

7.20- and 34-pin flat or twisted ribbon cables for hard disk.

8.34-pin twisted ribbon cable for floppy disk.



2.2.1 Introduction

This section describes the steps necessary to install the ACB-237X board
into the computer. First, the operating environment, unpacking procedure
and board layout are described. This section also describes the integration
of the drive and controller into the computer.

2.2.2 Environmental Requirements

The ACB-237X will perform properly over the following range of conditions:

Operating Storage

Temperature:0 to 55C (32 to 131 F) -40 to 75C (-8 to 167F)
Humidity (Noncondensing):0% to 95% 10% to 95%
Altitude (Feet):Sea level to 10,000 Sea level to 20,000
MTBF (Hours): 20,000 at 55C


2.2.3 Unpacking Procedure

The carrier is responsible for damage incurred during shipment. In case
of damage, have the carrier note the damage on both the delivery receipt
and the freight bill, then notify your freight company representative so
that the necessary insurance claims can be initiated.

After opening the shipping container, use the packing slip to verify receipt
of the individual items listed on the slip. Retain the shipping container
and packing material for possible later reuse should return of the equipment
to the factory or distributor be necessary.

CAUTION: The ACB-237X like all electronic equipment, is static sensitive.
Please take the proper precautions when handling the board. Keep the board
in its conductive wrapping until it is ready to be configured and installed
in your system.

2.2.4 ACB-2372 Board Layout

The ACB-2372 is shown in Figure 2-1. This figure shows the location of the
controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and connectors. Note that Pin 1 of
the connectors is identified by a square solder pad on the solder side of
the board. The dimensions of the board are:

Width: 3.9 Inches
Length: 13.0 Inches
Height: 0.75 Inches


FIGURE 2-1.  BOARD LAYOUT

2.2.5 ACB-2370 Board Layout

The ACB-2370 is shown in Figure 2-2. This figure shows the location of the
controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and connectors. Note that Pin 1 of
the connectors is identified by a square solder pad on the solder side of
the board. The dimensions of the board are:

Width: 3.9 Inches
Length: 8.0 Inches
Height: 0.75 Inches


FIGURE 2-2.  BOARD LAYOUT

2.2.6 System Requirements

The ACB-237X was designed to be installed in an IBM PC AT-compatible
personal computer; thus, it requires the same system resources as the IBM
AT hard disk controller.

TABLE 2-1.  ACB-237X SYSTEM MEMORY MAP
I/O Ports 
Hard Disk - Primary 1F0,1F1,1F2,1F3,1F4,1F5,1F6,1F7,3F6,3F7
- Secondary 170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,376,377

*Floppy Disk - Primary 3F0,3F1,3F2,3F3,3F4,3F5
- Secondary 370,371,372,373,374,375

If the BIOS is enabled:
BIOS Address - Primary 16 Kbytes from C8000H through CBFFFH
- Secondary 16 Kbytes CC000H through CFFFFH
Temporary Drive
Parameters Table Interrupt locations 60H through 67H
* ACB-2372 only
Drive Power

The IBM PC AT internal power supply does have sufficient current to power
most hard disk drives in addition to its present load. Check with your drive
vendor for an accurate estimate of its specific power requirements.

TABLE 2-2.  ACB-2372 POWER REQUIREMENTS
(Typical)

+5V Power ________________>1.5 Amp
-5V Power ________________>Not Used
+12V Power _______________>130mA
-12V Power  ______________>50mA


TABLE 2-3.  ACB-2370 POWER REQUIREMENTS
(Typical)


+5V Power ________________>1.5 Amp
-5V Power ________________>Not Used
+12V Power _______________>Not Used
-12V Power  ______________>Not Used


CAUTION: The values for the power requirements were determined by actual
measurements in an IBM PC AT while the controller was reading a hard disk.
If these values are to be used to design the controller into a specific
application, at least 20% should be added to these listed values as a 
safety margin.

2.2.7 Integration Into the System

To install the Adaptec ACB-237X board into your system you must first
configure the drive(s), set the controller jumpers and connect the drive
cables properly. This section describes all of the necessary steps to
successfully install this hardware.

Step 1  Controller Jumper Setup and Definition

Check that the jumpers are set correctly for your application. Table 2-4
and 2-5 defines, in detail, connectors and jumper blocks.

TABLE 2-4.  ACB-2372 CONTROLLER JUMPER DEFINITIONS

Note:  Jumper positions and pin numbers are defined from left to right,
or top to bottom, where applicable per Figure 2-1. An asterisk (*) denotes
jumpers that are installed for a standard configuration.

J1 Floppy Disk control and data cable (34-pin), Both drives
J2 Hard disk control cable (34-pin), Both drives
J3 Hard disk data cable (20-pin), First drive (Drive 1)
J4 Hard disk data cable (20-pin), Second drive (Drive 2)
J5 Drive activity LED - Pins 1,4 are +5 Volts, Pins 2,3 are Signal Ground
J6 Manufacturing Test Points
J7 Manufacturing Test Points
J8 Manufacturing Test Points
J9 Manufacturing Test Points
J10 Manufacturing Test Points
J11 Manufacturing Test Points
J12 Adaptec ACB-BIOS address selection
*Position 1 and 2 Jumpered for BIOS address C8000 - CBFFF
 Position 2 and 3 Jumpered for BIOS address CC000 - CFFFF
 No jumper ACB-BIOS disabled
 Note:  Install only one jumper on J12. No jumper should be installed
if ACB-BIOS Disabled.

TABLE 2-4.  ACB-2372 CONTROLLER JUMPER DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Note:  Jumper positions and pin numbers are defined from left to right,
or top to bottom, where applicable per Figure 2-1. An asterisk (*)
denotes jumpers that are installed for a standard configuration.
J13 Manufacturing Test Points
J14 BOARD CONFIGURATION JUMPERS
 Position 1 Hard Disk Port Addresses
 Not installed: primary address 1F0 - 1F7
 Installed:  secondary address 170 - 177
 Position 2 Floppy Disk Port Address
 Not installed: primary address 3F0 - 3F7
 Installed: secondary address 370 - 377
 Position 3 Bus Wait State
 Not installed: Enabled
 Installed: Disabled
 Position 4 Drive Recal goes to track 0 minus 1
 Not installed: Enabled (ST238)
 Installed: Disabled (ST4144R)
 Position 5 Not Used
 Position 6 Serial Monitor Mode
 Not installed: Disabled
 Installed:  Enabled (2400 baud)
 Position 7 Manufacturing Test Point
J15 Serial Monitor Output
J16 Manufacturing Test Points
J17 Not Used
J18 Not Used
J19 Controller's system interrupt selection
*Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ14
Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ15
Pins 3 and 4 DO NOT USE
J20 Floppy Disk DMA Acknowledge signal selection
*Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for DACK2
Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for DACK3
J21 Floppy Disk Interrupt Request signal selection
Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ10
*Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ6
J22 Floppy Disk DMA Request signal selection
Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for DREQ3
*Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for DREQ2

TABLE 2-5.  ACB-2370 CONTROLLER JUMPER DEFINITIONS
Note:  Jumper positions and pin numbers are defined from left to right,
or top to bottom, where applicable per Figure 2--2. An asterisk (*) denotes
jumpers that are installed for a standard configuration.

