ACB 2322B User's Manual

Section                                                Page

1.0   INTRODUCTION                                     1-1
1.1   Quick Installation                               1-1
1.2   Scope and Purpose of Manual                      1-2
1.3   Reference Documents                              1-2
1.4   Overview of Product                              1-2
1.5   Hardware and Software Requirements               1-6

2.0   HARDWARE INSTALLATION                            2-1
2.1   Introduction                                     2-1
2.2   Environmental Requirements                       2-1
2.3   Unpacking Procedure                              2-2
2.4   ACB-2322B Board Layout                           2-3
2.5   ACB-2320B Board Layout                           2-4
2.6   System Requirements                              2-5
2.7   Integration Into the System                      2-7

3.0   SOFTWARE INSTALLATION                            3-1
3.1   Introduction                                     3-1
3.2   Software Installation Flowchart                  3-2
3.3   Format Procedure for Hard Disk Drives            3-3
3.4   Special Options                                  3-8

4.0   TROUBLESHOOTING                                  4-1
4.1   Introduction                                     4-1
4.2   Adaptec ACB-232XB Troubleshooting Checklist      4-1
4.3   Controller Error Codes                           4-4
4.4   BIOS Error Codes                                 4-7

5.0   APPENDICES                                       5-1
I     Installing SCO Xenix                             5-1
II    Installing ISC Unix                              5-2
III   Installing OS/2                                  5-3
IV    Using 17-Sector Emulation                        5-5
V     Installing Novell                                5-7
VI    Driver and Operating System Support              5-10


LIST OF TABLES
Table Page

2-1    ACB-232XB System Memory Map                      2-5
2-2    ACB-2322B Controller Power Requirements          2-6
2-3    ACB-2322B Controller Connector Definitions       2-13
2-4    ACB-2320B Controller Connector Definitions       2-14
4-1    Class 00 Error Codes (Drive Errors)              4-4
4-2    Class 01 Error Codes (Data Recover Errors)       4-5
4-3    Class 02 error Codes (System-Related Errors)     4-6
4-4    Class 03 Error Codes (Diagnostics Errors)        4-6
4-5    Class 04 Error Codes (Timeouts and Misc. Errors) 4-7
4-6    BIOS Error Codes                                 4-7


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page

2-1    ACB-2322B Board Layout                           2-3
2-2    ACB-2320B Board Layout                           2-4
2-3    ACB-2322B Controller and Drive Cabling           2-9
       (Twisted Cable)
2-4    ACB-2322B Controller and Drive Cabling           2-10
       (Flat Cable)
2-5    ACB-2320B Controller and Drive Cabling           2-11
       (Twisted Cable)
2-6    ACB-2320B Controller and Drive Cabling           2-12
       (Flat Cable)



1.1 QUICK INSTALLATION

Most of us don't like to read manuals. If you are familiar with
drive installations, you don't need to read this one. The manual 
describes in detail the process outlined below. Try this
quick-install first.  If you need more details, dig into the
manual.

a. 

ACB-2322B - Install controller and drives into your PC AT, and cable 
them together. Run a floppy cable from "FD" to both floppy drives. 
The connector on the END of the cable goes to drive 1. Run a 34-pin 
hard drive cable from HD and connect to both hard drives. Connect one 
20-pin cable each from "DR1" to the first hard drive, and from "DR2" 
to the second hard drive (if installed).

ACB-2320B - Install controller and drives into your PC AT, and cable 
them together. Run a 34-pin hard drive control cable from J3 and connect 
it to both hard drives. Connect one 20-pin cable from J1 to hard drive 1, 
and one 20-pin cable from J2 to hard drive 2 (if installed). Don't forget 
to plug a system power cable into the hard drive!

b. Run your PC AT "SETUP" and set the hard drive to type 1.

c. Boot to DOS, and run DEBUG.

d. Type in:   
A>DEBUG <CR>
-G=C800:5<CR>

e. The Adaptec format menu will come up.

f. Choose: 1 - to primary-format drive 1.

g. The controller will read the number of heads and cylinders from
the drive. The manufacturer's defect list will also be read in.

h. Now just keep hitting <CR> (to take the defaults).

i. After format is complete, choose q - to end the program.

j. Now you are ready to install your operating system software. Go 
to DOS FDISK, and FORMAT, or SPEEDSTOR, DISK MANAGER, SCO XENIX, 
OS/2, UNIX, etc.


1.2 Scope and Purpose of Manual

The purpose of this manual is to guide the system integrator through 
a successful installation of Adaptec's ACB-232XB board. This includes 
both hardware and software installation, as well as basic 
troubleshooting information.


1.3 Reference Documents

*  IBM PC AT Guide to Operations Manual
*  IBM DOS Reference Manual Version 3.0 or Higher
*  IBM PC AT Technical Reference Manual
*  Appropriate Disk Drive User's Manual


1.4  Overview of Product

The Adaptec ACB-232XB is a series of high-performance ESDI Hard Disk 
and Floppy Disk Controllers for the IBM PC AT and equivalent personal 
computers. 

* The ACB-2320B is an ESDI hard disk controller.
* The ACB-2322B is an ESDI hard disk and floppy disk controller. 
* The ACB-2322B-8 is for 15 MHz ESDI hard drives and also includes 
  a floppy disk controller.

The ACB-232XB is software and hardware compatible with the IBM PC 
AT hard disk controller interface.

