



ADAPTEC INC

ACB-2072
INSTALLATION GUIDE

PC'S AND DRIVES SUPPORT BY THE ACB-2072

The Adaptec ACB-2072 controller board has been successfully tested in
several personal computers including, but not limited to the following:

IBM PC
IBM XT
IBM PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 MODEL 30
COMPAQ PORTABLE 1
COMPAQ DESKPRO 1
COMPAQ 286 PORTABLE 1
COMPAQ 286 DESKPRO 1
AT&T PC 6300 2
LEADING EDGE 2
SANYO

Notes:
1.  Compaq format utility requires 17 sectors/track and thus will not
    function with the ACB-2072.  To format, use the IBM PC-DOS or
    Microsoft MS-DOS format utility.

2.  Requires At&T motherboard ROMS version 1.21 with revision 1.36, the
    switch block 1 (located on the motherboard closest to the back of
    the unit) must be in the "off " position.

The Adaptec ACB-2072 controller board  has been successfully tested with
drives from the companies listed below.  Contact the drive vendor to 
verify current models and revision levels supporting 2,7 RLL.

Vendor                               Telephone Number
Fujitsu                              408-946-8777
Lapine                               408-262-7077
Microscience                         415-961-2212
Microstorage                         408-986-0770
Miniscribe                           303-678-2122
Okidata                              609-235-2600
Priam                                408-346-4600
PTI                                  415-724-1486
(Peripheral Technology)
Ricoh                                408-424-6700
Rodime                               408-725-0222
Seagate                              408-438-6550
Syquest                              415-490-7511
Tandon                               805-523-0340
Toshiba                              408-727-3939

Contact drive vendor for exact revision of drive.  Adaptec will not
accept returned material of ACB-2072's if running on drives not approved
by the drive vendor.

Some drives format to greater than 64 MB and require a partitioning
I/O driver to get the full capacity.  Such a drives is available from
Ontrack Computer System, (612) 941-4504.

HARDARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The ACB-2072 can be installed in any IBM PC/XT or equivalent IBM-
compatible computer.  The successful installation of the Adaptec
ACB-2072 requires the following hardware and software.

HARDWARE

1.  IBM PC,XT or Personal System/2, Model 30 or equivalent IBM
    compatible computer with:
    A. One floppy diskette drive.
    B. One available sstem expansion slot.
    C. Room for one 5 1/4" or 3 1/2" Winchester (hard) disk drive.

2.  5 1/4" or 3 1/2" Winchester disk drive(s) having the industry-
    standard ST412/506 interface and qualified for RLL encoding.

3.  External power supply or power booster to support the power
    required by theWinchester disk drive.  If using an IBM XT
    or a very low power drive in the IBM PC, this is not required.

4.  20-pin and 24-pin flat ribbon cables to connect the drive to the
    controller.

SOFTWARE

1.  IBM PC/XT DOS version 3.3 or newer revisions.

2.  (Optional) A customer-supplied loadable device driver is needed for
    three to eight logical units or for systems using more than 64 MB
    of total disk capacity.

INTEGRATION INTO THE SYSTEM

To install the Adaptec ACB-2072 board into your system you must first
configure the drive(s), set the controller jumpers and connect the
drive cables properly.  This section describes all the necessary steps
needed to successfully install this hardware.

The controllermust match the drive parameters, i.e., number of heads,
number of sylinders, step pulse rate, etc. in order to function successfully
The drive parameters are divided into two categories; one being the drive-
changeable parameters and two, the controller changeable parameters.

DRIVE SELECTION AND TERMINATION

The drive changeable parameters are the drive selection switches
(or jumpers) and the drive termination.  These parameters allow a
drive to be selected as drive 0,1, 2, or 3.  This is accomplished by
changing the drive address selection switches or jumpers.

Before the drives can be cabled to the controller the drive cable terminator
must be properly set.  The termination, as its name implies, must be at the
end of each cable in order to have the controller and drive communicate
properly.  The controller has a permanent terminator built in.  The 
disk drives, since they can be connected in a daisy chain configuration,
have a removalbe terminator.  This is usually a 16-pin DIP risistor
package.  This last physical drive in the chain must have its terminator
installed.

CONTROLLER JUMPER SELECTION

The controller changeableparameters are defined as the variables that can
be changed to accommodate characteristics of different drives.  These
parameters can easily be changed by jumpers(s) or definedby the user for
the drive being used.