Hard disk data cable (20-pin), second drive (Drive 2)
J2 Hard disk data cable (20-pin), first drive (Drive 1)
J3 Hard disk control cable (34-pin), both drives
J4 Manufacturing test points
J5 Drive activity LED - Pins 1,4 are +5 Volts, Pins 2,3 are signal ground
J6 Board configuration jumpers
 Position 1 Hard disk port addresses
 Not installed: primary address 1F0 - 1F7
 Installed:  secondary address 170 - 177
 Position 2 Not used
 Position 3 Wait state (C & T)
 Not installed: enabled
 Installed: disabled
 Position 4 Drive recal goes to track 0 minus 1 
 Not installed: enabled (ST238)
 Installed: disabled (ST4144R)
 Position 5 Not used
 Position 6 Serial monitor mode
 Not installed: disabled
 Installed:  enabled (2400 baud)
 Position 7 Manufacturing test point
J7 Manufacturing test points
J8 Manufacturing test points
J9 Manufacturing test points
J10 Serial monitor output
J11 Manufacturing test points
J12 Manufacturing test points
J13 Controller's system interrupt selection
Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ14
Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ15
Pins 3 and 4 DO NOT USE
J14 Adaptec ACB-BIOS address selection
*Position 1 and 2 Jumpered for BIOS address C8000 -CBFFF
 Position 2 and 3 Jumpered for BIOS address CC000-CFFFF
 No jumper ACB-BIOS disabled
Note: Install only one jumper on J14. No jumper should be installed if
ACB-BIOS is disabled
J15 Manufacturing test points

Step 2  Hard Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and Termination

The drive changeable parameters that must be set are the drive selection
switches (or jumpers) and the drive termination. The drive selection
switches and cabling select the address (drive address 1-4 ) to which the
drive will respond. This is accomplished either by setting both drives to be
the second lowest address and using a twisted 34-pin cable, or by setting the
drive address to the lowest two addresses and using a flat cable.

A. Twisted 34-Pin Cable 

The typical AT 34-pin cable has three connectors. Between the first (middle)
drive connector (for drive D) and the second drive connector (for drive C),
wires 25 through 29 are twisted, thus inverting the drive selection wires.
This type of twisted cable allows both drives to have their drive selection
switches (or jumpers) to be the same. Both drives must be set to the SECOND
lowest drive address. The controller will see the two drives to be drive 1
and drive 2, depending on the position of the connector that is used.

B. Flat 34-Pin Cable

In some cases a 34-pin flat (non-twisted) cable is used.  This cable does not
invert the drive selection wires but relies on the drive addresses to be
unique for each drive. Now drive 1 must have its drive selection switches
(or jumpers) set to be the lowest drive address (typically 1). Drive 2 must
have its selection switches (or jumpers) set to be the second lowest drive
address (typically 2). The controller will  see the two drives to be drive 1
and drive 2, independent of the position on the connector that is used. 

Before the drives can be cabled to the controller, the drive cable terminator
must be properly set.  The terminator is used to reduce signal "ringing" in
the cables. The terminator, as its name implies, must be at the end of each
cable in order to have the controller and drive communicate properly. The
controller has a permanent terminator built into it. The disk drives, since
they can be connected in a daisy-chain configuration (see Figure 2-4), have
a removable terminator. This is usually a 16-pin DIP resistor package located
on the drive PCB. The last physical drive in the chain must always have its
terminator installed. When two drives are connected to the same controller,
only the last one in the daisy chain is terminated (see Figures 2-3 and 2-4
for the ACB-2372. See Figures 2-5 and 2-6 for the ACB-2370). The other drive
must have the terminator resistor removed.

Step 3  Floppy Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and Termination (ACB-2372 only)

The typical AT 34-pin floppy disk cable has three connectors. Between the
first (middle) drive connector (for drive B) and the second drive connector
(for drive A), wires 10 through 16 are twisted, thus inverting the drive
selection wires. This type of twisted cable allows both drives to have their
drive selection switches (or jumpers) to be the same. Both drives must be set
to the SECOND lowest drive address (typically 1 since floppy drives are
addressed as 0-3). The controller will see the two drives to be drive 0 and
drive 1,  depending on the position of the connector that is used.

Termination of the floppy disk drives is the same as the hard disk drives
in step 2. 


FIGURE 2-3.  ACB-2372 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE
(HARD DISK CABLES)


FIGURE 2-4.  ACB-2372 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE
(HARD DISK CABLES)

FIGURE 2-5.  ACB-2370 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE
(HARD DISK CABLES)



FIGURE 2-6.  ACB-2370 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE
(HARD DISK CABLES)

Step 4  Mounting the Drives and Controller in the PC AT

Now that the drives and controller are configured, they can be connected
and installed in the system.

The controller has three (ACB-2370) or four (ACB-2372) cable connectors:
J1, J2, J3, and J4. Their function, suggested connector plugs and maximum
cable length are described in Table 2-6 and 2-7.

TABLE 2-6.  ACB-2372 CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS

        Connector Signals Cable
J1 Control/Data 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both floppy drives 0
and 1.
J2 Control 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both RLL drives 1 and 2.
J3 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to  2,7 RLL drive 1.
J4 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to  2,7 RLL drive 2.


Connector Recommended Plug Maximum Length
J1 3M Part #3414 20 feet (6 meters)
J2 3M Part #3414 20 feet (6 meters)
J3 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters)
J4 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters)


TABLE 2-7.  ACB-2370 CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS

Connector Signals Cable
J1 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to  2,7 RLL drive 2.
J2 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to  2,7 RLL drive 1.
J3 Control 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both RLL drives 1 and 2.


 Connector Recommended Plug Maximum Length
 J1 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters)
 J2 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters)
 J3 3M Part #3414 20 feet (6 meters)

Attach the cables to the controller, making sure that the pin 1 indicator
on the cable goes to pin 1 on the controller. The connector locations and
pin orientation for ACB-2372 connectors are shown in Figure 2-3 and 2-4,
for ACB-2370, see Figure 2-5 and 2-6.

Now the controller must be installed into a 16-bit slot on the PC AT
motherboard. Next, mount the drive(s) in any available drive bay in the AT.
Consult your PC AT owner's manual for details of performing the installation
of options into the motherboard expansion slots and for instructions on
mounting a hard disk and floppy disk in the system. Once both the drive(s)
and controller are installed in the system, complete the installation by
connecting the data cable to drive 1, connect data to drive 2 and connect
the daisy-chain control cable to both drives (see Figures 2-3 through 2-6).
For the ACB-2372, connect the control/data cable from J1 to both floppy
drives. Finally, connect the drive power connectors from the PC AT power
supply to all drives.

At this point, the floppy disk, hard disk and controller hardware is
completely installed in the PC AT system.

CAUTION:  Take time now to verify that all OF the drive and controller cable
connectors are correctly connected, and that power cables are connected to
all drives.


 Section Four  Troubleshooting 

ACB-237X 4-1 adaptec

ACB-2372 4-1 adaptec

Section Three Software Installation 

 3-1 adaptec 

Section Three  

 Software Installation

ACB-237X 3-1 

 3-1 adaptec

Section Three Software Installation 

 4-1 adaptec 

 Section Four  Troubleshooting 

ACB-2372 4-1 adaptec

Section Four Troubleshooting


 4-1 adaptec

Section Four  

 Troubleshooting

ACB-2372 4-1 

 4-1   adaptec

Appendix B Separate Floppy Disk Controller








Section One  Introduction


409504-00A B-1 ADAPTEC/JULY 1987 


 
2.3.1 Introduction

The following procedure will guide you through the preparation of a single
hard disk using DOS. At the end of this procedure, a 32 MB RLL drive  and
a Seagate ST-277R 65 MB drive with  two 32 megabyte volumes will be formatted. 

