       Document 0268
 DOCN  M9620268
 TI    Apoptotic neurons in brains from paediatric patients with HIV-1
       encephalitis and progressive encephalopathy.
 DT    9602
 AU    Gelbard HA; James HJ; Sharer LR; Perry SW; Saito Y; Kazee AM; Blumberg
       BM; Epstein LG; Department of Neurology (Child Neurology Division),
       University of; Rochester Medical Center.
 SO    Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1995 Jun;21(3):208-17. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/96059602
 AB    The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
       associated dementia in adults involves neuronal loss from discrete areas
       of the neocortex and subcortical regions, but the mechanism for neuronal
       death is poorly understood. Gene-directed cell death resulting in
       apoptosis is thought to be a normal feature of neuronal development, but
       little is known about neuronal apoptosis in disease states. We
       investigated whether HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system is
       spatially associated with apoptosis of neurons. Using an in situ
       technique to identify newly cleaved 3'-OH ends of DNA as a marker for
       apoptosis, we demonstrate the presence of apoptotic neurons in cerebral
       cortex and basal ganglia of children that had HIV-1 encephalitis with
       progressive encephalopathy. Furthermore, an association was observed
       between the localization of apoptotic neurons and perivascular
       inflammatory cell infiltrates containing HIV-1 infected macrophages and
       multinucleated giant cells. Apoptotic neurons and p24-positive
       macrophages were observed infrequently in cerebral cortex and basal
       ganglia in children with HIV-1 infection without encephalitis or
       clinical encephalopathy. In nine control (HIV-1 negative) brains,
       ranging from the first post-natal month of life to 16.5 years of age,
       infrequent neuronal apoptosis was observed in three cases. These
       findings suggest that neuronal apoptosis is unlikely to be associated
       with post-natal development except in early post-natal germinal matrix,
       and that it may instead represent the end result of specific
       pathological processes, such as HIV-1 encephalitis.
 DE    Adolescence  *Apoptosis  Basal Ganglia/PATHOLOGY  Cerebral
       Cortex/*PATHOLOGY  Child  Child, Preschool
       Encephalitis/*DIAGNOSIS/*PATHOLOGY  Female  Human  HIV-1  Infant  Male
       Microglia  Neurons/*PATHOLOGY  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S.
       Gov't, P.H.S.  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