DRIVE TABLE SELECTION JUMPERS

The ACB-2072 has drive tables for the most commonly used drives.  These
tables reside in the Adaptec ACB-2072 BIOS EPROM.

The drive tables in the ACB-2072 BIOS support the drives as defined in
Table 1.  These drive tables are selected by jumpers on the board.  Other
drives can be attached to the ACB-2072 by use of the user-defined parameters
described in the software installation section.

Note:
The ACB-2072 is shipped already configured to be used with a 30 MB RLL
drive (4 heads, 615 cylinders).  (See BIOS Table 0 of Table 1).




TABLE 1
ACB-2072 DEFAULT DRIVE TABLES

                 BIOS            BIOS         BIOS         BIOS
               TABLE 0          TABLE 1      TABLE 2      TABLE 3

Formatted
RLL Capacity    30 MB            15 MB        60 MB         20 MB

Step Pluse        3               3             3             3
Code (Rate)    13(usec)       13(usec)      13(usec)      13(usec)

Number of         4               2             5             4
Data Heads

Number of      612              612           981            615
Cylinders

These four tables are selected by jumpers M-N, O-P for drive 0
and Q-R, S-T, for dirve 1.  Table 2 defines the jumpers selection of
each drive and table.

TABLE 2.

JUMPER SELECTON OF DRIVE TABLES

BIOS Table for Drive 0         Installed            Removed
           0                   M-N,AND O-P             -
           1                   M-N                    O-P
           2                   O-P                    M-N
           3                    -                   M-N AND O-P

BIOS Table for Drive 1         Installed            Removed
           0                   Q-R AND S-T              -
           1                   Q-R                    S-T
           2                   S-T                    Q-R
           3                    -                   Q-R AND S-T

NOTE;

No need to worry about these jumpers if format parameter are
specified in primary format section.

TABLE 3A.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE JUMPERS

JUMPER

A-B                          Installed=Drive 0 is Syquest
C-D                          Installed=Drive 1 is Syquest
E-F                          Reserved
G-H                          Reserved
I-J                          Reserved
K-L                          Installed=Self Diagnostics Enabled
BD                           Installed=BIOS Disabled
324                          Installed=Alternate Address

TABLE 3B.
JUMPERS W-X AND U-V

No jumpers= Address C800
U-V Only=Address CA00
W-X Only=Address F400
U-V and W-X= Address CC00


DRIVE AND CONTROLLER CABLING
The controller has three cable connector J1,J2 and J3.  Connect J2 to 
drive 0 and J3 to drive 1.  J1 should be connected to both drives with 
a daisy chain cable.

The connector locations and pin orientation for ACB-2072 connectors 
are shown in Figure 1.  The location of pin 1 can be read off the 
controller booard for each connector.

NOTE;

The two connectors J1 and J2, along the outside edge of the board are
used when only one dirve is present.  All three connectors J1,J2 and
J3 are used when two drives are present.  Remember that the last 
physicaldrie in the chain must have the terminator installed.

Mount the drive, controler and cables inside the PC.

ACB-2072 PRIMARY FORMATTER

At this point, the disk must be formatted with a primary format.
Primary formatting is not supported by DOS; however, it is supported
by the ACB-2072 BIOS through "DEBUG".  Unlike other controllers, the
ACB-2072 needs no extra software to perform primary formatting.
The primary format defines address fields and data fields on each track
of the disk.  After this is completed, bad blocks can be flagged and a
directory created by a DOS "FORMAT" command.

The drive parameters, i.e., answers to all questions, can be entered
by a DOS redirected I/O file.  This will ease integration of drive
and controller in a manufacturing environment.

To use the primary formatter, perform the following steps:

1. Boot DOS 3.3 or newer revisions from the DOS SUPPLEMENTAL
   PROGRAMS diskette.

2. Type "DEBUG", the computer will respond with a "-".

NOTE;

Underlined characters are user inputs, <RET> means return key
and parentheses mean comments.