This software installation process allows an entire RLL drive to be used
under DOS 3.0, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.  These all have a 32 MB limitation for one
logical drive. Under DOS 3.3, DOS FDISK permits using drives greater than
32 MB by creating an Extended Partition that is divided into logical drives.
Under DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2, the Adaptec Volume Partitioning Program plus the
Adaptec Device Driver allows using drives greater than 32 MB by dividing the
drive into volumes of capacities up to 32 MB. The drive can also be formatted
by the controller to be used by non-DOS operating systems and device drivers.  

Caution: If you encounter any problems while attempting to perform this
installation, refer to Chapter 4, Troubleshooting.

Note: There is no software installation required for the floppy drive(s)
other than formatting floppies under DOS.

3.2 Adaptec ACB-237X Software Installation Flowchart

The software installation process is best described by the following flowchart.

Note that four possible paths may be taken. All paths follow the same first
7 steps. 

Path 1 through 7 and 8 through 12 is used for drives that format to be less
than 32 MB. This applies to any version of DOS 3.x.

Path 1 through 7 and 8A through 12A is used for greater than 32 MB drives for
DOS 3.3.

Path 1 through 7 and 8B through 18B is used for greater than 32 MB drives for
DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2, and for drives with more than 1024 cylinders under DOS.

Path 1 through 9 is used for UNIX, XENIX, OS/2, Novell & 3rd-party
partitioning software.





3.3 Adaptec ACB-237X Format Procedure for a Single hard DISK Drive

Step 1 Setting Up the PC AT Configuration RAM for a Single Hard Disk With
the Appropriate Drive Type

After you have completed the hardware installation of your ACB-237X and
hard disk, turn the system power switch on.  Boot from the PC/AT diagnostics
diskette or any diskette that contains software for configuring the PC/AT
SETUP parameters (CMOS RAM).


Note:  When booting the PC AT with an UNFORMATTED hard disk installed, the
system may report a "1790" disk failure. Ignore the message, press F1 to
continue.

Invoke the SETUP RAM configuration software (i.e., option four in the IBM
PC AT diagnostics program). Then follow the SETUP program's menu to set up
your system for a single hard disk. Be sure to choose a drive type that is
a subset of the actual disk parameters. The number of cylinders indicated
by the drive type specified must be less than the actual number of cylinders
on your drive. For example, with the IBM/AT, use drive type 1 (smallest
available drive type) regardless of the actual drive configuration. This is
necessary for proper operation of the PC AT power-on diagnostics.

After the PC AT internal configuration has been set up, reboot the system
with DOS Version 3.0 or higher.

Step 2   Use DEBUG to enter the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program 

Put a disk with a copy of DOS' DEBUG program into the floppy drive and
invoke the program by typing DEBUG at the DOS prompt, then press return
(see screen dump below). At the debug prompt, type G=C800:5 and press return.
This will invoke Adaptec's Disk Preparation Program.

Step 3   Read or Enter the RLL Drive Parameters (Start the Adaptec Primary
Format)

Next, select Option 0 to format the drive. If the drive has been previously
formatted with an ACB-237X controller, the saved cylinder and head count will
be displayed. With an unformatted drive, the number  of cylinders, heads and
sectors are the default parameters of 305 cylinders, 4 heads and 26 sectors.
If the values are not correct, type N and enter the correct drive parameters.
In this case, the drive has 612 cylinders and 4 heads. Enter Y if correct and
Y to continue formatting the drive. An example of what you should see on the
screen is shown below.

Note:  One cylinder on the drive is reserved for use by the controller. The
controller automatically subtracts this cylinder from the total number of
available cylinders on the drive.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 A>DEBUG <CR>
 -G=C800:5 <CR>

 Adaptec RLL Disk Preparation Program   V 1.0
 Copyright (c) 1987  Adaptec, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 Choose:   0 - to primary format the drive
   1 - to create DOS & Adaptec logical partitions
   2 - to select another drive, (drive 0 is currently 
   selected)
   3 - to generate Adaptec logical partition device driver
   4 - to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device driver
   5 - to end this program

 Enter your selection :  0  <CR>

 Please enter drive parameters :
  Cylinder count : 612  <CR>
  Head count : 4 <CR>

 Are the above correct (y/n)? Y  <CR>

 Drive 0 has 611 cylinders, 4 heads, 26 sectors

 All data in it will be LOST!!! continue (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 4   Choose to ERASE or NOT ERASE the Adaptec Saved Defect List 

If your drive was previously formatted with Adaptec's ACB-237X, the saved
defect list will now be displayed. NORMALLY DO NOT ERASE THE SAVED DEFECT
LIST. It is your choice to ERASE or NOT ERASE the Adaptec saved defect list.
If you choose to erase, say if the controller, drive or cables were incorrectly set or defective, then the Adaptec saved list will be erased. 

Step 5  Enter Any More Defects

Next, the program will prompt you for the drive defect format. If you have no additional defect locations to enter, then select Option 0. Otherwise, choose the defect format that matches the list of defects you wish to enter.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  Saved defect list (cyl/physical sector) :
  Surface 0:
     145/10  208/28 (for example)
  Surface 1:
  Surface 2:
  Surface 3:
 Want to ERASE saved defect list (y/n) ?  N  <CR>
 Please specify additional defect format:
  0 - No Additional Defects
  1 - Cyl/Head/MFM byte offset
  2 - Head/Cyl/MFM byte offset
  3 - Cyl/Head/RLL byte offset
  4 - Head/Cyl/RLL byte offset
  5 - Cyl/Head/Logical Sector your selection :  0  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 6 Select Interleave Factor 

Now select an interleave by typing the desired interleave factor (1 to 12) 
and pressing return. An interleave factor of one is used in the example 
below. If you have entered a defect list, it will be displayed on the 
screen for you to verify. Note that the defect locations have been 
translated into cylinder/logical sector format. Surface numbers correspond 
to head numbers.  

Step 7 Primary Format the Drive, Automatic Data Verification and 
Automatic Flagging of Bad Sectors 

Check to be sure that all of the parameters that you have entered are 
correct, then enter Y to continue.  Enter Y to primary format the drive. 
The controller will now perform the primary format. The program formats 
the drive from high cylinder to low cylinder, marking the defects as bad 
sectors. After formatting each track, the program will write and verify 
the track with worst case data patterns. Any defective sectors found 
during this write/verify process that are not in the defect list will 
be added to the defect list. The same track is reformatted with the 
newly found defective sectors marked bad. The track is then written and 
again verified against defects. The process is repeated for every track 
on the drive. ECC retries are disabled during this verification.

When the controller has finished formatting the drive, you should see 
"Format complete!" displayed at the bottom of the screen, indicating a 
successful format. An example of what you should see on the screen is shown
below.

Note: If the format operation does not complete properly, (i.e., Format
complete! is not displayed after formatting) see Chapter 4, Troubleshooting.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Interleave (1 to 12) :  1  <CR>

 Total defect list (cyl/sector) :
 
 Surface 0:
    145/10  208/28 (for example)
 Surface 1:
    
 Surface 2:

 Surface 3:
    
 Are the above correct (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>

 Will format the drive.  Continue (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>

 Formatting Drive ...

 Head XX  Cyl XXXX

 Format complete !