The Adaptec ACB-232XB ESDI Controllers have the following features:

* IBM hardware compatible.  Plugs directly into AT bus compatible 
  systems without modification. Register (port) compatible to the 
  IBM AT controller, giving true compatibility.
* IBM software compatible.  Runs software that communicates through 
  the AT system BIOS or directly to the controller registers, thus, 
  the highest  AT compatibility  is achieved. 

* Supports two enhanced small disk interface (ESDI) drives. Runs High 
  Performance 10 MHz ESDI drives from all major ESDI manufacturers. 
  (The ACB-2322B-8 supports 15 MHz ESDI drives.) Supports two drives 
  that are different capacity, different access time and different 
  manufacturers without controller modification. Drives with up to 16 
  heads and 4096 cylinders are supported by the controller through the 
  registers.  Provides both the highest capacity and highest performance.

* Highest AT ESDI performance. The combination of non-interleaved 
  operation, low controller overhead, and 36 sectors per track give 
  the ACB-232XB the highest transfer rate available today. This is 
  from 900 Kilobytes per second to as high as 1.1 Megabyte per second 
  data transfer depending on system configuration, thus the highest  
  system performance in multitrack data transfers.

* Non-interleaved operation.  This gives the ability to read one 
  track of data in one disk revolution, the maximum rate that the 
  drive can give data to the controller. This provides the fastest 
  controller/drive performance.

* Can support more than 1024 cylinders under DOS. Breaks the INT 13 
  limit. Drives up to 528 MBytes can be supported by translating the 
  cylinder count.

* Sector-sparing. One sector per track can be reserved as a spare. 
  If a defect is found during format, the track will be re-formatted 
  using the spare. Then the drive will be defect free under DOS.

* 17 sector translation. The controller can emulate a 17 sector 
  format for software such as Novell that requires that feature.

* Read-ahead Cache. Special algorithms take in data before it is 
  requested and store it, ready for lightning-fast data transfers. 
  Up to 1.3 MByte/sec recorded on coretest! Provides optimum performance 
  with UNIX/XENIX.

* Support for 32 to 36 sectors per track. This provides flexibility 
  to use any  number of sectors that the drive supports. Most importantly, 
  with 36 sectors per track, this maximizes the capacity  and transfer 
  rate of the drive giving 6%  capacity and speed improvement over 34 
  sectors per track. For example, a 170 MB unformatted drive will provide 
  8.4 MB additional capacity and 60 KB/s more data transfer speed. 
  (The ACB-2322B-8 supports up to 52 sectors per track.)

* Optional on-board Adaptec ACB-BIOS. This provides the most functionality 
  of any AT controller. The copyrighted ACB-BIOS contains the low level 
  format, defect management, data verification, autoconfiguration of any 
  drive without changing AT system BIOS. The ACB-BIOS functions are also 
  accessible by your customized redirected I/O drive configuration program.

* ACB-BIOS low-level primary format. This provides the ability on the 
  controller to format the drive without the need of  system diagnostics 
  or changing the AT system BIOS. 

* ACB-BIOS ability to read ESDI drive parameters. This reads the drive 
  characteristics directly from the drive, reducing the possibility of 
  using the wrong number of heads, cylinders, sectors, etc.

* ACB-BIOS ability to read ESDI manufacturer's defect list. This reads 
  the manufacturer's flagged bad areas on the disk, eliminating the need 
  to enter them manually. 

* ACB-BIOS ability to add grown defects, save and protect all defect 
  lists.  This gives the ability to run additional defect tests and add 
  the defects to those the manufacturer found. Also the controller saves 
  and protects both the manufactuer's and grown lists from accidental 
  erasure, thus the highest data reliability.

* ACB-BIOS sector -level defect mapping. This flags a sector on the disk 
  to be unusable and reports to the operating system its location, 
  giving system level data integrity.

* ACB-BIOS data verification using worst case data patterns. This tests 
  the disk with the worst possible combinations of data before valuable 
  user data is placed on the disk. This provides the highest data 
  reliability.

* ACB-BIOS autoconfiguration of any ESDI drive, not in AT system BIOS. 
  This allows any ESDI drive to be formatted and used without changing 
  the AT system BIOS drive tables. This simplifies the cumbersome task 
  of changing EPROM drive tables to add ESDI. The controller writes the 
  drive parameters onto the drive during format and reads them on power 
  up. This is ideal for field upgrades since the controller does not need 
  to be hardware configured to the specific drive. This achieves the highest 
  drive flexibility possible. 

* ACB-BIOS defaults and help messages. Default entries help speed the 
  user through an installation. If an error occurs, help messages come 
  up to tell the user what to do.

* XT height board.  This allows use in both XT and AT height machines, thus 
  giving you flexibility in choosing your  machine's enclosure. 

* High component integration using Adaptec ICs. Adaptec is committed to 
  IC developement in order to integrate and to reduce the price of both 
  boards and ICs. Adaptec's ICs are used in all Adaptec boards and in most 
  integrated drives on the market; therefore, Adaptec components are proven 
  in reliability and in high volume production.   

* Use of surface mount technology. Adaptec is committed to the leading edge 
  of technology. Surface Mount Technology allows greater functionality in 
  smaller spaces, as well as higher reliability and low power.


