       Document 1071
 DOCN  M9621071
 TI    Productive HIV-1 infection of normal human mammary epithelial cells.
 DT    9602
 AU    Toniolo A; Serra C; Conaldi PG; Basolo F; Falcone V; Dolei A; Institute
       of Medicine and Public Health, University of Pavia,; Varese, Italy.
 SO    AIDS. 1995 Aug;9(8):859-66. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96014958
 AB    OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To determine the susceptibility of mammary
       epithelial cells (MEC) to HIV-1 as breastfeeding is an established route
       of HIV transmission, although the origin of virus in breastmilk is
       unclear. METHODS: Primary epithelial cell cultures were derived from the
       mammary glands of healthy donors; immortalized MEC lines were also used.
       HIV infection was followed by detection of infectious particle
       production, p24 antigen and viral sequences. RESULTS: Seven out of 11
       primary MEC cultures and two out of three MEC lines were productively
       infected by HIV-1. Virus replication significantly reduced cell
       proliferation, although cell viability was only slightly affected.
       Cytopathic changes were not observed. MEC cultures expressed low levels
       of surface CD4, galactosylceramide and CD26, but essentially no human
       leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR. Infection of HIV-permissive MEC cells was
       associated with the upregulation of surface HLA-DR and CD26. In
       contrast, the expression of CD4, tissue-specific markers, adhesion
       molecules and growth-factor receptors was downregulated. To a lesser
       extent, similar effects were also observed in non-permissive cells.
       Hormones (triiodothyronine plus beta-estradiol and prolactin) enhanced
       HIV replication, possibly through the stimulation of cellular DNA
       synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that HIV-1 replication in
       ductal/alveolar MEC may be, in part, responsible for the presence of
       HIV-1 in milk; that hormones may stimulate virus replication; and that
       infection reduces the growth of epithelial cells. Although in vitro HIV
       is produced by MEC to a lesser extent than lymphoid cells, MEC-derived
       HIV might have selective advantages for the infection of mucosal
       epithelial cells during breastfeeding.
 DE    Breast/CYTOLOGY/*VIROLOGY  Breast Feeding  Cell Line  Disease
       Transmission, Vertical  Epithelium/CYTOLOGY/VIROLOGY  Female
       Hormones/PHARMACOLOGY  Human  HIV
       Infections/*ETIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION/VIROLOGY
       *HIV-1/PHYSIOLOGY/PATHOGENICITY  Infant, Newborn  Milk, Human/VIROLOGY
       Phenotype  Pregnancy  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Virus Replication
       JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