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Steps 8-12 Formatting a Drive that is Less than 32 MB
(See Steps 8A-12A and 8B-18B for Greater than 32 MB Drives)

Step 8 Create One Volume for the Entire Disk
Now that the drive has been primary formatted, it is necessary to configure
the drive as a single DOS 3.x volume. From the main menu, choose Option 1
("To create DOS & Adaptec logical partitions (volumes)") to create a
volume on the drive.

Adaptec's volume partition menu will then be displayed on the screen. Choose Option 0 to create a volume, and select volume number 1 (drive C:) as the volume number to be created. Enter the total number of cylinders available (displayed on the program menu) as the number of cylinders to be used by this volume. An example, using 611 cylinders, of what should be displayed on the screen is shown below.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 611 cylinders, 4 heads, 26 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End   Vol #   Drive   Start   End
1         C                     9 
2                               10
3                               11
4                               12
5                               13
6                               14
7                               15
8                               16
Choose : 0 - to create a volume
1 - to delete a volume
2 - to FDISK a volume
3 - to return to main program
Enter your selection :  0  <CR>
Volume number :  1  <CR>
Volume 1 always starts from cyl. 0
Number of cyl. (each cyl. will have 52 KB) :  611  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Adaptec's Volume Partitioning Program will ask you to verify that what 
you have entered is correct before it writes these parameters on disk. 
If you are satisfied with the parameters that are displayed, then type Y
and press return.

Note:  Cylinders are numbered beginning with 0; thus, in the example 
below, the 611 available cylinders used in partition 1 are labeled 
as cylinders 0 through 610.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 611 cylinders, 4 heads, 26 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End   Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1        C        0      610    9 
2                               10
3                               11
4                               12
5                               13
6                               14
7                               15
8                               16

Are the above correct (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Step 9  Exit Adaptec Disk Preparation Program

Exit the Adaptec primary format routine by first selecting option 3 
to return to the main menu, and then selecting Option 5 to end the 
program (exit to DOS).

Step 10  Preparing the Disk for Use by DOS 3.x With the DOS FDISK 
Program

At this point, the primary format of your hard disk is complete. The 
disk must now be FDISK partitioned by DOS  3.x.

Insert a diskette containing a copy of the DOS 3.x FDISK and FORMAT 
programs in the floppy disk drive. Use FDISK to create a DOS partition 
of any size up to 32 MB. Return to DOS 3.x when finished.

Step 11  Use DOS FORMAT to High Level Format Drive C:.
Use FORMAT C:/S to format and copy the DOS 3.x system to drive C:.

Step 12  Now reboot system from drive C:
The disk preparation is now complete and you are ready to reboot and copy programs to drive C:.

Steps 8A-12A and 8B-18B For Drives Greater than 32 MB

As an example of a drive greater than 32 MB, a Seagate ST-277R is 
used.  Steps 1-7 are performed with 820 cylinders and 6 heads instead 
of 612 cylinders and 4 heads.  The following steps are then performed.  

Steps 8A-12A Logical Partitioning A Drive Greater than 32 MB Using DOS 3.3 
(See Steps 8B-18B for DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2)

Step 8A  Create One Volume for the Entire Disk
Now that the drive has been primary formatted, it is necessary to 
configure the drive as a single DOS 3.3 volume. From the main menu, 
choose Option 1 ("To create DOS & Adaptec logical partitions (volumes)") 
to create a volume on the drive.

Adaptec's volume partition menu will then be displayed on the screen. 
Choose Option 0 to create a volume, and select volume number 1 (drive C:) 
as the volume number to be created. Enter the total number of cylinders 
available (displayed on the program menu) as the number of cylinders to 
be used by this volume. An example, using 819 cylinders, of what should 
be displayed on the screen is shown below.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 819 cylinders, 6 heads, 26 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End     Vol #   Drive   Start   End
1        C       0       818      9
2                                10
3                                11
4                                12
5                                13
6                                14
7                                15
8                                16
Choose : 0 - to create a volume
1 - to delete a volume
2 - to FDISK a volume
3 - to return to main program
enter your selection :  0  <CR>
volume number :  1  <CR>
Volume 1 always starts from cyl. 0
number of cyl. (each cyl. will have 80 KB) :  819 <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Adaptec's Volume Partitioning Program will ask you to verify that what 
you have entered is correct before it writes these parameters on disk. 
If you are satisfied with the parameters that are displayed, then type 
Y and press return.

Note:  Cylinders are numbered beginning with 0; thus, in the example 
below, the 819 available cylinders used in partition 1 are labeled 
as cylinders 0 through 818.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 819 cylinders, 6 heads, 26 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End   Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1         C       0     818     9
2                              10
3                              11
4                              12
5                              13
6                              14
7                              15
8                              16

Are the above correct (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 9A  Exit Adaptec Disk Preparation Program

Exit the Adaptec primary format routine by first selecting option 3 
to return to the main menu, and then selecting Option 5 to end the program 
(exit to DOS).

Step 10A  Preparing the Disk for Use by DOS 3.3 With the DOS FDISK Program

At this point, the primary format of your hard disk is complete. The 
disk must now be FDISK partitioned by DOS  3.3.

Insert a diskette containing a copy of the DOS 3.3 FDISK and FORMAT 
programs in the floppy disk drive. Use FDISK to create one primary 
DOS partition of any size up to 32 MB. DOS 3.3 automatically limits 
the primary partition to be 33.5 MB. Next, select the extended partition 
and use the remaining number of cylinders for the extended partition.  
Lastly, divide the extended partition into logical drives D:, E:, F:,... 
of any desired size. Return to DOS 3.3 when finished.

Step 11A  Use DOS FORMAT to High Level Format Drive C:, D:, E:, F:,...
Use FORMAT C:/S to format and copy the DOS 3.3 system to drive C:.  
Use FORMAT D:, FORMAT E:, FORMAT F:, ... to format the remaining logical 
drives.

Step 12A  Now reboot system from drive C:

The disk preparation is now complete and you are ready to reboot and copy 
programs to drive C:, D:, E:, F:,...

2.
Steps 8B-18B Logical Partitioning A Drive Greater than 32 MB Using 
Adaptec Logical Partitioning Program and DOS 3.0, 3.1 or 3.2

With DOS Version 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2, the amount of hard disk storage 
accessible by the operating system is limited to two physical volumes of 
up to 32 MB each. Thus, to fully utilize the capacity of drives with 
more than 32 MB, the Adaptec Volume Partitioning Program allows a single 
drive to be logically divided into as many as 16 volumes of up to 
32 MB each. The loadable device driver, supplied in the Adaptec ACB-BIOS, 
then provides DOS with the ability to access all of the logical drives.

The following procedure describes the steps necessary to format your hard 
disk with multiple Adaptec logical partitions. It also describes how to 
load the Adaptec device driver from the ACB-237X ACB-BIOS onto your 
bootable floppy and hard disk.

Step 8B  Creation of Multiple Volumes on a single Physical Disk

Steps 1 through 7 have given us a hard disk that has a primary format but 
must be divided into volumes that are less than, or equal to, the 
DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 limitation of 32 MB.

To calculate the exact number of cylinders to use for your volume, given 
the maximum DOS volume to be 32 MB, record the number of kilobytes-per-
cylinder displayed by the program. Divide this number into the amount 
of storage you desire to get the correct number of cylinders needed. 
Remember, 1 megabyte = 1024 kilobytes. Thus, if your drive has 80 KB 
per cylinder and you want to create a 32 MB partition (32 x 1024 = 32, 
768 KB), then the number of cylinders needed would be 32,768 KB/80 KB = 
409 cylinders.

