File:  2322A.TXT for the Adaptec ACB-2320A and ACB-2322A cards.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:


Section                                                 Page

1.0     INTRODUCTION                                    1-1
1.1     Scope and Purpose of Manual                     1-1
1.2     Reference Documents                             1-1
1.3     Overview of Product                             1-1
1.4     Hardware and Software Requirements              1-5
2.0     HARDWARE INSTALLATION                           2-1
2.1     Introduction                                    2-1
2.2     Environmental Requirements                      2-1
2.3     Unpacking Procedure                             2-1
2.4     ACB-2322 Board Layout                           2-2
2.5     ACB-2320 Board Layout                           2-3
2.6     System Requirements                             2-4
2.7     Integration Into the System                     2-6
3.0     SOFTWARE INSTALLATION                           3-1
3.1     Introduction                                    3-1
3.2     Software Installation Flowchart                 3-2
3.3     Format Procedure for a Single Hard Disk Drive   3-6
4.0     TROUBLESHOOTING                                 4-1
4.1     Introduction                                    4-1
4.2     Adaptec ACB-232X Troubleshooting Checklist      4-2
4.3     Controller Error Codes                          4-4
4.4     BIOS Error Codes                                4-8
5.0     APPENDICES                                      A-1
I       Installing SCO Xenix                            A-1
II      Installing ISC Unix                             A-2
III     Installing OS/2                                 A-3
IV      Installing Novell 2.0A                          A-5
V       Installing Novell 2.1                           A-7
VI      Adaptec Autoconfiguration                       A-10
VII     Driver and Operating System Support             A-12
VIII    Using More Than 1024 Cylinders                  A-14
IX      Sector Translation                              A-15


LIST OF TABLES
Table                                                   Page
2-1     ACB-232X System Memory Map                      2-4
2-2     ACB-2322 Controller Power Requirements          2-5
2-3     ACB-2320 Controller Power Requirements          2-5
2-4     ACB-2322 Controller Jumper Definitions          2-7,8
2-5     ACB-2320 Controller Jumper Definitions          2-9
2-6     ACB-2322 Controller Connector Definitions       2-16
2-7     ACB-2320 Controller Connector Definitions       2-17
4-1     Class 00 Error Codes (Drive Errors)             4-4
4-2     Class 01 Error Codes (Data Recover Errors)      4-5
4-3     Class 02 error Codes (System-Related Errors)    4-6
4-4     Class 03 Error Codes (Diagnostics Errors)       4-6
4-5     Class 04 Error Codes (Timeouts and Misc. Errors)4-7
4-6     BIOS Error Codes                                4-8


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure                                                  Page
2-1     ACB-2322 Board Layout                           2-2
2-2     ACB-2320 Board Layout                           2-3
2-3     ACB-2322 Controller and Drive Cabling           2-12
        (Twisted Cable)
2-4     ACB-2322 Controller and Drive Cabling           2-13
        (Flat Cable)
2-5     ACB-2320 Controller and Drive Cabling           2-14
        (Twisted Cable)
2-6     ACB-2320 Controller and Drive Cabling           2-15
        (Flat Cable)


1.1 Scope and Purpose of Manual

The purpose of this manual is to guide the system integrator through a 
successful installation of Adaptec's ACB-232X board. This includes both 
hardware and software installation, as well as basic troubleshooting 
information.


1.2 Reference Documents

*       IBM PC AT Guide to Operations Manual
*       IBM DOS Reference Manual Version 3.0 or Higher
*       IBM PC AT Technical Reference Manual
*       Appropriate Disk Drive User's Manual

1.3 Overview of Product

The Adaptec ACB-232X is a series of high-performance ESDI Hard 
Disk and Floppy Disk Controllers for the IBM PC AT and equivalent 
personal computers. 

* The ACB-2320 is an ESDI hard disk controller.
* The ACB-2322 is an ESDI hard disk and floppy disk controller.
* The ACB-2322A-8 is for 15 MHz ESDI hard drives and also includes a floppy 
  disk controller.  

The ACB-232X is software and hardware   compatible with the IBM 
PC AT hard disk controller interface.

The Adaptec ACB-232X ESDI Controllers have the following features:

IBM hardware compatible.  Plugs directly into AT bus compatible 
systems without modification. Register (port) 	compatible to the 
IBM AT controller, giving true compatibility.

IBM software compatible.  Runs software that communicates through 
the AT system BIOS or directly to the controller registers, thus, 
the highest  AT compatibility  is achieved. 

Supports two enhanced small disk interface (ESDI) drives. Runs 
High Performance 10 MHz ESDI drives from all major ESDI manufacturers. 
(The ACB-2322A-8 supports 15 MHz ESDI drives.)  Supports two drives 
that are different capacity, different access time and different 
manufacturers without controller modification.
 
Drives with up to 16 heads and 4096 cylinders are supported by the 
controller through the registers.  Provides both the highest 
capacity and highest performance.

Highest AT ESDI performance. The combination of non-interleaved 
operation, low controller overhead, and 36 sectors per track give 
the ACB-232X the highest transfer rate available today. This is 
from 900 Kilobytes per second to as high as 1.1 Megabyte per 
second data transfer depending on system configuration, thus the 
highest  system performance in multitrack data transfers.

Non-interleaved operation.  This gives the ability to read one 
track of data in one disk revolution, the maximum rate that the 
drive can give data to the controller. This provides the fastest 
controller/drive performance.

Hard sectored and soft sectored ESDI drive support. This achieves 
a level of flexibility to match your drive manufacturer with your 
drive requirements, most notably, Maxtor's high capacity soft 
sectored drives.

Support for 32 to 36 sectors per track. This provides flexibility 
to use any  number of sectors that the drive supports. Most 
importantly, with 36 sectors per track, this maximizes the 
capacity  and transfer rate of the drive giving 6%  capacity and 
speed improvement over 34 sectors per track. For example, a 170 
MB unformatted drive will provide 8.4 MB additional capacity and 
60 KB/s more data transfer speed. (The ACB-2322A-8 supports up to 
52 sectors per track.)

Optional on-board Adaptec ACB-BIOS. This provides the most 
functionality of any AT controller. The copyrighted ACB-BIOS 
contains the low level format, defect management, data 
verification, autoconfiguration of any drive without changing AT 
system BIOS, large disk partitioning and DOS device driver. The 
ACB-BIOS functions are also accessible by your customized 
redirected I/O drive configuration program.

ACB-BIOS low-level primary format. This provides the ability on 
the controller to format the drive without the need of  system 
diagnostics or changing the AT system BIOS. 

ACB-BIOS ability to read ESDI drive parameters. This reads the 
drive characteristics directly from the drive, reducing the 
possibility of using the wrong number of heads, cylinders, 
sectors, etc.

ACB-BIOS ability to read ESDI manufacturer's defect list. This 
reads the manufacturer's flagged bad areas on the disk, 
eliminating the need to enter them manually. 

ACB-BIOS ability to add grown defects, save and protect all 
defect lists.  This gives the ability to run additional defect 
tests and add the defects to those the manufacturer found. Also
the controller saves and protects both the manufacturer's and 
grown lists from accidental erasure, thus the highest data 
reliability.

ACB-BIOS sector -level defect mapping. This flags a sector on the 
disk to be unusable and reports to the operating system its 
location, giving system level data integrity.

ACB-BIOS data verification using worst case data patterns. This 
tests the disk with the worst possible combinations of data 
before valuable user data is placed on the disk. This provides 
the highest data reliability.

ACB-BIOS autoconfiguration of any ESDI drive, not in AT system 
BIOS. This allows any ESDI drive to be formatted and used without 
changing the AT system BIOS drive tables. This simplifies the 
cumbersome task of changing EPROM drive tables to add ESDI. The 
controller writes the drive parameters onto the drive during 
format and reads them on power up. This is ideal for field 
upgrades since the controller does not need to be hardware 
configured to the specific drive. This achieves the highest drive 
flexibility possible. 

ACB-BIOS large disk logical partitioning. Since all ESDI drives 
are greater than the 32 MB limitation set by DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 
3.2,  this allows you to divide the drive into volumes of any 
size up to 32 MB each. Up to 16 volumes can be defined on one 
drive or 24 volumes on two drives, maximizing the drive capacity 
under a DOS environment.

