       Document 0078
 DOCN  M9640078
 TI    Effects of Mycoplasma fermentans on the myelomonocytic lineage.
       Different molecular entities with cytokine-inducing and cytocidal
       potential.
 DT    9604
 AU    Rawadi G; Roman-Roman S; Castedo M; Dutilleul V; Susin S; Marchetti P;
       Geuskens M; Kroemer G; Roussel Uclaf, Domaine Therapeutique Immunologie,
       Romainville,; France.
 SO    J Immunol. 1996 Jan 15;156(2):670-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96132994
 AB    Mycoplasma fermentans is a mycoplasma species that has been accused of
       serving as a cofactor of AIDS development. Here, we show that M.
       fermentans affects the function of human monocytes and myelomonocytic
       cell lines on at least two different levels. Heat-inactivated mycoplasma
       particles induce inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF in
       monocytes, as well as in THP-1 cells. Moreover, M. fermentans induces
       IL-10 (but not IL-12) in freshly isolated human monocytes. The
       cytokine-inducing effect is mediated by lipid-associated molecules. In
       addition, we have detected a novel biologic activity that resides in the
       nonlipid-associated protein fraction of M. fermentans (approximate
       molecular mass: 15 to 30 kDa) and that has a cytocidal effect on
       nondifferentiated myelomonocytic cell lines (U937 cells, HL-60 cells),
       as well as on actinomycin-D-sensitized monocytes. Death is accompanied
       by oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation and loss of chromosomal DNA. U937
       and HL-60 cells fail to produce cytokines and rather undergo cell death
       in response to heat-inactivated M. fermentans, provided that they are
       kept in a relatively undifferentiated stage. Whereas the
       cytokine-inducing activity is a general feature of many mycoplasma
       species, it appears that only a restricted panel of mycoplasma species
       exert a cell death-inducing activity. In addition to M. fermentans
       strains, Mycoplasma penetrans, another hypothetical cofactor of AIDS,
       possess a cytocidal activity. This does not apply to other mycoplasma
       species, including pathogenic ones such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and
       Ureaplasma urealyticum. The cell death-inducing effect of M. fermentans
       is not mediated by cytokines and obeys different principles than
       TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Thus, in contrast to TNF-alpha-induced
       death, it is not accompanied by a decrease in the mitochondrial
       transmembrane potential and is not inhibited by preincubation with the
       antioxidant drug N-acetylcysteine. In synthesis, it appears that certain
       AIDS-associated mycoplasma species perturb the function and/or
       generation of cells from the myelomonocytic lineage via several distinct
       pathways.
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS  Apoptosis/DRUG
       EFFECTS/PHYSIOLOGY  Biological Factors/ISOLATION & PURIF/PHARMACOLOGY
       Cell Differentiation  Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY
       Dactinomycin/PHARMACOLOGY  Heat  Human  HL-60 Cells/DRUG
       EFFECTS/MICROBIOLOGY  Indomethacin/PHARMACOLOGY  Interleukin-1/SECRETION
       Interleukin-6/SECRETION  Lymphoma, Large-Cell/PATHOLOGY
       Macrophages/*MICROBIOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY/SECRETION  Molecular Weight
       Monocytes/*MICROBIOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY/SECRETION  Mycoplasma
       fermentans/*PHYSIOLOGY/PATHOGENICITY  Mycoplasma
       Infections/COMPLICATIONS/IMMUNOLOGY  Phagocytosis  Support, Non-U.S.
       Gov't  Tumor Cells, Cultured  Tumor Necrosis Factor/SECRETION  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