The ACB-2322B has these additional features:

* Support of two IBM AT-type floppy disk drives.  Compatible with the most 
  popular IBM floppy capacities. This includes 360 KB and 1.2 MB floppy 
  capacities for 5 1/4" floppy compatibility.  Also supports 3 1/2" floppies 
  that use the 5 1/4" floppy drive interface.

* Analog floppy data separator. This gives much higher data integrity 
  than digital data separators.  Thus floppy data reliability and data 
  retrievability are improved over previous AT floppy controllers. 

1.5 Hardware and Software Requirements

In order to install an Adaptec ACB-232XB into an IBM PC AT-compatible 
computer, the following are required:

1. IBM PC AT-compatible computer. 

Note: Compatible computers are defined to have I/O bus speeds of 6 
MHz with one I/O wait state, 8 MHz with one I/O wait state or 10 MHz 
with two I/O wait states. I/O bus speed is not the same as CPU or memory 
speeds. For example, a 16 MHz 286 or 386 machine typically runs the 
I/O bus at 8 MHz with one I/O wait state.

2.PC or MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher. System and supplemental program 
diskettes.  

The ACB-2322B will also run with non-DOS operating systems and networks. 
Please refer to the appendix for operation with Interactive System 
Unix V/386, SCO Xenix, Novell NetWare, OS/2 and other operating systems.

3. A diagnostic program diskette that allows the PC AT-compatible 
computer's configuration RAM to be set up (such as the diagnostics 
diskette IBM supplies with its PC ATs.)

4. Adaptec ACB-2322B hard disk and floppy disk controller, or 
Adaptec ACB-2320B hard disk controller for systems that 
include a floppy controller.

5. An ESDI Winchester disk drive.

6. 5 1/4" or 3 1/2" floppy disk drive.

7. 20- and 34-pin flat or twisted ribbon cables for hard disk.

8.34 pin twisted ribbon cable for floppy disk (ACB-2322B only).




2.1  Introduction

This section describes the steps necessary to install the ACB-232XB 
board into the computer. First, the operating environment, unpacking 
procedure and board layout are described. This section also describes 
the integration of the drive and controller into the computer.

2.3 Unpacking Procedure

The carrier is responsible for damage incurred during shipment. In 
case of damage, have the carrier note the damage on both the delivery 
receipt and the freight bill, then notify your freight company 
representative so that the necessary insurance claims can be initiated.

After opening the shipping container, use the packing slip to verify 
receipt of the individual items listed on the slip. Retain the shipping 
container and packing material for possible later reuse should return 
of the equipment to the factory or distributor be necessary.

CAUTION: The ACB-232XB like all electronic equipment, is static 
sensitive. Please take the proper precautions when handling the 
board. Keep the board in its conductive wraPPing until it is ready 
to be configured and installed in your system.

2.4 ACB-2322B Board Layout

The ACB-2322B is shown in Figure 2-1. This figure shows the location 
of the controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and connectors. Note 
that Pin 1 of the connectors is identified by a square solder pad on 
the solder side of the board. The dimensions of the board are:

Width:   3.9 Inches
Length: 13.0 Inches
Height: 0.75 Inches

FIGURE 2-1.  BOARD LAYOUT

2.5 ACB-2320B Board Layout

The ACB-2320B is shown in Figure 2-2. This figure shows the location 
of the controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and connectors. Note 
that Pin 1 of the connectors is identified by a square solder pad 
on the solder side of the board. The dimensions of the board are:

Width:    3.9 Inches
Length:   8.0 Inches
Height:  0.75 Inches

FIGURE 2-2.  BOARD LAYOUT

2.6 System Requirements

The ACB-232XB was designed to be installed in an IBM PC AT-compatible 
personal computer; thus, it requires the same system resources as the 
IBM AT hard disk controller.

TABLE 2-1.  ACB-232XB SYSTEM MEMORY MAP

I/O Ports 

Hard Disk - Primary 1F0,1F1,1F2,1F3,1F4,1F5,1F6,1F7,3F6,3F7
          - Secondary 170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,376,377

*Floppy Disk - Primary   3F0,2F1,3F2,3F3,3F4,3FF5
             - Secondary	370,371,372,373,374,375
(ACB-2322B only)

If the BIOS is enabled:
BIOS Address - Primary 16 Kbytes C8000H- CBFFFH
             - Secondary 16 Kbytes CC000H-CFFFFH
Temporary Drive
Parameters Table Interrupt locations 60H through 67H

Drive Power

The IBM PC AT internal power supply does have sufficient current 
to power most hard disk drives in addition to its present load. 
Check with your drive vendor for an accurate estimate of its specific 
power requirements.

TABLE 2-2.  ACB-2322B POWER REQUIREMENTS
(Typical)

+5V Power ________________>  1.7 Amp
-5V Power ________________>  Not Used
+12V Power _______________>  90mA 
-12V Power _______________>  50mA 


TABLE 2-3.  ACB-2320B POWER REQUIREMENTS
(Typical)

+5V Power ________________>  1.1 Amp
-5V Power ________________>  Not Used
+12V Power _______________>  Not Used
-12V Power _______________>  Not Used

CAUTION: The values for the power requirements were determined by 
actual measurements in an IBM PC AT while the controller was 
reading a hard disk. If these values are to be used to design the 
controller into a specific application, at least 20% should be added 
to these listed values as a safety margin.

2.7 Integration Into the System

To install the Adaptec ACB-232XB board into your system, you must 
first configure the drive(s), set the controller jumpers, and connect 
the drive cables properly. This section describes all the necessary 
steps to successfully install this hardware.