Now  select option 1 to create DOS & Adaptec logical volumes.  Next, 
create a volume of up to 32 MB, for example, using 409 cylinders for 
each of two volumes.  Create a volume by selecting option 0. The 
first volume (1) starts at cylinder 0 and ends at cylinder.408, using 409 
cylinders.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 819 cylinders, 6 heads, 26 sectors

Vol #   Drive   Start   End     Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1        C        0     408       9
2                                10
3                                11
4                                12
5                                13
6                                14
7                                15
8                                16
Choose :0 - to create a volume
1 - to delete a volume
2 - to FDISK a volume
3 - to return to main program
enter your selection :  0  <CR>
volume number :  1  <CR>
volume 1 always starts from cyl. 0
number of cyl. (each cyl. will have 80 KB) :  409  <CR>

Are the above correct (y/n) ? Y  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Adaptec's Volume Partitioning Program will ask you to verify that what 
you have entered is correct before it writes these parameters to the hard 
disk. If you are satisfied with the parameters that are displayed, then 
type Y and press return.

Proceed for volume 2 given the above starting and ending cylinder values.
Option 0, for volume 2, start at cylinder 409, and go for 409 cylinders. 
Check correctness? Y.

The second volume starts at cylinder 409 and ends at 817.

Step 9B  Use Adaptec FDISK to FDISK volume 2 (Volume 1 will later be FDISKED
by DOS).

The Adaptec FDISK option must now be used to create an active partition in 
the volume. Choose to FDISK a volume option by typing 2 and pressing return. 
The program will ask you which volume you would like to FDISK. Choose volume 2.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 819 cylinders, 6 heads, 26 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End    Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1         C       0      408      9
2         D      409     817     10
3                                11
4                                12
5                                13
6                                14
7                                15
8                                16
Choose :0 - to create a volume
1 - to delete a volume
2 - to FDISK a volume
3 - to return to main program
please enter your selection :  2  <CR>
volume number :  2  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 10B  Create a DOS Partition for the Entire Volume 2, and Format the 
Partition (Volume)

Choose option 0 to create a DOS partition. The simplest method to create 
a partition is to make it the same size as the volume.  In this case, choose 
partition 1 to start at cylinder 409 and go for 409 cylinders. Next check 
for correctness, then answer Y, then if you are sure again answer Y.  
The Adaptec FDISK program will automatically DOS FORMAT the drive at this time.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Part #   Start   End     Mode    O.S.   Status
1
2
3
4
Choose : 0 - to create a DOS partition
1 - to activate a partition
2 - to delete a partition
3 - to format a DOS partition
4 - to return to volume partition program
please enter your selection :  0  <CR>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Part #   Start   End     Mode    O.S.   Status
1
2
3
4
creating a partition
partition number :  1  <CR>
starting cyl. : 409  <CR>
number of cyl. (each cyl. will have 80 KB) :  409 <CR>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 11B  Now Activate Partition #1 for Volume 2. (You would repeat 
Steps 9B, 10B and 11B if there was a volume 3,4,...)

Now select option 1 to activate partition # 1. The display will match 
your selection.

Lastly, return to the volume partition program by choosing 4, then to the 
main menu by choosing 3.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Part #   Start   End     Mode          O.S.   Status
1        409     817     unformatted          not active 
2
3
4
Are the above correct (y/n) ? Y  <CR>

Will format the partition.  All data will be LOST !!! continue (y/n)?  
Y <CR>
Head XX   Cylinder XXXX

Part #   Start   End     Mode         O.S.   Status
1         409    817     formatted           not active 
2
3
4

Choose :0 - to create a DOS partition
1 - to activate a partition
2 - to delete a partition
3 - to format a DOS partition
4 - to return to volume partition program
please enter your selection :  1  <CR>
activating a partition
partition number :  1  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You have now completed the creation of a logical Adaptec volume with 
an active partition. Remember, Adaptec volumes can only be accessed by DOS 
through the use of the Adaptec device driver. 

Step 12B  Copy the Adaptec Device Driver from the ACB-BIOS to the floppy

The volume partition can now be used by DOS if the Adaptec device driver 
is installed.

 From the main program menu select Option 3 ("Generate Device Driver").

Option 3 will allow you to load a copy of the Adaptec device driver onto 
a floppy diskette. Insert a bootable floppy diskette with at least 5 KB 
of available storage into drive A: Next, enter the name you wish to use 
for the device driver at the prompt. In the example below, the name 
"ADAPTEC" is given for the device driver file name.

enter file name:  A:/ADAPTEC  <CR>

A copy of the Adaptec device driver will now be written on your floppy 
diskette.

Step 13B  Exit the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program

Now, exit the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program by selecting Option 5 from 
the main menu. Control will be returned to DOS, and you should see the 
DOS "A:>" prompt.

Step 14B  Use DOS FDISK to FDISK C: only

At this point, the primary format, volume partition, and high level format 
for D: is complete. Only Drive C: needs to be FDISKed by DOS 3.0, 3.1 or 3.2.  

Insert a diskette containing a copy of the DOS  FDISK and FORMAT programs 
in the floppy disk drive. Use FDISK to create one  DOS partition  for 
fixed disk Drive 1. Return to DOS when finished.

Step 15B  Use DOS FORMAT to High Level Format Drive C:/S only.

Use FORMAT C:/S to format and copy the DOS system to drive C:.  

Step 16B  Copy the Adaptec Device Driver from the floppy to drive C:

Use COPY A:ADAPTEC C:  to copy the device driver to C:.

Step 17B  Create  CONFIG.SYS on drive C:

In order for DOS to use the Adaptec device driver, it must be installed 
when the system boots. This is accomplished by using any text editor or 
COPY CON to create a CONFIG.SYS file that contains the command:

DEVICE=file name

Where "file name" is the name given to the Adaptec device 
driver (ADAPTEC in the example above). If you already have a CONFIG.SYS 
file for your system, then simply add this line to the file.

Step 18B  Now reboot system from drive C:

The disk preparation is now complete and you are ready to reboot and 
copy programs to drive C:, D:, and E:

Now, whenever you boot from your hard disk, the system will boot from 
drive C: and the Adaptec device driver will be automatically installed.

2.4.1 Introduction

This section describes the procedures needed to troubleshoot problems 
that may arise when installing the Adaptec ACB-237X controller board. 
These are the most commonly found problems and are not inclusive of 
every application.

CAUTION: When troubleshooting problems, use the most basic system 
configuration. That is, one hard disk drive on the ACB-237X and all 
other devices such as printers, modems, etc. removed. Once the system 
works for the basic configuration, add drives and devices to the system 
one at a time and retest after each addition.

If these procedures fail to give a solution to your problem, recheck 
your steps, read the entire manual, document the problem, and check with 
the technical support department where you bought the controller.


2.4.2 Adaptec ACB-237X Troubleshooting Checklist

A 1790 Error is normal for an unformatted drive. Just press F1 to continue.

For the ACB-2372, check floppy cables; be sure J1 goes to both drives. 
Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to Pin 1 of the drive. 
If only one drive is being used, only the last connector on the twisted 
cable should be used.

Make sure the drive is RLL certified. Check with the manufacturer.

Check to see that the SETUP program and CMOS RAM show drive type 1 is selected.

Check the drive select jumper on hard disk drive; be sure that it is 
correctly set for the type of cable you are using (See Section 2.7, step 2).

