       Document 0188
 DOCN  M9640188
 TI    [Azithromycin and Mycobacterium avium infection]
 DT    9604
 AU    Perronne C; Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hopital;
       Raymond-Poincare, Garches, France.
 SO    Pathol Biol (Paris). 1995 Jun;43(6):565-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96099675
 AB    Mycobacterium avium infection is a frequent complication during the late
       stage of AIDS. M. avium is resistant or poorly susceptible to classical
       antituberculosis drugs. Some new macrolide antibiotics such as
       clarithromycin or azithromycin are bactericidal against M. avium, and
       their use has dramatically improved the prognosis of this infection. In
       vitro, azithromycin has MICs against M. avium ranging from 4 to 64 MIC50
       being 16 mg/l and a MIC90 being 32 mg/l. Despite low concentrations in
       serum, close to 0.4 mg/l, very high intracellular concentrations of
       azithromycin, above the MIC, may be achieved. Azithromycin is active in
       vitro in the model of macrophage infection. Furthermore, azithromycin is
       active against murine experimental infection with M. avium. Clinical
       studies conducted among patients with AIDS have shown that azithromycin
       was active against disseminated M. avium infection, with a dose of 600
       mg/d. Ongoing studies are designed to better determine the ideal dose,
       to compare its activity with that of clarithromycin and to determine the
       antibiotics that could be combined to prevent the selection of resistant
       mutants. Other ongoing studies are evaluating the efficacy of
       azithromycin for the chemoprophylaxis of M. avium infection in HIV
       infected patients with a CD4T lymphocyte concentration lower than
       100/mm3.
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS  Animal  Antibiotics,
       Macrolide/THERAPEUTIC USE  Azithromycin/ADMINISTRATION &
       DOSAGE/*PHARMACOLOGY/THERAPEUTIC  USE  AIDS-Related Opportunistic
       Infections/COMPLICATIONS/DRUG THERAPY/  PREVENTION & CONTROL  English
       Abstract  Human  In Vitro  Macrophages/*DRUG EFFECTS/MICROBIOLOGY
       Mycobacterium avium/DRUG EFFECTS/ISOLATION & PURIF  Mycobacterium avium
       Complex/*DRUG EFFECTS  Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
       Infection/COMPLICATIONS/*DRUG  THERAPY/PREVENTION & CONTROL  Rats
       Tuberculosis/*DRUG THERAPY/MICROBIOLOGY/VETERINARY  JOURNAL ARTICLE
       REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