ACB-BIOS downloadable DOS driver. The ACB-BIOS has a device 
driver that is downloaded to a floppy. This allows access to 16
or 24 32 MB volumes defined by the Large Disk Logical 
Partitioning. This gives all of the software necessary to go 
beyond 32 MB right on the controller, thus reducing your support 
and  eliminating the need to write a device driver.

XT height board.  This allows use in both XT and AT height 
machines, thus giving you flexibility in choosing your  machine's 
enclosure. 

High component integration using Adaptec ICs. Adaptec is 
committed to IC developement in order to integrate and to reduce 
the price of both boards and ICs. Adaptec's ICs are used in all 
Adaptec boards and in most integrated drives on the market; 
therefore, Adaptec components are proven in reliability and in 
high volume production.   

Use of surface mount technology. Adaptec is committed to the 
leading edge of technology. Surface Mount Technology allows 
greater functionality in smaller spaces, as well as higher 
reliability.

The ACB-2322 has these additional features:

Support of two IBM AT-type floppy disk drives.  Compatible with 
the most popular IBM floppy capacities. This includes 360 KB and 
1.2 MB floppy capacities for 5 1/4" floppy compatibility. Also 
supports 3 1/2" floppies that use the 5 1/4" floppy drive 
interface.

Analog floppy data separator. This gives much higher data 
integrity than digital data separators. Thus floppy data 
reliability and data retrievability are improved over previous AT 
floppy controllers. 

1.4 Hardware and Software Requirements

In order to install an Adaptec ACB-232X into an IBM PC AT-
compatible computer, the following are required:

1.      IBM PC AT-compatible computer. 

Note: Compatible computers are defined to have I/O bus speeds of 
6 MHz with one I/O wait state, 8 MHz with one I/O wait state or 
10 MHz with two I/O wait states. I/O bus speed is not the same as 
CPU or memory speeds. For example, a 16 MHz 286 or 386 machine 
typically runs the I/O bus at 8 MHz with one I/O wait state.

2.      PC or MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher. System and
supplemental program diskettes.  The ACB-2322 will also run with 
non-DOS operating systems and networks. Please refer to the 
appendix for operation with Interactive System Unix V/386, SCO 
Xenix V.2.x , Novell NetWare 2.x, OS/2 and other operating 
systems.

3.      A diagnostic program diskette that allows the PC AT-
compatible computer's configuration RAM to be set up (such as the 
diagnostics diskette IBM supplies with its PC ATs.)

4.      Adaptec ACB-2322 hard disk and floppy disk controller, or 
Adaptec ACB-2320 hard disk controller for systems that include a 
floppy controller.

5.      An ESDI Winchester disk drive.

6.      5 1/4" or 3 1/2" floppy disk drive.

7.      20- and 34-pin flat or twisted ribbon cables for hard disk.

8.      34 pin twisted ribbon cable for floppy disk (ACB-2322 only).


2.1 Introduction

This section describes the steps necessary to install the ACB-
232X board into the computer. First, the operating environment, 
unpacking procedure and board layout are described. This section
also describes the integration of the drive and controller into 
the computer.

2.2 Environmental Requirements

The ACB-232X will perform properly over the following range of 
conditions:

2.3 Unpacking Procedure

The carrier is responsible for damage incurred during shipment.
In case of damage, have the carrier note the damage on both the
delivery receipt and the freight bill, then notify your freight
company representative so that the necessary insurance claims can 
be initiated.

After opening the shipping container, use the packing slip to 
verify receipt of the individual items listed on the slip. Retain 
the shipping container and packing material for possible later 
reuse should return of the equipment to the factory or 
distributor be necessary.

CAUTION: The ACB-232X like all electronic equipment, is static 
sensitive.  Please take the proper precautions when handling the 
board. Keep the board in its conductive wraPPing until it is 
ready to be configured and installed in your system.

2.4 ACB-2322 Board Layout

The ACB-2322 is shown in Figure 2-1. This figure shows the 
location of the controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and 
connectors. Note that Pin 1 of the connectors is identified by a 
square solder pad on the solder side of the board. The dimensions 
of the board are:

Width:  3.9 Inches
Length: 13.0 Inches
Height: 0.75 Inches

<<  lost the mac graphics here >>

FIGURE 2-1.  BOARD LAYOUT

2.5 ACB-2320 Board Layout

The ACB-2320 is shown in Figure 2-2. This figure shows the 
location of the controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and 
connectors. Note that Pin 1 of the connectors is identified by a 
square solder pad on the solder side of the board. The dimensions
of the board are:

Width:  3.9 Inches
Length: 8.0 Inches
Height: 0.75 Inches


FIGURE 2-2.  BOARD LAYOUT

2.6 System Requirements

The ACB-232X was designed to be installed in an IBM PC AT-
compatible personal computer; thus, it requires the same system 
resources as the IBM AT hard disk controller.

TABLE 2-1.  ACB-232X SYSTEM MEMORY MAP
        
        I/O Ports 

        Hard Disk
         - Primary   1F0,1F1,1F2,1F3,1F4,1F5,1F6,1F7,3F6,3F7
         - Secondary 170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,376,377
        
         Floppy Disk    
         - Primary   3F0,2F1,3F2,3F3,3F4,3FF5
         - Secondary 370,371,372,373,374,375

If the BIOS is enabled:
          BIOS Address 
          - Primary 16 Kbytes C8000H- CBFFFH
          - Secondary 16 Kbytes CC000H-CFFFFH

Temporary Drive Parameters Table Interrupt locations are 60H through 67H

Drive Power

The IBM PC AT internal power supply does have sufficient current 
to power most hard disk drives in addition to its present load. 
Check with your drive vendor for an accurate estimate of its 
specific power requirements.

TABLE 2-2.  ACB-2322 POWER REQUIREMENTS
(Typical)

        +5V Power ________________>     1.7 Amp
        P5V Power ________________>     Not Used
        +12V Power _______________>     90mA 
        P12V Power _______________>     50mA 


TABLE 2-3.  ACB-2320 POWER REQUIREMENTS
(Typical)

        +5V Power ________________>     1.1 Amp
        P5V Power ________________>     Not Used
        +12V Power _______________>     Not Used
        P12V Power _______________>     Not Used

CAUTION: The values for the power requirements were determined by 
actual measurements in an IBM PC AT while the controller was 
reading a hard disk. If these values are to be used to design the 
controller into a specific application, at least 20% should be 
added to these listed values as a safety margin.

2.3 Integration Into the System

To install the Adaptec ACB-232X board into your system, you must 
first configure the drive(s), set the controller jumpers, and 
connect the drive cables properly. This section describes all the
necessary steps to successfully install this hardware.

Step 1  Controller Jumper Setup and Definition

Before the Adaptec ACB-232X can be used, some initial setup may 
be required. 

Table 2-4 defines, in detail, connectors and jumper blocks for the ACB-2322.
Table 2-5 defines, in detail, connectors and jumper blocks for the ACB-2320.

TABLE 2-4.  ACB-2322 CONTROLLER JUMPER DEFINITIONS

Note:  Jumper positions and pin numbers are defined from left to 
right, or top to bottom, where applicable per Figure 2-1. An 
asterisk (*) denotes jumpers that are installed for a standard 
configuration.

J1      Floppy Disk control and data cable (34-pin), Both drives
J2      Hard disk data cable (20-pin), Second drive (Drive 2)
J3      Hard disk data cable (20-pin), First drive (Drive 1)
J4      Hard disk control cable (34-pin), Both drives
J5      Drive activity LED - Pins 1,4 are +5 Volts, Pins 2,3 are
        Signal Ground
J6      Manufacturing Test Points
J7      Manufacturing Test Points
J8      Manufacturing Test Points
J9      Manufacturing Test Points
J10     Manufacturing Test Points
J11     Adaptec ACB-BIOS address selection
       *Position 1 and 2 Jumpered for BIOS
        address C8000 - CBFFF
       *Position 2 and 3 Jumpered for BIOS 
        address CC000 - CFFFF
       *No jumper ACB-BIOS disabled

Note:  Install only one jumper on J11. No jumper should be installed if
ACB-BIOS Disabled
J12     BOARD CONFIGURATION JUMPERS
        Position 1      Hard Disk Port Addresses
                        Not installed: primary address 1F0 -1F7
                        Installed: secondary address 170 - 177
        Position 2      Floppy Disk Port Address
                        Not installed: primary address 3F0 - 3F7
                        Installed: secondary address 370 - 377
        Position 3      Bus Wait State
                        Not installed: Enabled
                        Installed: Disabled
        Position 4      Not Used
        Position 5      Not Used
        Position 6      Serial Monitor Mode
                        Not installed: Disabled
                        Installed:  Enabled (2400 baud)
        Position 7      Manufacturing Test Point


TABLE 2-4.  ACB-2322 CONTROLLER JUMPER DEFINITIONS (Continued)

Note:  Jumper positions and pin numbers are defined from left to 
right, or top to bottom, where applicable per Figure 2-1. An 
asterisk (*) denotes jumpers that are installed for a standard 
configuration.