Step 1  Controller Jumper Setup and Definition

Before the Adaptec ACB-232XB can be used, some initial setup may be 
required. Figure 2-1 defines, in detail, connectors and jumper 
blocks for the ACB-2322B. Figure 2-2 defines, in detail, connectors 
and jumper blocks for the ACB-2320B.

2-1:

J1      Floppy drive
J3      Hard disk data cable (20-pin), Second drive (Drive 2)
J4      Hard disk data cable (20-pin), First drive (Drive 1)
J5      Hard disk control cable (34-pin), Both drives
J6      Drive activity LED - Pins 1,4 are +5 Volts, Pins 2,3 are
        Signal Ground
J7      Adaptec ACB-BIOS address selection
       *Position 1 and 2 Jumpered for BIOS
        address C8000 - CBFFF
       *Position 2 and 3 Jumpered for BIOS 
        address CC000 - CFFFF
       *Position 2 and TP14 will disable the BIOS.

J2     BOARD CONFIGURATION JUMPERS
        Position 1      Hard Disk Port Addresses
                        Not installed: primary address 1F0 -1F7
                        Installed: secondary address 170 - 177
        Position 2      Floppy Disk Port Address
                        Not installed: primary address 3F0 - 3F7
                        Installed: secondary address 370 - 377
        Position 3      Bus Wait State
                        Not installed: Enabled
                        Installed: Disabled
        Position 4      Not Used
        Position 5      Read Ahead Cache
                        Jumper installed = DISABLED
        Position 6      Not used.
        Position 7      Not used.


TABLE 2-4.  ACB-2322 CONTROLLER JUMPER DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Note:  Jumper positions and pin numbers are defined from left to 
right, or top to bottom, where applicable per Figure 2-1. An 
asterisk (*) denotes jumpers that are installed for a standard 
configuration.

J13     Controller's system interrupt selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ14
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ15
J21     Floppy Disk DMA Acknowledge signal selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for DACK2
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for DACK3
J22     Floppy Disk Interrupt Request signal selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ6
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ10
J20     Floppy Disk DMA Request signal selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for DREQ3
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for DREQ2        


Step 2  Hard Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and Termination

The drive changeable parameters that must be set are the drive 
selection switches (or jumpers) and the drive termination. The 
drive selection switches and cabling select the address 
(drive address 1-4 ) to which the drive will respond. This is 
accomplished either by setting both drives to be the second 
lowest address and using a twisted 34-pin cable, or by setting 
the drive address to the lowest two addresses and using a flat cable.

A. Twisted 34-Pin Cable 

The typical AT 34-pin cable has three connectors. Between the first 
(middle) drive connector (for drive D) and the second drive connector 
(for drive C) wires 25 through 29 are twisted, thus inverting the 
drive selection wires. This type of twisted cable allows both drives 
to have their drive selection switches (or jumpers) to be the same. 
Both drives must be set to the SECOND lowest drive address. The 
controller will see the two drives to be drive 1 and drive 2, 
depending on the position of the connector that is used.

B. Flat 34-Pin Cable

In some cases a 34-pin flat (non-twisted) cable is used.  This cable 
does not invert the drive selection wires but relies on the drive 
addresses to be unique for each drive. Now drive 1 must have its 
drive selection switches (or jumpers) set to be the lowest drive 
address (typically 1). Drive 2 must have its selection switches 
(or jumpers) set to be the second lowest drive address (typically 2). 
The controller will  see the two drives to be drive 1 and drive 2, 
independent of the position on the connector that is used. 

C. Terminator

Before the drives can be cabled to the controller, the drive cable 
terminator must be properly set.  The terminator is used to reduce 
signal "ringing" in the cables. The terminator, as its name implies, 
must be at the end of each cable in order to have the controller and 
drive communicate properly. The controller has a permanent terminator 
built into it. The disk drives, since they can be connected in a 
daisy-chain configuration, have a removable terminator. This is usually 
a 16-pin DIP resistor package located on the drive PCB. The last 
physical drive in the chain must always have its terminator installed. 
When two drives are connected to the same controller, only the last one 
in the daisy chain is terminated. The other drive must have the terminator 
resistor removed.

Now select the proper drive addresses and remove or install the 
required terminators for your system.

Step 3 (ACB-2322B Only) Floppy Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and 
Termination

The typical AT 34-pin floppy disk cable has three connectors. 
Between the first (middle) drive connector (for drive B) and the 
second drive connector (for drive A) wires 10 through 16 are 
twisted, thus inverting the drive selection wires. This type of 
twisted cable allows both drives to have their drive selection 
switches (or jumpers) to be the same. Both drives must be set to the 
SECOND lowest drive address (typically 1 since floppy drives are 
addressed as 0-3). The controller will see the two drives to be drive 
0 and drive 1,  depending on the position of the connector that is used.

Termination of the floppy disk drives is the same as the hard disk 
drives in step 2. 



FIGURE 2-3.  ACB-2322B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE 
(HARD DISK CABLES)


FIGURE 2-4.  ACB-2322B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE 
(HARD DISK CABLES)


FIGURE 2-5.  ACB-2320B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE


FIGURE 2-6.  ACB-2320B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE

Step 4  Mounting the Drives and Controller in the PC AT

Now that the drives and controller are configured, they can be 
connected and installed in the system.