Check jumpers on controller.

Check hard disk cables; 
For the ACB-2372, be sure J3 goes to Drive 1, J4 goes to Drive 2, and J2 
goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to 
Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, only J2 and J3 should 
be used. 
For the ACB-2370, be sure J2 goes to Drive 1, J1 goes to Drive 2, and J3 
goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to 
Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, only J2 and J3 should 
be used.

Check that the terminator on each drive is set properly (see Section 2.7, 
Step 2).

Check that the power supply can support the added current required by the 
drive. Be sure that the +5V and +12V voltages are correct. Consult with 
the drive vendor for the correct drive power requirements.

You must always create a volume after the low-level format has finished, 
before exiting Adaptec's menu. If DOS FDISK shows only 1 or 2 cylinders, 
you did not create a volume.

The area greater than 1024 cylinders on a hard drive cannot be accessed 
through DOS. Adaptec's Partitioning & Driver must be used.

Remember that you must Activate each Adaptec partition after using 
Adaptec's "FDISK".

For system hang or boot problems, try installing the BUS WAIT STATE jumper. 
The DTK 10MHz system needs this jumper installed on the controller board.

Some AT systems may continue to retry booting to the hard drive even though 
it has not been formatted yet. You will have to allow this re-trying to 
continue for up to two minutes before the system will boot to the 
floppy drive. Then you can proceed to Debug and format the drive.

"Recal Error" is usually caused by improper cabling, or Drive-Select 
jumpering of the hard drive. If the error persists after checking these, 
then try:
For ACB-2372: J14 position 4 installed
For ACB-2370: J6 position 4 installed

If none of the above steps cure the problem, then swap out components in 
this order:
Replace the cables with a known-good set of cables.
Swap the drive with a known-good drive.
Swap the 237X controller with another 237X controller.


2.4.3 Controller Error Codes

Tables 4-1 through 4-5 specify class 00, 01, 02, 03, and 04 error codes 
which may be returned by the ACB-237X. Note that the most significant bit 
(the address valid bit) of the one-byte error code may be set in some 
cases. Thus, 80-8F, 90-9F, A0-AF, B0-BF, and C0-CF are also valid errors 
corresponding to error codes 00-0F, 10-1F, 20-2F, 30-3F, and 40-4F, 
respectively.


Table 4-1.  class 00 error codes (drive errors)
Code Error
00 No Error Occurred During Last Command
01 No Index Signal Found
02 No Seek Complete Found
03 Write Fault Found
04 Drive Not Ready
05 Not Assigned  
06 No Track 00 Signal
07 Not Assigned  
08 Seek Operation Not Yet Complete
09 Not Assigned 
0A Not Assigned  
0B-0F Not Assigned  


Table 4-2.  class 01 error codes (data recover errors)
Code Error
10 ID ECC Error
11 Uncorrectable Data ECC Error Found
12 ID Address Mark Not Found (sector not found)
13 Data Address Mark Not Found
14 Sector Not Found (no ID errors found)
15 Seek Error (wrong cylinder)
16 No ID AM and ID ECC error (sector not found)
17 Not Assigned 
18 Corrected ECC Error(s)
19 Access to Sector Flagged As Bad
1A Format Error Detected
1B-1F Not Assigned 

Table 4-3.  Class 02 error codes (system-related errors)

Code Error
20 Invalid Command
21 Illegal Parameter (cyl., head, sector)
22 Not Assigned 
23 Cylinder Overflow (during command)
24 Format Command With the Wrong Number of Sectors Per Track
25-2F Not Assigned 



Table 4-4.  Class 03 error codes (diagnostics errors)

Code Error
30 Internal CPU RAM Failed
31 Controller ROM Checksum Error
32 ECC Diagnostic Failed
33 SERDES RAM Failed
34 Disk Buffer RAM Failed
35 Buffer Controller Registers Failed
36 Drive Interface IC Failed
37 Host Interface IC Failed
38 CPU Self-Test Failed
39-3F Not Assigned 


Table 4-5. Class 04 error codes 
(timeouts and misc. errors)
Code Error
40 Data Time-Out
41 Format Time-Out
42 SERDES Time-Out
43 Selection Time-Out

2.4.6 BIOS Error Codes

Table 4-6 specifies error codes that may be returned during format or verify.

Table 4-6.  bios error codes
Code Error
01 Bad Command Passed to Disk I/O
02 Address Mark Not Found
04 Requested Sector Not Found
05 Reset Failed
07 Drive Parameter Activity Failed
09 Attempt to DMA Across 64K Boundary
0A Access to Bad Sector
0B Bad Track Flag Detected
10 Bad ECC on Disk Read
11 ECC Corrected Data Error
20 Controller Timeout
40 Seek Operation Failed
80 Attachment Failed to Respond
BB Undefined Error Occurred
FF Sense Operation Failed


Adaptec Inc.
691 South Milpitas Blvd.
Milpitas, California 95035  (408) 945-8600


SECTION FIVE                                           APPENDICES

INSTALLING SCO XENIX V.2.2 WITH ADAPTEC ACB-23XX DISK CONTROLLERS

Adaptec ACB-23XX controllers are fully compatible with SCO Xenix V.2.2 
and newer. The following instructions describe the process for installing 
the Xenix operating system on a disk subsystem using an Adaptec AT disk 
controller.  The following items are required to successfully perform 
this installation:

1) SCO XENIX V.2.2 or newer. Operating system software and documentation
2) DOS 3.1 or newer, Operating system software and documentation
3) PC AT-compatible computer
4) Adaptec ACB-23XX disk controller
5) Hard disk drive (ESDI for use with ACB-232X, RLL for ACB-237X)

1.0 INSTALLING THE DISK SUBSYSTEM

First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT and 
formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 
(Hardware Installation) and 3 (Software Installation) of the Adaptec 
ACB-23XX User's Manual.

During the software installation process (Section 3 of the ACB-23XX 
User's Manual), it is necessary to create a volume on the hard disk. 
At this point, a single partition must be created that contains all of 
the available cylinders on the drive. (Follow the instructions given 
for preparing a disk for use with DOS 3.3.)

When the hard disk has been successfully formatted with a single volume 
for the entire disk, you are ready to proceed with the installation of 
the Xenix operating system.

2.0 INSTALLING THE XENIX OPERATING SYSTEM

To install Xenix, follow the installation instructions given in the 
SCO XENIX System V Operating System Run Time Environment (HW) 
reference manual. The instructions are given in Chapter 2, 
"Installation Procedure"> During this installation process, the 
dkinit program (invoked by hdinit) is used to set the parameters for 
the hard disk. At his point, be sure to select option 1 (Display current 
disk parameters) and verify that the values displayed for cylinders, heads 
and sectors/track are correct. If the parameters are not correct, please 
retry this installation procedure. If correct, continue with the Xenix 
installation as directed.

If any problems are encountered during the Xenix installation, please 
see Section 2.7 of the SCO Xenix, Run Time Environment (HW) reference for 
troubleshooting information.



APPENDICES

APPENDIX II

OS/2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES AND ADAPTEC ACB-23XX
COMPATIBILITY WITH MS OS/2 AND IBM OS/2

1.0 OS/2 COMPATIBILITY


Adaptec ACB-23XX controllers have been tested successfully with IBM OS/2 
version 1.0. However, due to a problem discovered with Microsoft's version 
of OS/2, any 1:1 interleave hard disk controller is not compatible with 
the current MS OS/2 revision 1.0. A specific revision of the Microsoft OS/2 
hard disk device driver is required for reliable operation of any ACB-23XX 
product with MS OS/2 1.0.