J13     Serial Monitor Output
J14     Manufacturing Test Points
J15     Manufacturing Test Points
J16     Not Used
J17     Not Used
J18     Controller's system interrupt selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ14
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ15
                *Pins 3 and 4 DO NOT USE
J19     Floppy Disk DMA Acknowledge signal selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for DACK2
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for DACK3
J20     Floppy Disk Interrupt Request signal selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ6
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ10
J21     Floppy Disk DMA Request signal selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for DREQ3
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for DREQ2        


TABLE 2-5.  ACB-2320 CONTROLLER JUMPER DEFINITIONS

Note:  Jumper positions and pin numbers are defined from left to 
right, or top to bottom, where applicable per Figure 2-1. An 
asterisk (*) denotes jumpers that are installed for a standard 
configuration.

J1      Hard disk data cable (20-pin), First drive (Drive 1)
J2      Hard disk data cable (20-pin), Second drive (Drive 2)
J3      Hard disk control cable (34-pin), Both drives
J4      Drive activity LED - Pins 1,4 are +5 Volts, Pins 2,3 are Signal Ground
J5      BOARD CONFIGURATION JUMPERS
        Position 1      Hard Disk Port Addresses
                        Not installed: primary address 1F0 - 1F7
                        Installed: secondary address 170-177
        Position 2      Not Used
        Position 3      Bus Wait State 
                        Not installed: Enabled
                        Installed: Disabled
        Position 4      Not Used
        Position 5      Not Used
        Position 6      Serial Monitor Mode
                        Not installed: Disabled
                        Installed:  Enabled (2400 baud)
        Position 7      Manufacturing Test Point
J6      Manufacturing Test Points
J7      Serial Monitor Output
J8      Manufacturing Test Points
J9      Not Used
J10     Not Used
J11     Not Used
J12     Controller's system interrupt selection
                *Pins 1 and 2 jumpered for IRQ14
                *Pins 2 and 3 jumpered for IRQ15
                *Pins 3 and 4 DO NOT USE
J13     Adaptec ACB-BIOS address selection
                *Position 1 and 2
   Jumpered for BIOS address
   C8000 - CBFFF
   Position 2 and 3 Jumpered for BIOS address
   CC000 - CFFFF
   No jumper       ACB-BIOS disabled
Note:  Install only one jumper on J13. No jumper should be installed if 
ACB-BIOS Disabled

Step 2  Hard Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and Termination

The drive changeable parameters that must be set are the drive 
selection switches (or jumpers) and the drive termination. The 
drive selection switches and cabling select the address (drive 
address    1-4 ) to which the drive will respond. This is 
accomplished either by setting both drives to be the second
lowest address and using a twisted 34-pin cable, or by setting
the drive address to the lowest two addresses and using a flat
cable.

A. Twisted 34-Pin Cable 

The typical AT 34-pin cable has three connectors. Between the 
first (middle) drive connector (for drive D) and the second drive 
connector (for drive C) wires 25 through 29 are twisted, thus 
inverting the drive selection wires. This type of twisted cable 
allows both drives to have their drive selection switches (or 
jumpers) to be the same. Both drives must be set to the SECOND 
lowest drive address. The controller will see the two drives to 
be drive 1 and drive 2, depending on the position of the 
connector that is used.

B. Flat 34-Pin Cable

In some cases a 34-pin flat (non-twisted) cable is used.  This 
cable does not invert the drive selection wires but relies on the 
drive addresses to be unique for each drive. Now drive 1 must 
have its drive selection switches (or jumpers) set to be the 
lowest drive address (typically 1). Drive 2 must have its 
selection switches (or jumpers) set to be the second lowest drive 
address (typically 2). The controller will  see the two drives to 
be drive 1 and drive 2, independent of the position on the 
connector that is used.

Before the drives can be cabled to the controller, the drive 
cable terminator must be properly set.  The terminator is used to 
reduce signal "ringing" in the cables. The terminator, as its 
name implies, must be at the end of each cable in order to have 
the controller and drive communicate properly. The controller has 
a permanent terminator built into it. The disk drives, since they 
can be connected in a daisy-chain configuration, have a removable 
terminator. This is usually a 16-pin DIP resistor package located 
on the drive PCB. The last physical drive in the chain must 
always have its terminator installed. When two drives are 
connected to the same controller, only the last one in the daisy 
chain is terminated. The other drive must have the terminator 
resistor removed.

Now select the proper drive addresses and remove or install the 
required terminators for your system.

Step 3 (ACB-2322 Only) Floppy Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and 
Termination

The typical AT 34-pin floppy disk cable has three connectors.
Between the first (middle) drive connector (for drive B) and the 
second drive connector (for drive A) wires 10 through 16 are 
twisted, thus inverting the drive selection wires. This type of 
twisted cable allows both drives to have their drive selection 
switches (or jumpers) to be the same. Both drives must be set to 
the SECOND lowest drive address (typically 1 since floppy drives 
are addressed as 0-3). The controller will see the two drives to 
be drive 0 and drive 1,  depending on the position of the 
connector that is used.

Termination of the floppy disk drives is the same as the hard 
disk drives in step 2.


FIGURE 2-3.  ACB-2322 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE (HARD DISK
CABLES)


FIGURE 2-4.  ACB-2322 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE (HARD DISK
CABLES)


FIGURE 2-5.  ACB-2320 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE


FIGURE 2-6.  ACB-2320 CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE

ACB-2322
The controller has four cable connectors: J1, J2, J3, and J4. 
Their function, suggested connector plugs and maximum cable 
length are described in Table 2-6.


TABLE 2-6.  ACB-2322 CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS


Connector       Signals Cable

        J1      Control/Data    34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected
                to both floppy drives 0 and 1.
        J2      Data    20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected
                to ESDI drive 2.
        J3      Data    20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected
                to ESDI drive 1.
        J4      Control 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected
                to both ESDI drives 1 and 2.


Connector               Rcommended Plug         Maximum Length

        J1      3M Part #3414   20 feet (6 meters)
        J3      3M Part #3421   20 feet (6 meters)
        J2      3M Part #3421   20 feet (6 meters)
        J4      3M Part #3414   20 feet (6 meters)


ACB-2320
The controller has three cable connectors:  J1, J2, and J3. Their 
function, suggested connector plugs and maximum cable length are 
described in Table 2-7.

TABLE 2-7 ACB-2320 CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS
____________________________________________________________
Connector       Signals Cable
        J1      Data    20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to drive 1.
        J2      Data    20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to drive 2.
        J3      Control 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both
                drives 1 and 2.

Connector       Recommended Plug                Maximum Length
J1			 3M Part #3421				20 feet (6 meters)
J2			 3M Part #3421				20 feet (6 meters)
J3			 3M Part #3414				20 feet (6 meters)

Attach the cables to the controller, making sure that the pin 1 
indicator on the cable goes to pin 1 on the controller.

Now the controller must be installed into a 16-bit slot on the PC 
AT motherboard. Next, mount the drive(s) in any available drive 
bay in the AT.  Consult your PC AT owner's manual for details of
performing the installation of options into the motherboard 
expansion slots and for instructions on mounting a hard disk and
floppy disk in the system.


 Section Three          Software Installation

3.1 Introduction

The following procedure will guide you through the preparation of 
a single hard disk using DOS.  A CDC Wren III HH is used as an 
example drive that when formatted, gives 94 Megabytes of disk 
capacity.  At the end of this procedure, the ESDI drive will be 
formatted with  two 33.5 megabyte volumes and one 27 megabyte 
volume. 

This software installation process allows an entire ESDI drive to 
be used under DOS 3.0, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.  These all have a 33.5 
MB limitation for one logical drive. Under DOS 3.3, DOS FDISK 
permits using drives greater than 33.5 MB by creating an Extended 
Partition that is divided into logical drives. Under DOS 3.0, 
3.1, and 3.2, the Adaptec Volume Partitioning Program plus the
Adaptec Device Driver allows using drives greater than 33.5 MB by 
dividing the drive into volumes of capacities up to 33.5 MB. The 
drive can also be formatted by the controller to be used by non-
DOS operating systems and device drivers.  

