       Document 0079
 DOCN  M9640079
 TI    T helper 1 response against Leishmania major in pregnant C57BL/6 mice
       increases implantation failure and fetal resorptions. Correlation with
       increased IFN-gamma and TNF and reduced IL-10 production by placental
       cells.
 DT    9604
 AU    Krishnan L; Guilbert LJ; Wegmann TG; Belosevic M; Mosmann TR; Department
       of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of; Alberta,
       Edmonton, Canada.
 SO    J Immunol. 1996 Jan 15;156(2):653-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96132992
 AB    Maternal immune responses can influence fetal survival and several
       cytokines have harmful or protective effects on pregnancy. The Th1
       cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 can cause fetal loss, whereas the Th2
       cytokine IL-10 is protective. However, infections such as leishmaniasis
       show the opposite pattern: resistance is associated with the
       preferential mounting of a Th1 response, whereas a Th2 response
       exacerbates the disease. We therefore asked whether the curative Th1
       response against Leishmania major in genetically resistant C57BL/6 mice,
       would compromise concurrent pregnancy. The number of resorptions as
       assessed by uterine scars was significantly increased in infected
       C57BL/6 mice and this was associated with a decreased production by
       placental cells of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 and increased
       production of IFN-gamma and TNF. Interestingly, the frequency of
       pregnancy failure before implantation in C57BL/6 mice was also
       substantially increased. In contrast to C57BL/6 mice, early infection
       did not reduce implantations in BALB/c mice that mount a Th2 anti-L.
       major response and succumb to infection. For both resorptions and
       implantations, there appeared to be a short period early in infection
       that was detrimental to pregnancy, followed by a period with lesser
       effects, and a later period that again induced higher resorptions or
       pre-implantation losses. These results suggest that a beneficial
       anti-parasite Th1 response can adversely affect pregnancy outcome.
       Furthermore, Th1 cytokines may be deleterious for not only placental
       maintenance but also preimplantation events.
 DE    Animal  Comparative Study  Disease Susceptibility/GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY
       Female  Fetal Resorption/*ETIOLOGY  Interferon Type II/*SECRETION
       Interleukin-10/*SECRETION  Interleukin-2/SECRETION  Leishmania
       major/*IMMUNOLOGY  Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/*IMMUNOLOGY  Male  Mice
       Mice, Inbred BALB C  Mice, Inbred C57BL/IMMUNOLOGY/*PARASITOLOGY  *Ovum
       Implantation  Placenta/IMMUNOLOGY/*SECRETION  Pregnancy  Pregnancy
       Complications, Parasitic/*IMMUNOLOGY  Pregnancy Outcome  Species
       Specificity  Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       Th1 Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY/SECRETION  Tumor Necrosis Factor/*SECRETION
       JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