2.0 NEW DISK01.SYS REQUIRED FOR MS OS/2 OPERATION

The name of the device driver that must be replaced is DISK01.SYS. This 
device driver is available from Microsoft, although a specific revision 
number of the file was not available at the time this note was written. 
However, the driver can be referenced as the latest revision of 
DISK01.SYS. For those on the Microsoft developers program, it is also 
available on the Microsoft developers bulletin board as DISK01.NEW. Also, 
the new revision of the device driver will be supplied in the next release 
of OS/2 from Microsoft. This driver was originally made available to correct 
problems observed when MS OS/2 was used on Compaq 386 machines with a 
1:1 interleave, ESDI hard disk subsystem. The failure mode, observed when 
using the DISK01.SYS supplied with MS OS/2 1.0, was a random rebooting of 
the system during, and/or after, reading data from the hard disk.

Microsoft OS/2 versions 1.0 and 1.02, with the replacement disk device 
driver (described above), have been tested with the ACB-23XX controllers 
and were found to be fully compatible.

3.0 WINDOWS COMPATIBILITY

Microsoft Windows 286 and Windows 386 have both been tested and are 
fully compatible with Adaptec's ACB-23XX products. Both software packages 
work whether invoked from the DOS operating system, or from the DOS 
compatibility window under the OS/2 operating system.

4.0 OS/2 INSTALLATION

Disk preparation under OS/2 is very similar to DOS disk preparation. 
OS/2 uses the FDISK.COM and FORMAT.COM programs to create and format 
OS/2 partitions on the fixed disk. The following instructions outline 
basic fixed disk preparation, and OS/2 installation.

First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT and 
formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 (Hardware 
Installation) and 3 (Software Installation) of the Adaptec ACB-23XX User's 
Manual. You will need the DOS operating system and DEBUG utility to 
successfully complete this installation. OS/2 does not have a DEBUG-like 
utility.

During the software installation process (Section 3 of the ACB-23XX 
User's Manual), it is necessary to create a volume on the hard disk. At 
this point, a single partition must be created that contains all of the 
available cylinders on the drive. (Follow the instructions given for 
preparing a disk for use with DOS 3.3).

When the hard disk has been successfully formatted with a single volume 
for the entire disk, you are ready to proceed with the installation of 
the OS/2 operating system.

Finally, insert the OS/2 installation diskette in the floppy drive, and 
press Ctrl+Alt+Del to reboot the system. The OS/2 operating system will 
boot and the installation program will automatically guide you through 
the FDISK and FORMAT procedures for your fixed disk, as well as completing 
the OS/2 installation.


APPENDICES


APPENDIX III


INSTALLING ISC UNIX 386/ix  WITH ADAPTEC ACB-23XX DISK CONTROLLERS

Adaptec ACB-23XX controllers are fully compatible with ISC UNIX SYSTEM V 
386/ix, and newer. The following instructions describe the process for 
installing the Xenix operating system on a disk subsystem using an Adaptec 
AT disk controller.

The following items are required to successfully perform this installation:

1) ISC UNIX 386/ix, or newer. Operating system software and documentation. 
2) PC AT-compatible computer.
3) Adaptec ACB-23XX disk controller
4) Hard disk drive (ESDI for use with ACB-232X, RLL for ACB-237X).

1.0 INSTALLING THE DISK SUBSYSTEM

First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT and formatted 
for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 (Hardware Installation) and 
3 (Software Installation).

During the software installation process (Section 3 of the ACB-23XX User's 
Manual), it is necessary to create a volume on the hard disk. At this 
point, a single partition must be created that contains all of the 
available cylinders on the drive. (Follow the instructions given for 
preparing a disk for use with DOS 3.3.

When the hard disk has been successfully formatted with a single volume 
for the entire disk, you are ready to proceed with the installation of 
the Xenix operating system.

2.0 INSTALLING THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM

To install Unix, follow the installation instructions given in the 
ISC Unix 386/ix User's Manual titled "Using 386/ix Products Managing 
386/ix Products. The instructions are given in Section 3, 
"Installation Procedure".



APPENDICES



APPENDIX IV


NOVELL 2.0A SOFTWARE PATCH FOR USE WITH ADAPTEC
ACB-23XX DISK  CONTROLLERS


This software patch allows  Novell Advanced Netware to operate with the 
Adaptec ACB-23XX family of products. The patch provides support for hard 
disks with greater than 17 sectors per track. This patch may be used with 
the following versions of Novell Netware.

Novell 2.0a /SFT-1, and
            /SFT-2

1.0 THE FILES TO BE MODIFIED

For the /SFT versions of Novell 2.0a, the following files, found on the 
Installation diskette, must be modified:
COMPSURF.EXE
INSTALL.EXE
DISKED.EXE
LOADER.DAT, and

The following additional files, found on the Genos-4 diskette, must  
also be modified:
NET$OS.OBJ
PREPARE.EXE

2.0 PATCHING THE FILES

Using an editor capable of modifying executable files, (Norton Utilities, 
AT86, etc.) the following strings of machine code must be changed in each 
of the files listed above for your version of Novell 2.0a.  The procedure 
for making these changes consists of: first loading the file into memory, 
then searching the file for the hexidecimal  string to be modified, and 
finally, changing the appropriate bytes as shown below. Note that some of 
these strings may appear more than once in a single file.

ORIGINAL
HEX STRING CHANGE TO NEW HEX STRING FOR:

17 sectors/track    26 sect/trk   34 sect/trk   35 sect/trk   36 sect/trk

8AC1241F            8AC1241F      8AC1243F      8AC1243F      8AC1243F
FE22                FE34          FE44          FE46          FE48
EE22                EE34          EE44          EE46          EE48
3C12                3C1B          3C23          3C24          3C25
B911                B91A          B922          B923          B924
B96400BAF701                      B90002BAF701
B90002BAF701                      B90002BAF701
               B90002BAF701
The last change listed is in the LOADER.DAT file only.

80E11F             80E11F         80E13F         80E13F        80E13F

YOU MUST STILLMODIFY YOUR SYSTEM BIOS TO PROVIDE A DRIVE TYPE TABLE WITH 
WITH THE CORRECT NUMBER OF CYLINDERS AND SECTORS PER TRACK FOR NOVELL 2.0A TO 
RUN.  AFTER LOW-LEVEL FORMAT, THE ADAPTEC BIOS MUST BE DISABLED BY REMOVING
THE BIOS ADDRESS SELECTION JUMPER FROM THE CONTROLLER (i.e, REMOVE ANY 
JUMPER FROM J11 on ACB-2322). 

Novell 2.0a does not support a disk with  capacity greater than 250 MBytes. 
The system BIOS drive type table must specify less than 250 MBytes worth 
of storage. Use the following to calculate the maximum number of cylinders 
that may be specified:

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CYLINDERS = 512,000   (SECTORS PER TRACK  X  HEAD COUNT)

Upredictable results may occur when attempting to use a disk with greater 
than 250 MBytes of storage.


TECH NOTE DISK MANAGER  N

Ontrack's DISK MANAGER-N (DMN) is a software package that allows the 
preparation and installation of disk drives as Novell file servers. With 
DMN's preparation software a disk can be installed 28 times faster than 
with Novell's Compsurf. DMN also provides for the installation of disk 
drives not listed in the file server computer's BIOS. This allows users 
to select disk drives of their own choice.