Caution:  If you encounter any problems while attempting to 
perform. this installation, refer to Chapter 4, Trouble-shooting.

3.2  Adaptec ACB-232X Software Installation Flowchart

The software installation process is best described by the 
following flowchart.  This process is consistent across the
entire ACB-23XX Family of AT controllers. 

Note that three possible paths may be taken. All paths follow the 
same first 7 steps. 

Path 1 through 7 and 8A through 12A is used for DOS 3.3.

Path 1 through 7 and 8B through 18B is used for DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 
3.2, and for drives with more than 1024 cylinders under DOS.

Path 1 through 9A is used for UNIX, XENIX, Novell, OS/2 and 3rd-party 
partitioning software.

3.3  Adaptec ACB-232X Format Procedure for a Single hard DISK Drive

Step 1  Setting Up the PC/AT Configuration RAM for a Single Hard 
Disk With the Appropriate Drive Type

After you have completed the hardware installation of your ACB-
232X and hard disk drive, turn the system power switch on. Boot
from the PC/AT diagnostics diskette or any diskette that contains 
software for configuring the PC/AT SETUP parameters (CMOS RAM).

Note:  When booting the PC/AT with an UNFORMATTED hard disk 
installed, the system may report a "1790" disk failure.  Ignore 
the message, press F1 to continue.

Invoke the SETUP RAM configuration software (i.e., option four in 
the IBM PC/AT diagnostics program). Then follow the SETUP 
program's menu to set up your system for a single hard disk. Be 
sure to choose a drive type that is a subset of the actual disk 
parameters. The number of cylinders indicated by the drive type 
specified must be less than  the actual number of cylinders on 
your drive. For example, with the IBM/AT, use drive type 1 
(smallest available drive type) regardless of the actual drive 
configuration. This is necessary for proper operation of the 
PC/AT power-on diagnostics.

After the PC/AT internal configuration has been set up, reboot 
the system with DOS Version 3.0 or higher.

Step 2   Use DEBUG to enter the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program 

Put a disk with a copy of DOS' DEBUG program into the floppy 
drive and invoke the program by typing DEBUG at the DOS prompt, 
and press return (see screen dump below). At the debug prompt, 
type G=C800:5 and press return. This will invoke Adaptec's Disk 
Preparation Program.


Step 3   Start  the Adaptec Primary Format 

Next, select Option 0 to format the drive. If the drive has been 
previously formatted with an ACB-2322 controller, the saved 
cylinder and head count will be displayed. With an unformatted 
drive, the number  of cylinders, heads and sectors are read from 
the ESDI drive.

If the number of cylinders and heads displayed does not match 
what is expected, type an N,  exit the program and check the ESDI 
drive jumper configuration. Enter Y to continue formatting the 
drive. An example of what you should see on the screen is shown
below.

Note:  One cylinder on the drive is reserved for use by the 
controller. The controller automatically subtracts this cylinder 
from the total number of available cylinders on the drive.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

        A>DEBUG <CR>
        -G=C800:5       <CR>

        Adaptec ESDI Disk Preparation Program V 1.0
        Copyright (c) 1987  Adaptec, Inc.  All rights   reserved.

        Choose:
           0 - to primary format the drive
           1 - to create DOS & Adaptec logical partitions
           2 - to select another drive, 
           (drive 0 is currently selected)
           3 - to generate Adaptec logical partition device driver
           4 - to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device driver
           5 - to end this program

Enter your selection :  0  <CR>

Drive 0 has 1022 cylinders, 5 heads, 36 sectors

All data in it will be LOST!!! continue (y/n)? Y <CR>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 4   Choose to ERASE or NOT ERASE the Adaptec Saved Defect List 

If your drive was previously formatted with Adaptec's ACB-232X, 
the saved defect list will now be displayed. NORMALLY DO NOT 
ERASE THE SAVED DEFECT LIST. It is your choice to ERASE or NOT 
ERASE the Adaptec saved defect list. If you choose to erase, say 
if the controller, drive or cables were incorrectly set or 
defective, then ONLY the Adaptec saved list will be erased. The 
manufacturer's defect is always PROTECTED from erasure.

Step 5  Enter Any More Defects

Next, the program will prompt you for the drive defect format. If 
you have no additional defect locations to enter, then select 
Option 0. Otherwise, choose the defect format that matches the 
list of defects you wish to enter.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                Saved defect list (cyl/physical sector) :
                Surface 0:
                                        994/10  208/28  (for example)
                Surface 1:
                
                Surface 2:

                Surface 3:
        Want to ERASE saved defect list (y/n) ?  N  <CR>

        Please specify additional defect format:

                0 - No Additional Defects
                1 - Cyl/Head/byte offset
                2 - Head/Cyl/byte offset
                3 - Cyl/Head/Logical Sector             

        your selection :  0  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 6   Select Interleave Factor 

Now select an interleave by typing the desired interleave factor 
(1 to 12) and pressing return. An interleave factor of one is 
used in the example below. If you have entered a defect list, it 
will be displayed on the screen for you to verify. Note that the 
defect locations have been translated into cylinder/logical 
sector format. Surface numbers correspond to head numbers.

Step 7   Primary Format the Drive, Automatic Data Verification 
and Automatic Flagging of Bad  Sectors 

Check to be sure that all of the parameters that you have entered 
are correct, then enter Y to continue.  Enter Y to primary format 
the drive. The controller will now perform the primary format. 
The program formats the drive from high cylinder to low cylinder, 
marking the defects as bad sectors. After formatting each track, 
the program will write and verify the track with worst case data 
patterns. Any defective sectors found during this write/verify 
process that are not in the defect list will be added to the 
defect list. The same track is reformatted with the newly found 
defective sectors marked bad. The track is then written and again 
verified against defects. The process is repeated for every track 
on the drive. ECC retries are disabled during this verification.

When the controller has finished formatting the drive, you should 
see "Format complete!" displayed at the bottom of the screen, 
indicating a successful format. An example of what you should see 
on the screen is shown below.

Note: If the format operation does not complete properly, (i.e., 
Format complete! is not displayed after formatting) see Chapter 
4, Troubleshooting.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

        Interleave (1 to 12) :  1  <CR>

        Total defect list (cyl/sector) :
        
        Surface 0:
                                944/10  208/28 (for example)
        Surface 1:
                         
        Surface 2:

        Surface 3:
                         
        Are the above correct (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>
        
        Will format the drive.  Continue (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>
        
        Formatting Drive ...
        
        Head XX  Cyl XXXX

        Format complete !

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Steps 8A-12A Logical Partitioning Using DOS 3.3 
(See Steps 8B-18B for DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2)

Step 8A  Create One Volume for the Entire Disk

Now that the drive has been primary formatted, it is necessary to 
configure the drive as a single DOS 3.3 volume. From the main 
menu, choose Option 1 ("To create DOS & Adaptec logical 
partitions(volumes)") to create a volume on the drive.

Adaptec's volume partition menu will then be displayed on the 
screen. Choose Option 0 to create a volume, and select volume 
number 1 (drive C:) as the volume number to be created. Enter the 
total number of cylinders available (displayed on the program 
menu) as the number of cylinders to be used by this volume. An 
example, using 1022 cylinders, of what should be displayed on the 
screen is shown below.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 1022 cylinders, 5 heads, 36 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End     Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1               C                       9
2                                       10
3                                       11
4                                       12
5                                       13
6                                       14
7                                       15
8                                       16
        Choose :        0 - to create a volume
                1 - to delete a volume
                2 - to FDISK a volume
                3 - to return to main program
enter your selection :  0  <CR>
volume number :  1  <CR>
Volume 1 always starts from cyl. 0
number of cyl. (each cyl. will have 90 KB):1022 <CR>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Adaptec's Volume Partitioning Program will ask you to verify that 
what you have entered is correct before it writes these 
parameters on disk. If you are satisfied with the parameters that 
are displayed, then type Y and press return.

Note:  Cylinders are numbered beginning with 0; thus, in the 
example below, the 1022 available cylinders used in partition 1 
are labeled as cylinders 0 through 1021.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 1022 cylinders, 5 heads, 36 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End     Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1               C       0       1021    9
2                                       10
3                                       11
4                                       12
5                                       13
6                                       14
7                                       15
8                                       16

        Are the above correct (y/n) ?  Y  <CR>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


Step 9A  Exit Adaptec Disk Preparation Program

Exit the Adaptec primary format routine by first selecting option 
3 to return to the main menu, and then selecting Option 5 to end 
the program (exit to DOS).