ACB-2322B
The controller has four cable connectors: J1, J3, J4, and J5. 
Their function, suggested connector plugs and maximum cable length 
are described in Table 2-6.


TABLE 2-3.  ACB-2322B CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS


Connector Signals Cable

J1 Control/Data 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both floppy 
drives 0 and 1.

J3 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to ESDI drive 2.

J4 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to ESDI drive 1.

J5 Control 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both ESDI drives 1 and 2.


Connector   Recommended Plug    Maximum Length

J1          3M Part #3414       20 feet (6 meters)
J4          3M Part #3421       20 feet (6 meters)
J3          3M Part #3421       20 feet (6 meters)
J5          3M Part #3414       20 feet (6 meters)


ACB-2320B
The controller has three cable connectors:  J1, J2, and J3. Their 
function, suggested connector plugs and maximum cable length are 
described in Table 2-7.

TABLE 2-4 ACB-2320B CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS
____________________________________________________________
Connector Signals     Cable
J1        Data        20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to drive 1.
J2        Data	       20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to drive 2.
J3        Control	  34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both 
                      drives 1 and 2.

Connector     Recommended Plug   Maximum Length
J1            3M Part #3421      20 feet (6 meters)
J2            3M Part #3421      20 feet (6 meters)
J3            3M Part #3414      20 feet (6 meters)

Attach the cables to the controller, making sure that the pin 1 
indicator on the cable goes to pin 1 on the controller.

Now the controller must be installed into a 16-bit slot on the 
PC AT motherboard. Next, mount the drive(s) in any available drive 
bay in the AT.  Consult your PC AT owner's manual for details of 
performing the installation of options into the motheboard expansion 
slots and for instructions on mounting a hard disk and floppy disk 
in the system. 



3.1 Introduction

To prepare a new hard disk for use, you must complete the primary-format 
and then install your operating system.

First, the primary-format is done using Adaptec's built-in BIOS. The 
procedure is described in this chapter, first with a flowchart, then 
with details describing the actual menu screens. If you run into 
problems while attempting to perform this installation, please refer 
to Chapter 4, Troubleshooting.

3.2 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION FLOWCHART


3.3 Adaptec ACB-232XB PRIMARY-Format Procedure for hard DISK DriveS

Step 1: Setting up the PC AT configuration RAM for a single hard disk 
with the appropriate drive type

After you have completed the hardware installation of your ACB-2320B 
and hard disk drive, turn the system power switch on. Boot from the 
PC AT diagnostics diskette or any diskette that contains software for 
configuring the PC AT SETUP parameters (CMOS RAM).

Note:  When booting the PC AT with an UNFORMATTED hard disk installed, 
the system may report a "1790" disk failure. Ignore the message, 

press F1 to continue.

Invoke the SETUP RAM configuration software (i.e., option four in the 
IBM PC AT diagnostics program). Then follow the SETUP program's menu 
to set up your system for one or two hard disks. Be sure to choose 
drive types that are a subset of the actual disk parameters. The number 
of cylinders indicated by the drive type specified must be less than 
the actual number of cylinders on your drive. For example, with the 
IBM PC AT, use drive type 1 (smallest available drive type) regardless 
of the actual drive configuration. This is necessary for proper operation 
of the PC AT power-on diagnostics.

After the PC AT internal configuration has been set up, reboot the 
system with DOS Version 3.0 or higher.

Step 2:   Use DEBUG to enter the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program 

Put a disk with a copy of DOS' DEBUG program into the floppy drive and 
invoke the program by typing DEBUG at the DOS prompt, then press return. 
At the debug prompt, type G=C800:5 and press return. This will invoke 
Adaptec's Disk Preparation Program.

Step 3: Read the ESDI Drive Parameters

Select Option 1 to primary-format the drive 1. If the drive has been 
previously formatted with an ACB-2320B controller, the saved cylinder 
and head count will be displayed. With an unformatted drive, the number 
of cylinders, heads and sectors are  read from the ESDI drive. If the 
values are not correct, type N, exit the program and check your ESDI 
drive jumper settings.

An example of what you will see on the screen for a brand new drive 
is shown below.

Note:  One cylinder on the drive is reserved for use by the controller. 
The controller automatically subtracts this cylinder from the total 
number of available cylinders on the drive.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A>DEBUG <CR>
-G=C800:5<CR>

Adaptec Disk Preparation Program   V 3.0
Copyright (c) 1988  Adaptec, Inc.  All rights reserved.
Choose: 

1- to primary-format drive 1
2 - to primary-format drive 2
3 - for the special-options menu
q - to quit this program

Enter your selection :  1 

Drive 1 has XXX cylinders, X heads, XX sectors
Are the above correct (Y/N): [Y]

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 4: Choose to ERASE or NOT ERASE the Adaptec Saved Defect List

If your drive was previously formatted with Adaptec's ACB-2320B, 
the saved defect list will now be displayed. normally do not erase 
the saved defect list. If you choose to erase, perhaps because a 
previous error has resulted in a false defect map, then the Adaptec 
saved list will be erased. The ESDI drive manufacturer's list is 
not erased.