Up until now, DMN would only run with Netware compatible controllers. We 
are very pleased to announce that this is no longer the case. 
DISK MANAGER-N Version 2.3 due to be released in April, 1988 will contain 
support for the following Adaptec controllers:

ACB-2370 RLL
ACB-2372 RLL w/floppy

ACB-2320 ESDI
ACB-2322 ESDI w/floppy

DMN is compatible with Advanced Netware 2.0A and 2.1 and Entry Level 
Systems 2.0 and 2.1.

Due to the limitation of 1024 cylinders on any given drive the maximum 
capacity is 286 MB/drive.

ONTRACK's next release DMN version 3.0 due in June will alleviate the 
1024 cylinder barrier.

If you have any questions, please feel free to give us a call at 
1-800-752-1333.


APPENDICES



APPENDIX V

ADAPTEC AUTO-CONFIGURATION

Auto-configuration for non-listed drive types.

In DOS 3.X, Interrupts 60-67 are available for use as vectors to user programs.

Adaptec 23XX controllers use the memory space occupied  by Int 60-67 as a 
data area, instead of for vector pointers. We store the drive parameters 
there, in a table. Sixteen bytes (Int 60-63) are for drive 1, and 16 bytes 
(Int 64-67) are for drive 2. these tables contain the true cylinder, head and 
sector count for each drive. This feature allows the user to install hard 
drives that do not match the standard list of drive types in the AT BIOS.

Occasionally, products such as expanded memory or disk caching, will want 
to use Interrupts 60-67 as vectors to their code. This will conflict with our 
use of these locations, because our drive table will be overwritten by 
their pointers.

For this special case, we have included an auto-configuration driver in 
your controller BIOS. This driver can be downloaded from your controller 
and put into a CONFIG.SYS file on your hard drive. At system boot, DOS 
will execute the device driver. With the driver installed, we do not use 
Int 60-67 to store the drive parameter table. Instead, the standard hard 
drive interrupts 41 and 46 are used as vectors to point to our drive table, 
which is now in a protected memory location reserved by DOS.

When to use the auto-configuration driver.

If you have created volumes using Adaptec's partitioning, and put the 
partitioning driver into a CONFIG.SYS file, then you do not need the 
autoconfiguration driver. (It is included in the partitioning driver.)

If you did not use Adapte'c partitioning driver, you may want to copy the 
auto-configuration driver into a CONFIG.SYS file on your boot disk. This 
will ensure that no software will conflict with your hard disk table. 
However, if you have no software that used Int 60-67, you can run without 
a device driver installed.

The following have been reported to need Int 60-67 locations:

Superpck Cache Triangle CICS/PC Emulator
Desqview Columbia Kermit
IBM Displaywrite 3 Wang Terminal-Emulator cards

How to use the auto-configuration driver

The auto-configuration driver is accessible by using the DEBUG program 
from your hard dirve or your DOS floppy.

At the prompt enter:

A>DEBUG  <CR>
-G=C800:5  <CR>

The Adaptec Disk Preparation Menu will come up on the screen.

Choose option 4, "to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device driver".

Now you can copy the driver into a file that you name. If your C drive is 
already formatted, you can copy the driver to C. (If not, then copy the 
driver to a file on your A: floppy. After your C drive is formatted, then 
copy the driver from A, over to the C drive.)

Enter file name: C: ADAPTEC.DVR  <CR>

A copy of the driver will now be written onto the specified drive.

Now create or modify your CONFIG.SYS file to include the driver.

If you have an already existing CONFIG.SYS file on your hard drive, then 
modify the file to have DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR as the first statement.

If you do not have an existing CONFIG.SYS file, then create one in 
the following way:

C>COPYCONCONFIG.SYS  <CR>
DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR  <F6> <CR>

Now your drive table will be located in a protected area at boot time.

Adaptec's ACB-23XX Family

I/O DRIVER STATUS
VENDOR O/S REVISION AVAIL. SUPPORT

Interactive Systems     Unix 386/ix 1.03 
Corporation 1.04 Now
2401 Colorado Ave.
Santa Monica, CA 90404
213-453-8649

Santa Cruz              SCO XENIX V 2.2 
Operation /286/386
400 Encinal St.
P.O. Box 1900
Santa Cruz, CA
95061-9990
408-425-7222

Microsoft Corp.          PC/MS DOS 3.X 
16011 N.E. 36th Way 
Box 97017                MS/OS/2 with 1.0 
Redmond, WA              DISK01.SYS
98073-9717               MS OS/2 1.02 
206-882-8080

Microport Systems        System V/386 2.2RLL
10 Victor Square
Scotts Valley, CA95066
800-722-UNIX
800-822-UNIX (In CA)

Ontrack Computer          Novell 2.0a
Systems
6200 Bury Drive
Eden Prairie, MN
55346
612-937-5815

The Software Link          PC-MOSX
3577 Parkway Ln.
Atlanta, GA 30092
404-448-5465

IBM Corp.                 OS/2 Std. 1.0
Old Orchard Rd.
Armonk, Ny 10504          OS/2 Std. 1.1
914-765-1900



APPENDICES



APPENDIX VII


FORMATTING AND ACCESSING DRIVES WITH GREATER THAN 1024 CYLINDERS USING 
ADAPTEC'S ACB-23XX CONTROLLERS

Adaptec ACB-23XX BIOS No. 412801-00C and later revisions contain a hard 
disk format utility that includes support for drives with greater than 
1024 cylinders. The user interface for this utility is identical to that 
supplied in previous revisions of the BIOS. however, there are several 
steps that are required to make access to the cylinders beyond 1024 
possible. Please read the Adaptec User's Manual for your controller, and 
become familiar with the format utility contained in the Adaptec controller 
BIOS (located at C800:5), before attempting to format your hard disk.

The first step in this installation is to format the hard disk. Follow 
the instructions exactly as they are presented in the User's Manual 
for initiating the format. 

When the format completes it is then necessary to volume partition the drive. 
This is accomplished by selecting option 1 from the format utility main 
menu. The first 1024 cylinders on the drive may be partitioned exactly as 
described in the User's Manual.

Since DOS is not able to address the cylinders above 1024, cylinders 1024 
and greater can only be accessed from an Adaptec Partition, using the 
Adaptec Partition Device Driver. This means that in order to access these 
cylinders, they must be included in a volume created in the Adaptec 
Volume Partition program )option 1 in the BIOS format routine). Create as 
many 32 MB or less volumes to include each of these cylinders in a 
partition. Then select the option to FDISK each of the volumes. Under the 
FDISK menu, you will need to create a single partition that uses all of 
the cylinders allocated to each volume. This process will also format the 
partition for use by the Adaptec device driver. When the partition format 
completes, select the appropriate option to activate the partition. When 
each of the Adaptec volumes has been created and prepared using FDISK, 
they will be accessible by the device driver.

At this point, the low-level format and volume partitioning of the hard 
disk will be complete. Exit the format utility and follow the instructions 
in the User's Manual for preparing the first 1024 cylinders of the disk 
for DOS using the FDISK.COM and FORMAT.COM utilities.

After the DOS format has been completed and the system transferred to the 
hard disk, be sure to transfer the Adaptec partition device driver from 
the controller BIOS onto the hard disk and create the appropriate entry in 
the system CONFIG.SYS file. Please see the User's Manual for complete 
instructions on installing the device driver in your system.