Step 10A  Preparing the Disk for Use by DOS 3.3 With the DOS FDISK Program

At this point, the primary format of your hard disk is complete. 
The disk must now be FDISK partitioned by DOS  3.3.

Insert a diskette containing a copy of the DOS 3.3 FDISK and 
FORMAT programs in the floppy disk drive. Use FDISK to create one 
primary DOS partition of any size up to 33.5 MB. DOS 3.3 
automatically limits the primary partition to be 33.5 MB. Next, 
select the extended partition and use the remaining number of 
cylinders for the extended partition.  Lastly, divide the 
extended partition into logical drives D:, E:, F:,... of any 
desired size. Return to DOS 3.3 when finished.

Step 11A  Use DOS FORMAT to High Level Format Drive C:, D:, E:, 
F:,...

Use FORMAT C:/S to format and copy the DOS 3.3 system to drive 
C:.  Use FORMAT D:, FORMAT E:, FORMAT F:, to format the remaining 
logical drives.

Step 12A  Now reboot system from drive C:

The disk preparation is now complete and you are ready to reboot 
and copy programs to drive C:, D:, E:, F:,...


Steps 8B-18B Logical Partitioning Using Adaptec Logical 
Partitioning Program and DOS 3.0, 3.1 or 3.2

With DOS Version 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2, the amount of hard disk 
storage accessible by the operating system is limited to two 
physical volumes of up to 32 MB each. Thus, to fully utilize the 
capacity of drives with more than 32 MB, the Adaptec Volume 
Partitioning Program allows a single drive to be logically 
divided into as many as 16 volumes of up to 32 MB each. The 
loadable device driver, supplied in the Adaptec ACB-BIOS, then 
provides DOS with the ability to access all of the logical 
drives.

The following procedure describes the steps necessary to format 
your hard disk with multiple Adaptec logical partitions. It also 
describes how to load the Adaptec device driver from the ACB-232X 
ACB-BIOS onto your bootable floppy and hard disk.

Step 8B  Creation of Multiple Volumes on a single Physical Disk

Steps 1 through 7 have given us a hard disk that has a primary 
format but must be divided into volumes that are less than, or 
equal to, the DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 limitation of 32 MB.

To calculate the exact number of cylinders to use for your 
volume, given the maximum DOS volume to be 32 MB, record the 
number of kilobytes-per-cylinder displayed by the program. Divide 
this number into the amount of storage you desire to get the 
correct number of cylinders needed. Remember, 1 megabyte = 1024 
kilobytes. Thus, if your drive has 90 KB per cylinder and you 
want to create a 32 MB partition (32 x 1024 = 32, 768 KB), then 
the number of cylinders needed would be 32,768 KB/90 KB = 364 
cylinders.

Now  select option 1 to create DOS & Adaptec logical volumes.  
Next, create a volume of up to 32 MB, say using 364 cylinders for 
the first two volumes and 294 cylinders for the last volume. 
Create a volume by selecting option 0. The first volume starts at 
cylinder 0 and ends at cylinder 363. 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 1022 cylinders, 5 heads, 36 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End     Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1               C       0       363     9
2                                       10
3                                       11
4                                       12
5                                       13
6                                       14
7                                       15
8                                       16
        Choose :        0 - to create a volume
                1 - to delete a volume
                2 - to FDISK a volume
                3 - to return to main program
enter your selection :  0  <CR>
volume number :  1  <CR>
volume 1 always starts from cyl. 0
number of cyl. (each cyl. will have 90 KB): 364 <CR>

        Are the above correct (y/n) ?   Y  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


Adaptec's Volume Partitioning Program will ask you to verify that 
what you have entered is correct before it writes these 
parameters to the hard disk. If you are satisfied with the 
parameters that are displayed, then type "Y" and press return.

Proceed for volume 2 and 3 given the above starting and ending 
cylinder values.  Option 0, for volume 2, start at cylinder 364, 
and go for 364 cylinders. 

Check correctness? Y.  Option 0, for volume 3, start at cylinder 
728, and go for 294 cylinders. Check correctness? Y.

The second volume starts at cylinder 364 and ends at 727. The 
last volume starts at cylinder 728 and ends at 1021.

Step 9B  Use Adaptec FDISK to FDISK volume 2 (Volume 1 will later 
be FDISKed by DOS).

The Adaptec FDISK option must now be used to create an active 
partition in the volume. Choose to FDISK a volume option by 
typing 2 and pressing return. The program will ask you which 
volume you would like to FDISK. Choose volume 2.


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Volume Partition Program
Drive 0 has 1022 cylinders, 5 heads, 36 sectors
Vol #   Drive   Start   End     Vol #   Drive   Start   End

1               C       0       363     9
2                       364     727     10
3                       728     1021    11
4                                       12
5                                       13
6                                       14
7                                       15
8                                       16
        Choose :        0 - to create a volume
                1 - to delete a volume
                2 - to FDISK a volume
                3 - to return to main program
        please enter your selection :  2  <CR>
        volume number :  2  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 10B  Create a DOS Partition for the Entire Volume 2, and 
Format the Partition(Volume)

Choose option 0 to create a DOS partition. Make it the same size 
as the volume.  In this case, choose partition 1 to start at 
cylinder 364 and go for 364 cylinders. Next check for correctness, 
then answer Y, then if you are sure again answer Y.  The Adaptec 
FDISK program will automatically DOS FORMAT the drive at this time.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Part #   Start   End     Mode       O.S.   Status
        1
        2
        3
        4
        Choose :        0 - to create a DOS partition
			 1 - to activate a partition
                2 - to delete a partition
                3 - to format a DOS partition
                4 - to return to volume partition program
        please enter your selection :  0  <CR>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Part #   Start   End     Mode    O.S.   Status
        1
        2
        3
        4
creating a partition
partition number :  1  <CR>
starting cyl. : 364  <CR>
number of cyl. (each cyl. will have 90 KB) : 364<CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Step 11B  Now Activate Partition #1 for Volume 2. Then repeat 
Steps 9B, 10B and 11B for volume 3.

Now select option 1 to activate partition # 1. The display will 
match your selection.

Next, return to the volume partition program by choosing option 4 
and repeating Steps 9B, 10 B and 11B. Values for volume 3, 
partition 1 are: starting cylinder is 728 and number of cylinders 
is 294. Next check for correctness, then answer Y, then if you 
are sure again answer Y.  

Lastly, return to the volume partition program by choosing 4, 
then to the main menu by choosing 3.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Part #  Start   End     Mode    O.S.   Status
        1       364     727     unformatted     not active
        2
        3
        4
Are the above correct (y/n) ? Y  <CR>   

Will format the partition.  All data will be LOST !!! continue (y/n)?  Y <CR>

Head XX   Cylinder XXXX

Part #  Start   End     Mode    O.S.   Status
        1       364     727     formatted       not active 
        2
        3
        4

Choose :        0 - to create a DOS partition
        		 1 - to activate a partition
                2 - to delete a partition
                3 - to format a DOS partition
                4 - to return to volume partition program
        please enter your selection :  1  <CR>
        
        activating a partition
        partition number :  1  <CR>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You have now completed the creation of a logical Adaptec volume 
with an active partition. Remember, Adaptec volumes can only be 
accessed by DOS through the use of the Adaptec device driver. 

Step 12B  Copy the Adaptec Device Driver from the ACB-BIOS to the 
floppy

The volume partition can now be used by DOS if the Adaptec device 
driver is installed.

From the main program menu select Option 3 ("Generate Device Driver").

Option 3 will allow you to load a copy of the Adaptec device 
driver onto a floppy diskette. Insert a bootable floppy diskette 
with at least 5 KB of available storage into drive A: . Next, 
enter the name you wish to use for the device driver at the 
prompt. In the example below, the name "ADAPTEC" is given for the 
device driver file name.

enter file name:  A:\ADAPTEC  <CR>

A copy of the Adaptec device driver will now be written on your 
floppy diskette.

Step 13B  Exit the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program

Now, exit the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program by selecting 
Option 5 from the main menu. Control will be returned to DOS, and 
you should see the DOS "A:>" prompt.