Step 5: Enter Any More Defects

Next, the program will prompt you for the drive defect format. If you
have no additional defect locations to enter, then select Option 1. 
Otherwise, choose the defect format that matches the list of defects 
you wish to enter.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Saved defect list (cyl/physical sector) :
Surface 0:
XXXX/XX     XXXX/XX
Do you want to ERASE saved defect list (Y/N) ?  N  
Please specify the format of additional defects:
1 - No Additional Defects
2 - Cyl/Head/RLL byte offset
3 - Head/Cyl/RLL byte offset
4 - Cyl/Head/Logical Sector	

Enter your selection :  1  
Press <RETURN> to enter defects from the console, or type the 
defect file name :
Enter defect at the * prompt, (a blank line will end the list) :
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you have entered a defect list, it will be displayed on the screen 
for you to verify. Note that the defect locations have been translated 
into cylinder/physical sector format. Surface numbers correspond to head 
numbers. (Choice 4 CYL/HD/LOGICAL sector, only appears with a previously 
formatted drive. This allows the user to add "grown" defects at a later date.)

Step 6: Select Interleave Factor 

Now select an interleave by typing the desired interleave factor (1 to 12) 
and pressing return. An interleave factor of one is the default. 

Step 7: Allow a Spare Sector for Defects?

For example, if an ESDI format has 36 sectors on a track, this option 
formats with 35 sectors and uses the 36th sector as a spare. When one 
sector must be marked bad due to a surface defect, the spare is used 
instead. Then the drive appears error-free to the operating system. 
However, 1/36th of the drive capacity is not used. Normally, you will 
want to take the default [N].

Note: If you select spare-sectoring, you will not be able to use the 
17 or 63 sector translation options.

If you have entered a defect list, it will be displayed on the screen 
for you to verify. Note that the defect locations have been translated 
into cylinder/physical sector format. Surface numbers correspond to head 
numbers. (Choice 4, CYL/HD/LOGICAL sector, only appears with a previously 
formatted drive. This allows the user to add "grown" defects at a later date.)

Step 8: Primary Format the Drive, Automatic Data Verification and Automatic 
Flagging of Bad Sectors 

Check to be sure that all of the parameters that you have entered are 
correct, then enter Y to continue.  Enter Y to primary format the drive. 
The controller will now perform the primary format. The program formats 
the drive from high cylinder to low cylinder, marking the defects as bad 
sectors. After formatting each track, the program will write and verify 
the track with worst case data patterns. Any defective sectors found during 
this write/verify process that are not in the defect list will be added to 
the defect list. The same track is reformatted with the newly found defective 
sectors marked bad. The track is then written and again verified against 
defects. The process is repeated for every track on the drive. ECC retries 
are disabled during this verification.

When the controller has finished formatting the drive, you should 
see "Primary-Format complete!" displayed at the bottom of the screen, 
indicating a successful format. An example of what you should see on 
the screen is shown below.

Note: If the format operation does not complete properly, (i.e., 
Primary-Format complete! is not displayed after formatting) see 
Chapter 4, Troubleshooting.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Total defect list (cyl/sector) :

Surface 0:
145/10  208/28 (for example)
Surface 1:
 
Surface 2:

Surface 3:
Interleave (1 to 12) : [1]
Allow a spare-sector for defects (y/n) : [n]
 
Ready to primary-format the drive. All data in it will be lost!!

Continue (Y/N)? [Y]

Formatting and verifying drive ...

Head XX  Cyl XXXX

Primary-Format complete ! 
Now select q to quit, and go to your Operating System installation 
(e.g. DOS FDISK and FORMAT)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 9: Choose [q] to quit Adaptec's Primary-Format program.

Step 10:  Next, the operating system must be installed. For most users, 
this consists of running the *DOS programs FDISK and FORMAT. DOS 4.0, 
OS/2, SCO XENIX and ISC UNIX have menus that guide the user through their 
installation. Refer to the vendor's manual for help with installing your 
operating system.

Note: DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 have a limit of 32 MB per drive. DOS 3.3 
allows a large drive to be split into 24, 32 MB partitions. DOS 4.0 
allows up to 1024 MB to be used as one drive.



3.4 SPECIAL OPTIONS

There are several special technical options built into the ACB-2320B 
controller. These features are not used by most users, but are of 
interest to those with unusual applications. The special option menu 
is accessed by selecting choice 3 from the main menu.

The following menu will come up:

Choose 
1 - to enable 17-Sector translation
2 - to enable 63-Sector translation
3 - to disable translations
4 - to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device-driver
q - to return to main menu

Each choice is described below.

Choices 1, 2 and 3 turn on and off two different translation modes. 
After any translation option is changed, a flag in the partition table 
is changed to make any previous partitions unusable. This means that 
any previous data on the drive will become inaccessible. The operating 
system must be re-installed onto the selected drive each time a 
translation option is changed. The primary-format does not need to be 
re-done.  You are not allowed to use translation on drives that have 
been primary-formatted with sector-sparing. Re-do the primary-format without 
sector-sparing if you want to use translation.

Choice 1: 17-Sector Translation

Choice 1 allows ESDI formats to look like a 17-Sector format. This is 
useful for programs, such as Novell Netware, that only use 17 sectors 
per track.

Note: This option does NOT mean you can use an MFM drive with this 
controller. Only ESDI certified drives should be run on the ACB-232XB.

To get 17-Sector translation, answer these questions on the screen.

Translate drive 1 or 2? : 1

Enable translation on drive (1)? (Y/N) : Y 

Drive (1) is now in 17-Sector translation mode!


Choice 2: 63-Sector Translation

DOS has a limit of 1024 cylinders per drive. This option will allow use 
of drives with more than 1024 cylinders, up to 530 MB capacity. 
The drive parameters are translated to a 63-Sector equivalent.