A>DEBUG <RET>
-    (DEBUG prompt)

3. Type the following sequence:
  -G=C800:CCC

***ADAPTEC ACB-2072 FORMAT PROGRAM***

   Enter sector interleave (2 to 8): n <RET>

   3-to-1 is the optimum interleave factor for the IBM PC/XT. 
   Experimentation with different interleave factors is the best way
   to determining the optimum interleaving factor for your application.
   3-to-1 is the fastest interleave for 2,7 RLL (7.5 Megabits/second)
   that the IBM PC/XT can accept.

       Enter Drive ID (0/1:0 or 1 <RET>

	  This value specifies which physical drive is to be formatted.
	  It follows the hardware switch setting on the drives.

	  Should we use the defalut parameters (Y/N) Y or N <RET>

	  The default parameters refer to the current drive table selected 
	  by the jumpers for the drive (0 or 1), see Tables 1 and 2.

	  You have two choices: "Y" for jumper default drive parameters
	  or "N" for user-defined drive parameters.

	  JUMPER DEFAULT DRIVE PARAMETERS  
	  ("T" RESPONSE)

	  A "Y" will invoke the user-defined drive parameters feature 
	  described below and will ignore the jumper default drive table
	  selection.

	  NOTE:
	  The following parameters are for the MiniScribe  3438 drive or
	  other drives with 4 heads and 615 cylinders and are shown for
	  example only.  Insert your drive parameters in the place of
	  these.  The Adaptec ACB-2072 controller board allows you to
	  go from 16 MB to 64 MB with no special software.

	  NOTE:

	  Enter all values in decimal.

	      Number of logical units for this drive (1-8): M <RET>

		 The ACB-2072 allows you to partition a single physical
		 drive into many equal logical units.  The units can be up
		 to 32MB each (a restriction of DOS format) having a maximum
		 of eight units for one or two physical drives.  In the example
		 for the MiniScribe 3438 drive, if M=2, the 30 MB physical 
		 drive will be divided into two equal logical units of 15 MB each.

		     Step pulse rate (0 to 7):3 <RET>
			
			The step pulse rate is defined in Table 4.  Many drives that
			are currently available will provide high performance, i.e.,
			lower access times , when used with option 3.  If a slower 	 
			nonbuffered step rate drive is used, option 0 is required.
			Refer to the Disk Drive OEM Manual for the fastest buffered
			seek step rate.

			TABLE 4.
			SEEK STEP PULSE RATES

			CODE                     SEEK STEP PULSE RATE
			  0                      3.0 Milliseconds
			  1                      Reserved
			  2                      30 Microseconds
			  3                      13 Microseconds
			  4                      200 Microseconds
			  5                      70 Microseconds
			  6                      Reserved
			  7                      Reserved

      Number of heads (1-16):4 <RET>
	 Number of cylinder: 615  <RET>
	 
For other disk drives see the Disk Drive OEM Manual for these values.
In this case, the dirve has four data heads and 615 cylinders.  Minimum
value of cylinders=1, maximum = 2048.

The following prompts allow the user to specify the method of entering
a defect list, it may put in a separate file or entered from the key-
board.

    Specify the Defect Byte Offset encoding: MFM or RLL
    (M/R)? M or R <RET>

All drive manufacturers give a list of defective areas on the disk     
disk.  This defect list gives the location of defects in one of two
forms.  One form is cylinder, head and byte offset.  Normally the byte
offset is given in MFM encoding.  Many drive vendors are also giving
the byte offset in RLL encoding.  Either MFM or RLL encoding can be
used.  If MFM is used the controller multiplies by 1.5 to determine
the RLL equivalent defect.

If no defect list is available, press " M" then "C" and two <RET>'s.
The controller will flag defects that it finds during track verification
in data anmd ID fields.  This does not guarantee that all defects will
be detected and mapped.	Drive manufacturers do more regorous analog and
temperature testing to create their defect lists.

    Enter defect list as "Cyl/Head/Byte" or "Head/Cyl/Byte"
    (C or H): C or H <RET>

    Type defect file name or pree Enter:

Enter the defect list in the format selected above, i.e., cyl/head/byte 
or head/cyl/byte.  The cylinder, head and byte offset are separated by
"/" markds.  For example, 31/2/4054 means cylinder 31 head 2 and 4054
bytes offset.

The defect list may reside in a DOS file or be inputted from the key-
board.  If a DOS file is used, enter its name here.  The DOS file is
entered by a carriage return as shown below.  The file name must have an 
extenson (e.g., DRIVE.DEF).