Step 14B        Use DOS FDISK to FDISK C: only

At this point, the primary format, volume partition and high 
level format for D: and E: are complete. Only Drive C: needs to 
be FDISKed by DOS 3.0, 3.1 or 3.2.  

Insert a diskette containing a copy of the DOS  FDISK and FORMAT 
programs in the floppy disk drive. Use FDISK to create one  DOS 
partition  for fixed disk Drive 1. Return to DOS when finished.

Step 15B  Use DOS FORMAT to High Level Format Drive C:/S only.

Use FORMAT C:/S to format and copy the DOS system to drive C:.  

Step 16B        Copy the Adaptec Device Driver from the floppy to drive C:

Use COPY A:ADAPTEC C:  to copy the device driver to C:.

Step 17B  Create  CONFIG.SYS on drive C:

In order for DOS to use the Adaptec device driver, it must be 
installed when the system boots. This is accomplished by using
any text editor or COPY CON to create a CONFIG.SYS file that 
contains the command:

DEVICE=file name, where "file name" is the name given to the 
Adaptec device driver (ADAPTEC in the example above). If you 
already have a CONFIG.SYS file for your system, then simply add 
this line to the file.

Step 18B  Now reboot system from drive C:

The disk preparation is now complete and you are ready to reboot 
and copy programs to drive C:, D:, and E:

Now, whenever you boot from your hard disk, the system will boot 
from drive C: and the Adaptec device driver will be automatically 
installed.

4.1 Introduction

This section describes the procedures needed to troubleshoot 
problems that may arise when installing the Adaptec ACB-232X 
controller board. These are the most commonly found problems and 
are not inclusive of every application.

CAUTION: When troubleshooting problems, use the most basic system 
configuration. That is, one hard disk drive on the ACB-232X and 
all other devices such as printers, modems, etc. removed. Once 
the system works for the basic configuration, add drives and 
devices to the system one at a time and retest after each 
addition.

If these procedures fail to give a solution to your problem, 
recheck your steps, read the entire manual, document the problem 
and check with the technical support department where you bought 
the controller.


4.2 Adaptec ACB-2322 Troubleshooting Checklist

Q       A 1790 Error is normal for an unformatted drive. just press F1 to 
continue.

Q       For the ACB-2322, check floppy cables. Be sure J1 goes to both drives. 
Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If 
only one drive is being used, only the last connector on the twisted cable 
should be used.

Q       Make sure the drive is ESDI compatible. Check with the 
drive manufacturer.

Q       Check to see that the SETUP program and CMOS RAM show 
drive type 1 is selected.

Q       Check that the hard drive jumpers are correct for sector 
size, hard or soft sectors, power-on spin-up and drive select.

Q       Check jumpers on controller.

Q       Check hard disk cables; for the ACB-2322, be sure J3 goes
to Drive 1, J2 goes to Drive 2, and J4 goes to both drives. Be 
sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to Pin 1 of the 
drive. If only one drive is being used, only J3 and J4 should be 
used.

        For the ACB-2320, be sure J1 goes to Drive 1, J2 goes to 
Drive 2, and J3 goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the 
controller is connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive 
is being used, only J1 and J3 should be used. Do not use a floppy
cable on the hard drive.

Q       Check that the terminator on each drive is set properly 
(see Section 2.6, Step 1).

Q       Check that the power supply can support the added current 
required by the drive. Be sure that the +5V and +12V voltages are 
correct. Consult with the drive vendor for the correct drive 
power requirements.

Q       You must always create a volume after the low-level 
format has finished. If DOS FDISK shows only 1 or 2 cylinders, 
you did not create a volume.

Q       When using Adaptec partitioning, remember to Activate 
each partition after using Adaptec's "FDISK".

Q       The cylinders above 1024 cannot be accessed by DOS. 
Adaptec's Partitioning and Driver must be used.

Q       For system hang or boot problems, try installing the BUS 
WAIT STATE jumper. The DTK 10MHz system needs this jumper 
installed on the controller.

Q       Some AT systems will continue to retry booting to the hard drive even 
        though it has not been formatted yet. You will have to allow this 
        re-trying to continue for up to two minutes before the system 
        will boot to the floppy drive. Then you can proceed to Debug and 
        format the drive.

Q       "Recal error" is usually caused by improper cabling, or 
         Drive Select jumpers.

Q       Install the autoconfiguration driver for conflicts with 
        cache programs or expanded memory. See Appendix VI for details.

Q       If none of the above steps cure the problem, then swap 
        out components in this order:

        Replace the cables with a known-good set of cables.
        Swap the drive with a known-good drive.
        Swap the ACB-232X controller with another ACB-232X controller.

4.3 Controller Error Codes

Tables 4-1 through 4-5 specify class 00, 01, 02, 03, and 04 error 
codes which may be returned by the ACB-2322. Note that the most 
significant bit (the address valid bit) of the one-byte error 
code may be set in some cases. Thus, 80-8F, 90-9F, A0-AF, B0-BF, 
and C0-CF are also valid errors corresponding to error codes 00-
0F, 10-1F, 20-2F, 30-3F, and 40-4F, respectively.

table 4-1.  class 00 error codes (drive errors)

        Code    Error
        00      No Error Occurred During Last Command
        01      No Index Signal Found
        02      No Seek Complete Found
        03      Write Fault Found
        04      Drive Not Ready
        05      Q Not Assigned Q
        06      No Track 00 Signal
        07      Q Not Assigned Q
        08      Seek Operation Not Yet Complete
        09      Q Not Assigned Q
        0A      Q Not Assigned Q
        OB      ESDI Interface Fault
        OC      ESDI Seek Fault
        OD      ESDI Parity Error
        OE      Bad ESDI Configuration
        OF      Q Not Assigned Q


table 4-2.  class 01 error codes (data recover errors)

        Code    Error

        10      ID ECC Error
        11      Uncorrectable Data ECC Error Found
        12      ID Address Mark Not Found
                (sector not found)
        13      Data Address Mark Not Found
        14      Sector Not Found (no ID errors found)
        15      Seek Error (wrong cylinder)
        16      No ID AM and ID ECC error 
                (sector not found)
        17      Q Not Assigned Q
        18      Corrected ECC Error(s)
        19      Access to Sector Flagged As Bad
        1A      Format Error Detected
        1B-1F   Q Not Assigned Q


table 4-3.  class 02 error codes (system-related errors)

        Code    Error

        20      Invalid Command
        21      Illegal Parameter (cyl., head, sector)
        22      Q Not Assigned Q
        23      Cylinder Overflow (during command)
        24      Format Command With the Wrong Number of 
                Sectors Per Track
        25-2F   Q Not Assigned Q


table 4-4.  class 03 error codes (diagnostics errors)

        Code    Error

        30      Internal CPU RAM Failed
        31      Controller ROM Checksum Error
        32      ECC Diagnostic Failed
        33      SERDES RAM Failed
        34      Disk Buffer RAM Failed
        35      Buffer Controller Registers Failed
        36      Drive Interface IC Failed
        37      Host Interface IC Failed
        38      CPU Self-Test Failed
        39-3F   Q Not Assigned Q


table 4-5.  class 04 error codes (timeouts and misc. errors)

        Code    Error

        40      Data Time-Out
        41      Format Time-Out
        42      SERDES Time-Out
        43      Selection Time-Out


2.4.4 BIOS Error Codes

Table 4-6 specifies error codes that may be returned during format or verify.

table 4-6.  bios error codes

        Code    Error

        01      Bad Command Passed to Disk I/O
        02      Address Mark Not Found
        04      Requested Sector Not Found
        05      Reset Failed
        07      Drive Parameter Activity Failed
        09      Attempt to DMA Across 64K Boundary
        0A      Access to Bad Sector
        0B      Bad Track Flag Detected
        10      Bad ECC on Disk Read
        11      ECC Corrected Data Error
        20      Controller Timeout
        40      Seek Operation Failed
        80      Attachment Failed to Respond
        BB      Undefined Error Occurred
        FF      Sense Operation Failed


Adaptec, Inc.
691 south milpitas blvd. 
milpitas, california 95035 
(408) 945-8600


Installing SCO XENIX V.2.2 with Adaptec ACB-23XX Disk Controllers
Adaptec ACB-23XX controllers are fully compatible with SCO Xenix 
V.2.2 and newer. The following instructions describe the process 
for installing the Xenix operating system on a disk subsystem 
using an Adaptec AT disk controller.