Enable translation for drives larger than 1024 cylinders by answering 
the following questions on the screen.

Translate drive 1 or 2? : 1

Enable translation on drive (1)? (Y/N) : Y

Drive (1) is now in 63-Sector translation mode!

Choice 3: Disable Translation

This option disables any translation mode currently in effect on your 
drive.

Answer these questions to disable translation.

Disable translation on drive 1 or 2? : 1

Disable translation on drive (1) now? (Y/N) : Y

Choice 4: Auto-Configuration driver.

Autoconfiguration for non-listed drive types.

In DOS 3.X, Interrupts 60-67 are available for use as vectors to user 
programs.

Adaptec 23XX controllers use the memory space occupied by Int 60-67 as 
a data area, instead of for vector pointers. We store the drive parameters 
there, in a table. Sixteen bytes (Int 60-63) are for drive 1, and 16 
bytes (Int 64-67) are for drive 2. These tables contain the true cylinder, 
head and sector count for each drive. This feature allows the user to 
install hard drives that do not match the standard list of drive types 
in the PC AT BIOS.

Occasionally, products such as expanded memory or disk caching, will 
want to use Interrupts 60-67 as vectors to their code. This will 
conflict with our use of these locations, because our drive table will 
be overwritten by their pointers.

For this special case, we have included an autoconfiguration driver 
in your controller BIOS. This driver can be downloaded from your controller 
and put into a CONFIG.SYS file on your hard drive. At system boot, DOS 
will execute the device driver. With the driver installed, we do not use 
Int 60-67 to store the drive parameter table. Instead, the standard hard 
drive interrupts 41 and 46 are used as vectors to point to our drive 
table, which is now in a protected memory location reserved by DOS.

When to use the autoconfiguration driver.

You may want to copy the auto-configuration driver into a CONFIG.SYS file 
on your boot disk. This will ensure that no software will conflict with 
your hard disk table. However, if you have no software that uses Int 60-67, 
you can run without a device driver installed.

The following have been reported to need Int 60-67 locations:

Superpck Cache
Triangle CICS/PC Emulator
Desqview
Columbia Kermit
IBM Displaywrite 3
Wang Terminal-Emulator cards

How to use the autoconfiguration driver.

The autoconfiguration driver is accessible by using the DEBUG program 
from your hard drive or your DOS floppy.

At the prompt enter:

A>DEBUG  <CR>
-G=C800:5  <CR>

The Adaptec Disk Preparation Menu will come up on the screen.

Choose option 3, "for special options menu".

Then choose 4 - to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device driver.

A copy of the driver will now be written onto the specified drive.

Now create or modify your CONFIG.SYS file to include the driver.

If you have an already existing CONFIG.SYS file on your hard drive, 
then modify the file to have DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR as the first statement.

If you do not have an existing CONFIG.SYS file, then create one in the 
following way:

C>COPY CON CONFIG.SYS  <CR>
DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR  <F6> <CR>

Now your drive table will be located in a protected area at boot time.



4.1 Introduction

This section describes the procedures needed to troubleshoot problems 
that may arise when installing the Adaptec ACB-232XB controller board. 
These are the most commonly found problems and are not inclusive of 
every application.

CAUTION: When troubleshooting problems, use the most basic system 
configuration; That is, one hard disk drive on the ACB-232XB and all 
other devices such as printers, modems, etc. removed. Once the system 
works for the basic configuration, add drives and devices to the system 
one at a time and retest after each addition.

If these procedures fail to give a solution to your problem, recheck 
your steps, read the entire manual, document the problem, and check 
with the technical support department where you bought the controller.

4.2 Adaptec ACB-232XB Troubleshooting Checklist

-Gets a 1790 at boot-up
-A 1790 Error is normal for an unformatted drive. Just press F1 to continue.

-Long boot time
-Some PC AT systems may continue to retry booting to the hard drive 
even though it has not been formatted yet. You will have to allow this 
re-trying to continue for up to two minutes before the system will boot 
to the floppy drive. Then you can proceed to Debug and format the drive.

-Can't read floppy or boot to drive A 
-For the ACB-232XB, check floppy cables; be sure J1 goes to both 
floppy drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected 
to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, only the 
last connector on the twisted cable should be used. A floppy cable 
has wires 10-16 twisted between the two drive connectors.

-Recal error, or no drive attached error
-Check the drive select jumper on hard disk drive; be sure that it is 
correctly set for the type of cable you are using (See Section 2.7)

For the ACB-2322B, be sure J4 goes to Drive 1, J3 goes to Drive 2, 
and J5 goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is 
connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, 
only J5 and J4 should be used.

For the ACB-2320B, be sure J1 goes to Drive 1, J2 goes to Drive 2, 
and J3 goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is 
connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, 
only J1 and J3 should be used. Do not use a floppy cable for hard drives.

-Incorrect drive parameters
-ESDI drives have jumpers for "number of sectors per track" and for 
"bytes per sector", also for hard or soft sectoring. Consult your drive 
vendor for proper settings of these jumpers.

-Miscellaneous errors, or no format routine
-Check jumpers on controller.

-Excessive defects, or fails to format
-Make sure the drive is ESDI certified. Check with the manufacturer.

-Won't boot to C
-Check to see that the SETUP program and CMOS RAM show drive type 1 is 
selected.

