       Document 0422
 DOCN  M9640422
 TI    TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-mediated signal transduction pathways: effects
       on glial cell gene expression and function.
 DT    9604
 AU    Benveniste EN; Benos DJ; Department of Cell Biology, University of
       Alabama at Birmingham; 35294-0005, USA.
 SO    FASEB J. 1995 Dec;9(15):1577-84. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96118455
 AB    Cytokines are a group of secreted proteins that display diverse
       biological activity. They are especially important in the body's
       response to injury. They subserve a variety of both autocrine and
       paracrine functions by activating numerous intracellular
       second-messenger signaling pathways. Cytokines are known to mediate many
       inflammatory processes, and the inappropriate presence of cytokines in
       the central nervous system (CNS) has been implicated in a number of
       disease states. This article focuses on the biological role of two
       cytokines, namely: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and
       interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), in the progression of neurologic disorders
       such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and AIDS dementia complex (ADC), with an
       emphasis on cytokine effects on glial cells. We discuss the cellular
       source of each cytokine within the CNS, their receptors, and what
       signaling pathways are involved in mediating their actions. We also
       describe recent findings indicating that HIV viral proteins, i.e.,
       gp120, can activate cells of the CNS in a comparable manner as
       cytokines, and discuss the second messengers that mediate gp120-induced
       responses. We conclude by identifying potentially important areas of
       cytokine research in the context of neurologic disease.
 DE    Animal  Antigens, CD/PHYSIOLOGY  AIDS Dementia Complex/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
       *Gene Expression Regulation  Human  HIV Envelope Protein
       gp120/PHYSIOLOGY  Interferon Type II/*PHYSIOLOGY  Nerve Tissue
       Proteins/*PHYSIOLOGY  Nervous System Diseases/METABOLISM
       Neuroglia/*PHYSIOLOGY  Receptors, Interferon/PHYSIOLOGY  Receptors,
       Tumor Necrosis Factor/PHYSIOLOGY  Signal Transduction/*PHYSIOLOGY
       Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/METABOLISM  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support,
       U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  Tumor Necrosis Factor/*PHYSIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE
       REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