The following items are required to successfully perform this 
installation:
   1) SCO XENIX V.2.2 or newer. Operating system software and documentation
   2) DOS 3.1 or newer, Operating system software and documentation
   3) PC AT-compatible computer
   4) Adaptec ACB-23XX disk controller
   5) Hard disk drive (ESDI for use with ACB-232X, RLL for ACB-237X)

1.0 INSTALLING THE DISK SUBSYSTEM

First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT 
and formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 
(Hardware Installation) and 3 (Software Installation) of the 
Adaptec ACB-23XX User's Manual.

During the software installation process (Section 3 of the ACB-
23XX User's Manual), it is necessary to create a volume on the 
hard disk. At this point, a single partition must be created that 
contains all of the available cylinders on the drive. (Follow the 
instructions given for preparing a disk for use with DOS 3.3.)

When the hard disk has been successfully formatted with a single 
volume for the entire disk, you are ready to proceed with the 
installation of the Xenix operating system.

2.0 INSTALLING THE XENIX OPERATING SYSTEM

To install Xenix, follow the installation instructions given in 
the SCO XENIX System V Operating System Run Time Environment (HW) 
reference manual. The instructions are given in Chapter 2, 
"Installation Procedure"> During this installation process, the 
dkinit program (invoked by hdinit) is used to set the parameters
for the hard disk. At his point, be sure to select option 1 
(Display current disk parameters) and verify that the values 
displayed for cylinders, heads and sectors/track are correct. If 
the parameters are not correct, please retry this installation 
procedure. If correct, continue with the Xenix installation as 
directed.

If any problems are encountered during the Xenix installation, 
please see Section 2.7 of the SCO Xenix, Run Time Environment 
(HW) reference for troubleshooting information.

OS/2 Installation Procedure and Adaptec ACB-23XX Compatibility 
with MS OS/2 and IBM OS/2

1.0 OS/2 COMPATIBILITY

Adaptec ACB-23XX controllers have been tested successfully with
IBM OS/2 version 1.0. However, due to a problem discovered with 
Microsoft's version of OS/2, any 1:1 interleave hard disk 
controller is not compatible with the current MS OS/2 revision 
1.0. A specific revision of the Microsoft OS/2 hard disk device
driver is required for reliable operation of any ACB-23XX product 
with MS OS/2 1.0.

2.0 NEW DISK01.SYS REQUIRED FOR MS OS/2 OPERATION

The name of the device driver that must be replaced is 
DISK01.SYS. This device driver is available from Microsoft, 
although a specific revision number of the file was not available 
at the time this note was written. However, the driver can be 
referenced as the latest revision of DISK01.SYS. For those on the 
Microsoft developers program, it is also available on the 
Microsoft developers bulletin board as DISK01.NEW. Also, the new 
revision of the device driver will be supplied in the next 
release of OS/2 from Microsoft. This driver was originally made 
available to correct problems observed when MS OS/2 was used on 
Compaq 386 machines with a 1:1 interleave, ESDI hard disk 
subsystem. The failure mode, observed when using the DISK01.SYS 
supplied with MS OS/2 1.0, was a random rebooting of the system 
during, and/or after, reading data from the hard disk.

Microsoft OS/2 versions 1.0 and 1.02, with the replacement disk 
device driver (described above), have been tested with the ACB-
23XX controllers and were found to be fully compatible.

3.0 WINDOWS COMPATIBILITY

Microsoft Windows 286 and Windows 386 have both been tested and 
are fully compatible with Adaptec's ACB-23XX products. Both 
software packages work whether invoked from the DOS operating 
system, or from the DOS compatibility window under the OS/2 
operating system.

4.0 OS/2 INSTALLATION

Disk preparation under OS/2 is very similar to DOS disk 
preparation. OS/2 uses the FDISK.COM and FORMAT.COM programs to 
create and format OS/2 partitions on the fixed disk. The 
following instructions outline basic fixed disk preparation, and 
OS/2 installation.

First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT 
and formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 
(Hardware Installation) and 3 (Software Installation) of the 
Adaptec ACB-23XX User's Manual. You will need the DOS operating 
system and DEBUG utility to successfully complete this 
installation. OS/2 does not have a DEBUG-like utility.

During the software installation process (Section 3 of the ACB-
23XX User's Manual), it is necessary to create a volume on the 
hard disk. At this point, a single partition must be created that 
contains all of the available cylinders on the drive. (Follow the 
instructions given for preparing a disk for use with DOS 3.3).

When the hard disk has been successfully formatted with a single 
volume for the entire disk, you are ready to proceed with the 
installation of the OS/2 operating system.

Finally, insert the OS/2 installation diskette in the floppy 
drive, and press Ctrl+Alt+Del to reboot the system. The OS/2 
operating system will boot and the installation program will 
automatically guide you through the FDISK and FORMAT procedures 
for your fixed disk, as well as completing the OS/2 installation.

INSTALLING ISC UNIX 386/ix  WITH ADAPTEC ACB-23XX DISK CONTROLLERS

Adaptec ACB-23XX controllers are fully compatible with ISC UNIX 
SYSTEM V 386/ix, and newer. The following instructions describe 
the process for installing the Xenix operating system on a disk 
subsystem using an Adaptec AT disk controller.

The following items are required to successfully perform this installation:

  1) ISC UNIX 386/ix, or newer. Operating system software and documentation. 
  2) PC AT-compatible computer.
  3) Adaptec ACB-23XX disk controller
  4) Hard disk drive (ESDI for use with ACB-232X, RLL for ACB-237X).

1.0 INSTALLING THE DISK SUBSYSTEM

First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT 
and formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 
(Hardware Installation) and 3 (Software Installation).

During the software installation process (Section 3 of the ACB-
23XX User's Manual), it is necessary to create a volume on the 
hard disk. At this point, a single partition must be created that 
contains all of the available cylinders on the drive. (Follow the 
instructions given for preparing a disk for use with DOS 3.3.

When the hard disk has been successfully formatted with a single 
volume for the entire disk, you are ready to proceed with the 
installation of the Xenix operating system.

2.0 INSTALLING THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM

To install Unix, follow the installation instructions given in 
the ISC Unix 386/ix User's Manual titled "Using 386/ix Products 
Managing 386/ix Products. The instructions are given in Section 
3, "Installation Procedure".

Novell 2.0a Software Patch for use with Adaptec ACB-23XX Disk Controllers


This software patch allows  Novell Advanced Netware to operate 
with the Adaptec ACB-23XX family of products. The patch provides 
support for hard disks with greater than 17 sectors per track. 
This patch may be used with the following versions of Novell 
Netware.  Novell 2.0a /SFT-1, and /SFT-2

1.0 THE FILES TO BE MODIFIED

For the /SFT versions of Novell 2.0a, the following files, found 
on the Installation diskette, must be modified:
COMPSURF.EXE
INSTALL.EXE
DISKED.EXE
LOADER.DAT, and

The following additional files, found on the Genos-4 diskette, 
must  also be modified:
NET$OS.OBJ
PREPARE.EXE

2.0 PATCHING THE FILES

Using an editor capable of modifying executable files, (Norton 
Utilities, AT86, etc.) the following strings of machine code must 
be changed in each of the files listed above for your version of 
Novell 2.0a.  The procedure for making these changes consists of: 
first loading the file into memory, then searching the file for 
the hexidecimal  string to be modified, and finally, changing the 
appropriate bytes as shown below. Note that some of these strings 
may appear more than once in a single file.

ORIGINAL
HEX STRING	CHANGE TO NEW HEX STRING FOR:

17 sectors/track	26 sect/trk	34 sect/trk	35 sect/trk	36 sect/trk

8AC1241F	8AC1241F	8AC1243F	8AC1243F	8AC1243F
FE22		FE34	FE44	FE46	FE48
EE22		EE34	EE44	EE46	EE48
3C12		3C1B	3C23	3C24	3C25
B911		B91A	B922	B923	B924
B96400BAF701	B90002BAF701	B90002BAF701	B90002BAF701	B90002BAF701
The last change listed is in the LOADER.DAT file only.
80E11F		80E11F	80E13F	80E13F	80E13F
	
You must still modify your system BIOS to provide a drive type 
table with the correct number of cylinders and sectors per track 
for Novell 2.0a to run.  After low-level format, the Adaptec BIOS 
must be disabled by removing the BIOS address selection jumper 
from the controller (i.e, remove any jumper from J11 on ACB-
2322).  Novell 2.0a does not support a disk with  capacity 
greater than 250 MBytes. The system BIOS drive type table must 
specify less than 250 MBytes worth of storage. Use the following 
to calculate the maximum number of cylinders that may be 
specified:

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CYLINDERS = 512,000 V (SECTORS PER TRACK  X  HEAD COUNT)

Upredictable results may occur when attempting to use a disk with 
greater than 250 MBytes of storage.