-Intermittent operation errors; or Read/Write errors
-Check that the terminator on each drive is set properly (see Section 2.6)

-Check that the power supply can support the added current required by
the drive. Be sure that the +5V and +12V voltages are correct.  Consult 
with the drive vendor for the correct drive power requirements.

-For system hang or boot problems
-Try installing the BUS WAIT STATE jumper. The DTK 10MHz system needs 
this jumper installed on the controller board.

-If none of the above steps cure the problem, then swap out components 
in this order:
-Replace the cables with a known-good set of cables.
-Swap the drive with a known-good drive.
-Swap the 232XB controller with another 232XB controller.


4.3 Controller Error Codes

Tables 4-1 through 4-5 specify class 00, 01, 02, 03, and 04 error codes 
which may be returned by the ACB-232XB. Note that the most significant 
bit (the address valid bit) of the one-byte error code may be set in some 
cases. Thus, 80-8F, 90-9F, A0-AF, B0-BF, and C0-CF are also valid 
errors corresponding to error codes 00-0F, 10-1F, 20-2F, 30-3F, and 
40-4F, respectively.

table 4-1.  class 00 error codes (drive errors)

Code     Error
00       No Error Occurred During Last Command
01       No Index Signal Found
02       No Seek Complete Found
03       Write Fault Found
04       Drive Not Ready
05       Not Assigned 
06       No Track 00 Signal
07       Not Assigned 
08       Seek Operation Not Yet Complete
09       Not Assigned 
0A       Not Assigned 
0B       ESDI Interface Fault
0C       ESDI Seek Fault
0D       ESDI Parity Error
0E       Bad ESDI Configuration
0F       Not Assigned 


table 4-2.  class 01 error codes (data recover errors)

Code   Error
10     ID ECC Error
11     Uncorrectable Data ECC Error Found
12     ID Address Mark Not Found (sector not found)
13     Data Address Mark Not Found
14     Sector Not Found (no ID errors found)
15     Seek Error (wrong cylinder)
16     No ID AM and ID ECC error (sector not found)
17     Not Assigned 
18     Corrected ECC Error(s)
19     Access to Sector Flagged As Bad
1A     Format Error Detected
1B-1F  Not Assigned 

table 4-3.  class 02 error codes (system-related errors)

Code   Error
20     Invalid Command
21     Illegal Parameter (cyl., head, sector)
22     Not Assigned
23     Cylinder Overflow (during command)
24     Format Command With the Wrong Number of Sectors Per Track
25-2F  Not Assigned


table 4-4.  class 03 error codes (diagnostics errors)

Code   Error
30     Internal CPU RAM Failed
31     Controller ROM Checksum Error
32     ECC Diagnostic Failed
33     SERDES RAM Failed
34     Disk Buffer RAM Failed
35     Buffer Controller Registers Failed
36     Drive Interface IC Failed
37     Host Interface IC Failed
38     CPU Self-Test Failed
39-3F  Not Assigned 


table 4-5.  class 04 error codes 
(timeouts and misc. errors)

Code     Error
40       Data Time-Out
41       Format Time-Out
42       SERDES Time-Out
43       Selection Time-Out

4.4 BIOS Error Codes

Table 4-6 specifies error codes that may be returned during format 
or verify.

table 4-6.  bios error codes

Code   Error
01     Bad Command Passed to Disk I/O
02     Address Mark Not Found
04     Requested Sector Not Found
05     Reset Failed
07     Drive Parameter Activity Failed
09     Attempt to DMA Across 64K Boundary
0A     Access to Bad Sector
0B     Bad Track Flag Detected
10     Bad ECC on Disk Read
11     ECC Corrected Data Error
20     Controller Timeout
40     Seek Operation Failed
80     Attachment Failed to Respond
BB     Undefined Error Occurred
FF     Sense Operation Failed


AVAILABLE VENDOR SUPPORT LISTING:

Interactive Systems	Unix 386/ix	1.03			Now			ACB-23XX
Corporation					1.04			Now
2401 Colorado Ave.
Santa Monica, CA 90404
213-453-8649

Santa Cruz 		SCO XENIX V	2.2			Now			ACB-23XX
Operation			/286/386
400 Encinal St.
P.O. Box 1900
Santa Cruz, CA
95061-9990
408-425-7222

Microsoft Corp.	PC/MS DOS		3.X			Now			ACB-23XX
16011 N.E. 36th Way	
Box 97017			MS/OS/2 with	1.0			Now			ACB-23XX
Redmond, WA		DISK01.SYS
98073-9717		MS OS/2		1.02 	Call Microsoft		ACB-23XX
206-882-8080

Microport Systems	System V/386	2.2RLL		Now			ACB-237X
10 Victor Square
Scotts Valley, CA							June			ACB-232X
95066
800-722-UNIX
800-822-UNIX (In CA)

Ontrack Computer	Novell		2.0a			April		ACB-23XX
Systems			2.1						April	
6200 Bury Drive
Eden Prairie, MN
55346
612-937-5815

The Software Link	PC-MOS					Now			ACB-23XX
3577 Parkway Ln.	max. 35 s/tk
Atlanta, GA 30092	
404-448-5465

IBM Corp.			OS/2	Std.		1.0			Now			ACB-23XX
Old Orchard Rd.	
Armonk, Ny 10504	OS/2	Std.		1.1			Now samples	ACB-23XX
914-765-1900

