       Document 0474
 DOCN  M9630474
 TI    Ionizing radiation activates nuclear factor kappa B but fails to produce
       an increase in human immunodeficiency virus gene expression in stably
       transfected human cells.
 DT    9603
 AU    Valerie K; Laster WS; Kirkham JC; Kuemmerle NB; Department of Radiation
       Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Medical; College of Virginia, Virginia
       Commonwealth University, Richmond; 23298-0058, USA.
 SO    Biochemistry. 1995 Dec 5;34(48):15768-76. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96097003
 AB    We have investigated the differential effects of ultraviolet light(UV)
       and ionizing radiation (IR) on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)
       and c-jun expression in HIVcat/HeLa cells. This cell line harbors
       integrated copies of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene
       under control of the HIV promoter. Both UV and IR increased the binding
       of nuclear proteins to an oligonucleotide spanning the HIV enhancer
       region nuclear factor kappa B sites, but only UV increased HIVcat
       steady-state mRNA and CAT activity. By comparison, transcription of the
       cellular c-jun gene increased after both types of radiation, but UV was
       at least 5-fold more effective than IR despite the fact that protein
       binding to an activator protein 1 oligonucleotide increased similarly
       after both UV and IR. The lack of HIVcat transcriptional response after
       IR does not appear to be the result of the repressor binding to upstream
       promoter elements since cells stably transfected with different HIV
       promoter deletions showed a lack of response to IR distinguishable from
       that of the intact promoter. While our findings indicate no correlation
       between increased binding of transcription factors to upstream promoter
       elements and increased expression of these genes after radiation, we did
       observe major differences in how UV and IR affected chromatin structure.
       UV produced extensive global chromatin decondensation, whereas IR did
       not, as seen in the microscope and determined by the increased
       susceptibility of chromatin to micrococcal nuclease digestion.(ABSTRACT
       TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 DE    Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase/GENETICS
       Chromatin/CHEMISTRY/RADIATION EFFECTS  DNA, Viral/METABOLISM  Gene
       Expression Regulation, Viral/*RADIATION EFFECTS  Hela Cells  Human
       HIV/GENETICS/*RADIATION EFFECTS  HIV Long Terminal Repeat  Infrared Rays
       Micrococcal Nuclease/METABOLISM  NF-kappa B/METABOLISM/*RADIATION
       EFFECTS  Promoter Regions (Genetics)  RNA,
       Messenger/METABOLISM/RADIATION EFFECTS  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
       Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/PHARMACOLOGY  Transcription Factor
       AP-1/METABOLISM/RADIATION EFFECTS  Transcription, Genetic/DRUG
       EFFECTS/RADIATION EFFECTS  Transfection  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