If entering fromt he keyboard, press <RET> and then following will be
shown:

    Enter defact locations as Cyl/Head/Byte (or Head/Cyl/Byte)
    (a blank line will end the list):

    For example:
    31/2/4054 <RET>
    257/4/2253 <RET>
    541/3/3415 <RET>

    Are the above parameters correct (Y/N)? Y or N

An "N" will return to the beginning of the format program.  When "Y"
is selected, the following will be shown:


            FORMATTING DRIVE.....


The drive is now being formatted.  When finished, the track verification
begins, this takes approximately 40 seconds per Megabyte.

The trtack verification takses longer than most controllers.  The reason
for this is that an extensive check is being made using worst case data
patterns.

During track verification the following will be shown:

    Verifying Format in Logical Unit 0....
    Cylinder XXXXXX

    Verifying Format is Logical Unit X.....
    Cylinder XXXXXX

    Format Completed....
    Run this Program Again (Y/N)? Y or N

Now the primary format is complete.  If needed, rerun the format for drive 1.
When finished answer 'N' to return to the DOS>A prompt and continue.

If defects occuring during format, the following text will appear on
the screen:

    Mapping Defects....
    Reformatting Track - Cylinder XXXX, Head XX, Sector XX
    (When 27 sectors are used)
    Formatting ALT Track - Cylinder 611, Head 3
    (When alternate track is assigned)

NOTE:
Alternate tracks have reduced the total drive capacity.

    Verifying Format is Logical Unit X...
    *Verify Error - Logical Unit X, Cylinder XXXX, Head XX,
    Sector XX.

    Controller Error Code: 91, BIOS Error Code: 10
    Reformatting Track.

The cylinder number is the physical, not the logical,cylinder number
of the drive.  BIOS error codes are found in Table 5.

TABLE 5.
BIOS ERROR CODES

CODE            ERROR
01              Bad Command Passed to Disk I/O
02              Address Mark Not Found
04              Requested Sector Not Found
05              Reset Failed
07              Drive Parameter Activity Failed
09              Attempt to DMA Across 64K Boundary
0B              Bad Track Flag Detected
10              Bad ECC on Disk Read
11              ECC Corrected Data Error
20              Controller Failure
40              Seek Operation Failed
80              Attached/Failed to Respond
BB              Undefined Error Occurred
FF              Sense Operation Failed.


PARTITION AND FORMAT DESCRIPTION

Logical dirve C: is always the first logical unit on drive 0.
Logical drive D; is the second logical unit, which could be on
drive 0, if large disk partitioning is used.

The disk must now be partitioned for DOS and the format verified.

1.  Insert a copy of DOS that contains "FDISK" and "FORMAT" in floppy
    A.
2. Type "FDISK" and Select option 1: Create a DOS partition (See 
   Chapter 4 of DOS Manual).

    If needed, repeat FDISK for drive D using option 5.
    
3.  Reboot the system.

4. When  complete, type FORMAT C:/S.   If nneded, repeat for drive D
   using FORMAT  D:.

This will create a DOS directory, verify the primary format and flag any
bad (defective) sectors.  Since the Adaptec defect handling scheme was
used, there will be no bad sectors.  From this point on, you can boot from 
the hard disk, copy files and operate your software applications.

           YOU ARE UP AND RUNNING !

		               
ADAPTEC ACB-2072
TROUBLESHOOTING CHECKLIST

Probable problems: 1701 error; power-on failure; primary format failures,
DOS failure.

Check jumpers on the disk drive, be sure that it is not set for a radial-
selected drive.

Check jumpers on controller, especially jumpers E-F, and G-H.  Be sure
jumper K-L is removed.

Check cables, be sure J2 goes to drive 0, J3 goes to drive 1, and J1
goes to both drives.  Be sure that pin 1 on the controller is connected
to pin 1 of the drive.  If only one drive is being used, connect the cables
to the connectors along the edge of the board.  Check that jumer I-J is
removed.

Check that the terminator on the dirve is properly set.

Check that the power supply can support the added current required by the
drive.  Be sure the +5V and +12V voltages are correct.  Verify power
requirements witht he drive vendor.

If using the user-defined drive values (not the four BIOS tables), be
sure that the values are entered correctly.


THIS COMPLETES THE INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR THE ACB-2072 DISK CONTROLLER.

