       Document 0182
 DOCN  M9630182
 TI    Infectious disease transmission through cell, tissue, and organ
       transplantation: reducing the risk through donor selection.
 DT    9603
 AU    Eastlund T; American Red Cross, North Central Tissue Services, St. Paul,
       MN; 55107, USA.
 SO    Cell Transplant. 1995 Sep-Oct;4(5):455-77. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96107512
 AB    The incidence of cell transplant-transmitted infection is unknown and
       can only be inferred from prospective studies--that have not yet been
       performed and reported. The possibility of donor-to-recipient disease
       transmission through cell transplant therapy can be considered by
       reviewing the risk associated with other transplanted tissues and
       organs. Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections have been transmitted
       via transplantation of organs, tissue allografts such as bone, skin,
       cornea, and heart valves, and cell such as islets, hematopoietic stem
       cells, and semen. Several types of protozoan and worm parasites have
       been transferred via organ transplants. Bone allografts have transmitted
       hepatitis, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1).
       Corneas have transmitted rabies, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD),
       hepatitis B (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV),
       bacteria, and fungi. Heart valves have been implicated in transmitting
       tuberculosis and hepatitis B. HIV-1 and CMV seroconversion has been
       reported in patients receiving skin from seropositive donors. CJD has
       been transmitted by dura and pericardium transplants. Over the past
       several years, improvements in donor screening criteria, such as
       excluding potential donors with infection and those with behaviors risky
       for HIV-1 and hepatitis infection, and introduction of new donor blood
       tests have greatly reduced the risk of HIV-1 and hepatitis and may have
       nearly eliminated the risk of tuberculosis and CJD. Prior to use, many
       tissues are exposed to antibiotics, disinfectants, and sterilants, which
       further reduce or remove the risk of transmitted disease. Because
       organs, cells, and some tissue grafts cannot be subjected to
       sterilization steps, the risk of infectious disease transmission remains
       and thorough donor screening and testing is especially important.
 DE    *Communicable Disease Control  Organ Transplantation/ADVERSE
       EFFECTS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUD/  *STANDARDS  Quality Assurance, Health
       Care  Risk Factors  Safety  Social Control, Formal  Support, Non-U.S.
       Gov't  *Tissue Donors  Tissue Transplantation/ADVERSE
       EFFECTS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUD/  *STANDARDS  United States  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, ACADEMIC

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

