       Document 0945
 DOCN  M9620945
 TI    The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in animals and man: a
       review.
 DT    9602
 AU    O'Reilly LM; Daborn CJ; Veterinary Research Laboratory, Abbotstown,
       Castleknock, Ireland.
 SO    Tuber Lung Dis. 1995 Aug;76 Suppl 1:1-46. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96085694
 AB    Tuberculosis is primarily a respiratory disease and transmission of
       infection within and between species is mainly by the airborne route.
       Mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine-type tuberculosis, has an
       exceptionally wide host range. Susceptible species include cattle,
       humans, non-human primates, goats, cats dogs, pigs, buffalo, badgers,
       possums, deer and bison. Many susceptible species, including man, are
       spillover hosts in which infection is not self-maintaining. In countries
       where there is transmission of infection from endemically infected
       wildlife populations to cattle or other farmed animals, eradication is
       not feasible and control measures must be applied indefinitely. Possible
       methods of limiting spread of infection from wildlife to cattle
       including the use of vaccines are outlined. The usefulness of DNA
       fingerprinting of M. bovis strains as an epidemiological tool and of BCG
       vaccination of humans and cattle as a control measure are reviewed. The
       factors determining susceptibility to infection and clinical disease,
       and the infectiousness of infected hosts and transmission of infection,
       are detailed. Reports of the epidemiology of M. bovis infections in man
       and a variety of animal species are reviewed. M. bovis infection was
       recognised as a major public health problem when this organism was
       transmitted to man via milk from infected cows. The introduction of
       pasteurization helped eliminate this problem. Those occupational groups
       working with M. bovis infected cattle or deer, on the farm or in the
       slaughter house, are more likely to develop pulmonary disease than
       alimentary disease. In recent years, tuberculosis in farmed cervidae has
       become a disease of economic as well as public health importance in
       several countries. Nowadays, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is
       associated with a greatly increased risk of overt disease in humans
       infected with Myobacterium tuberculosis. It is believed this increased
       risk also occurs in the case of M. bovis infections in humans.
 DE    Animal  Animals, Domestic  Animals, Wild  Cattle  Human  Immunity,
       Natural  *Mycobacterium bovis
       Tuberculosis/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION/*VETERINARY  Tuberculosis,
       Bovine/EPIDEMIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, ACADEMIC

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