TECH NOTE DISK MANAGER P N

Ontrack's DISK MANAGER-N (DMN) is a software package that allows 
the preparation and installation of disk drives as Novell file 
servers. With DMN's preparation software a disk can be installed 
28 times faster than with Novell's Compsurf. DMN also provides 
for the installation of disk drives not listed in the file server 
computer's BIOS. This allows users to select disk drives of their 
own choice.

Up until now, DMN would only run with Netware compatible 
controllers. We are very pleased to announce that this is no 
longer the case. DISK MANAGER-N Version 2.3 due to be released in 
April, 1988 will contain support for the following Adaptec 
controllers:
	ACB-2370 RLL
	ACB-2372 RLL w/floppy
	
	ACB-2320 ESDI
	ACB-2322 ESDI w/floppy

DMN is compatible with Advanced Netware 2.0A and 2.1 and Entry 
Level Systems 2.0 and 2.1.

Due to the limitation of 1024 cylinders on any given drive the 
maximum capacity is 286 MB/drive.

ONTRACK's next release DMN version 3.0 due in June will alleviate 
the 1024 cylinder barrier.

If you have any questions, please feel free to give us a call at 
1-800-752-1333.

Adaptec Auto-configuration

Auto-configuration for non-listed drive types.

In DOS 3.X, Interrupts 60-67 are available for use as vectors to 
user programs.

Adaptec 23XX controllers use the memory space occupied  by Int 
60-67 as a data area, instead of for vector pointers. We store 
the drive parameters there, in a table. Sixteen bytes (Int 60-63) 
are for drive 1, and 16 bytes (Int 64-67) are for drive 2. these 
tables contain the true cylinder, head and sector count for each 
drive. This feature allows the user to install hard drives that 
do not match the standard list of drive types in the AT BIOS.

Occasionally, products such as expanded memory or disk caching, 
will want to use Interrupts 60-67 as vectors to their code. This 
will conflict with our use of these locations, because our drive 
table will be overwritten by their pointers.

For this special case, we have included an auto-configuration 
driver in your controller BIOS. This driver can be downloaded 
from your controller and put into a CONFIG.SYS file on your hard 
drive. At system boot, DOS will execute the device driver. With 
the driver installed, we do not use Int 60-67 to store the drive
parameter table. Instead, the standard hard drive interrupts 41 
and 46 are used as vectors to point to our drive table, which is 
now in a protected memory location reserved by DOS.

When to use the auto-configuration driver.

If you have created volumes using Adaptec's partitioning, and put 
the partitioning driver into a CONFIG.SYS file, then you do not 
need the autoconfiguration driver. (It is included in the 
partitioning driver.)

If you did not use Adapte'c partitioning driver, you may want to 
copy the auto-configuration driver into a CONFIG.SYS file on your 
boot disk. This will ensure that no software will conflict with 
your hard disk table. However, if you have no software that used
Int 60-67, you can run without a device driver installed.

The following have been reported to need Int 60-67 locations:

	Superpck Cache		Triangle CICS/PC Emulator
	Desqview			Columbia Kermit
	IBM Displaywrite 3	Wang Terminal-Emulator cards

How to use the auto-configuration driver

The auto-configuration driver is accessible by using the DEBUG 
program from your hard dirve or your DOS floppy.

At the prompt enter:
	
	A>DEBUG  <CR>
	-G=C800:5  <CR>

The Adaptec Disk Preparation Menu will come up on the screen.

Choose option 4, "to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device driver".

Now you can copy the driver into a file that you name. If your C 
drive is already formatted, you can copy the driver to C. (If 
not, then copy the driver to a file on your A: floppy. After your 
C drive is formatted, then copy the driver from A, over to the C 
drive.)

	enter file name: C: ADAPTEC.DVR  <CR>

A copy of the driver will now be written onto the specified drive.

Now create or modify your CONFIG.SYS file to include the driver.

If you have an already existing CONFIG.SYS file on your hard 
drive, then modify the file to have DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR as the 
first statement.

If you do not have an existing CONFIG.SYS file, then create one 
in the following way:

	C>COPYCONCONFIG.SYS  <CR>
	DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR  <F6> <CR>

Now your drive table will be located in a protected area at boot time.

Adaptec's ACB-23XX Family

I/O DRIVER STATUS
VENDOR			O/S			REVISION		AVAIL.		SUPPORT

Interactive Systems	Unix 386/ix	1.03			Now			ACB-23XX
Corporation					1.04			Now
2401 Colorado Ave.
Santa Monica, CA 90404
213-453-8649

Santa Cruz 		SCO XENIX V	2.2			Now			ACB-23XX
Operation			/286/386
400 Encinal St.
P.O. Box 1900
Santa Cruz, CA
95061-9990
408-425-7222

Microsoft Corp.	PC/MS DOS		3.X			Now			ACB-23XX
16011 N.E. 36th Way	
Box 97017			MS/OS/2 with	1.0			Now			ACB-23XX
Redmond, WA		DISK01.SYS
98073-9717		MS OS/2		1.02 	Call Microsoft		ACB-23XX
206-882-8080

Microport Systems	System V/386	2.2RLL		Now			ACB-237X
10 Victor Square
Scotts Valley, CA							June			ACB-232X
95066
800-722-UNIX
800-822-UNIX (In CA)

Ontrack Computer	Novell		2.0a			April		ACB-23XX
Systems			2.1						April	
6200 Bury Drive
Eden Prairie, MN
55346
612-937-5815

The Software Link	PC-MOS					Now			ACB-23XX
3577 Parkway Ln.	max. 35 s/tk
Atlanta, GA 30092	
404-448-5465

IBM Corp.			OS/2	Std.		1.0			Now			ACB-23XX
Old Orchard Rd.	
Armonk, Ny 10504	OS/2	Std.		1.1			Now samples	ACB-23XX
914-765-1900

FORMATTING AND ACCESSING DRIVES WITH GREATER THAN 1024 CYLINDERS 

USING ADAPTEC'S ACB-23XX CONTROLLERS

Adaptec ACB-23XX BIOS No. 412801-00C and later revisions contain 
a hard disk format utility that includes support for drives with 
greater than 1024 cylinders. The user interface for this utility 
is identical to that supplied in previous revisions of the BIOS. 
however, there are several steps that are required to make access 
to the cylinders beyond 1024 possible. Please read the Adaptec 
User's Manual for your controller, and become familiar with the 
format utility contained in the Adaptec controller BIOS (located 
at C800:5), before attempting to format your hard disk.

The first step in this installation is to format the hard disk. 
Follow the instructions exactly as they are presented in the 
User's Manual for initiating the format. 

When the format completes it is then necessary to volume 
partition the drive. This is accomplished by selecting option 1 
from the format utility main menu. The first 1024 cylinders on 
the drive may be partitioned exactly as described in the User's
Manual.

Since DOS is not able to address the cylinders above 1024, 
cylinders 1024 and greater can only be accessed from an Adaptec 
Partition, using the Adaptec Partition Device Driver. This means
that in order to access these cylinders, they must be included in 
a volume created in the Adaptec Volume Partition program )option 
1 in the BIOS format routine). Create as many 32 MB or less 
volumes to include each of these cylinders in a partition. Then 
select the option to FDISK each of the volumes. Under the FDISK 
menu, you will need to create a single partition that uses all of 
the cylinders allocated to each volume. This process will also 
format the partition for use by the Adaptec device driver. When 
the partition format completes, select the appropriate option to 
activate the partition. When each of the Adaptec volumes has been 
created and prepared using FDISK, they will be accessible by the 
device driver.

At this point, the low-level format and volume partitioning of 
the hard disk will be complete. Exit the format utility and 
follow the instructions in the User's Manual for preparing the 
first 1024 cylinders of the disk for DOS using the FDISK.COM and 
FORMAT.COM utilities.

After the DOS format has been completed and the system 
transferred to the hard disk, be sure to transfer the Adaptec 
partition device driver from the controller BIOS onto the hard 
disk and create the appropriate entry in the system CONFIG.SYS 
file. Please see the User's Manual for complete instructions on
installing the device driver in your system.
