       Document 1061
 DOCN  M9621061
 TI    A community trial of the impact of improved sexually transmitted disease
       treatment on the HIV epidemic in rural Tanzania: 2. Baseline survey
       results.
 DT    9602
 AU    Grosskurth H; Mosha F; Todd J; Senkoro K; Newell J; Klokke A;
       Changalucha J; West B; Mayaud P; Gavyole A; et al; African Medical and
       Research Foundation, Mwanza, Tanzania.
 SO    AIDS. 1995 Aug;9(8):927-34. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96014968
 AB    OBJECTIVES: To determine baseline HIV prevalence in a trial of improved
       sexually transmitted disease (STD) treatment, and to investigate risk
       factors for HIV. To assess comparability of intervention and comparison
       communities with respect to HIV/STD prevalence and risk factors. To
       assess adequacy of sample size. SETTING: Twelve communities in Mwanza
       Region, Tanzania: one matched pair of roadside communities, four pairs
       of rural communities, and one pair of island communities. One community
       from each pair was randomly allocated to receive the STD intervention
       following the baseline survey. METHODS: Approximately 1000 adults aged
       15-54 years were randomly sampled from each community. Subjects were
       interviewed, and HIV and syphilis serology performed. Men with a
       positive leucocyte esterase dipstick test on urine, or reporting a
       current STD, were tested for urethral infections. RESULTS: A total of
       12,534 adults were enrolled. Baseline HIV prevalences were 7.7%
       (roadside), 3.8% (rural) and 1.8% (islands). Associations were observed
       with marital status, injections, education, travel, history of STD and
       syphilis serology. Prevalence was higher in circumcised men, but not
       significantly after adjusting for confounders. Intervention and
       comparison communities were similar in the prevalence of HIV (3.8 versus
       4.4%), active syphilis (8.7 versus 8.2%), and most recorded risk
       factors. Within-pair variability in HIV prevalence was close to the
       value assumed for sample size calculations. CONCLUSIONS: The trial
       cohort was successfully established. Comparability of intervention and
       comparison communities at baseline was confirmed for most factors.
       Matching appears to have achieved a trial of adequate sample size. The
       apparent lack of a protective effect of male circumcision contrasts with
       other studies in Africa.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  Analysis of Variance  Circumcision  Cohort Studies
       Community Health Services  Female  Human  HIV
       Infections/COMPLICATIONS/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL  Male
       Middle Age  Risk Factors  Rural Population  Sexually Transmitted
       Diseases/COMPLICATIONS/*THERAPY  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       Syphilis/COMPLICATIONS/EPIDEMIOLOGY/THERAPY  Tanzania/EPIDEMIOLOGY
       CLINICAL TRIAL  JOURNAL ARTICLE  RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

