       Document 0752
 DOCN  M9620752
 TI    Analysis of sewage effluent for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using
       infectivity assay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
 DT    9602
 AU    Palmer CJ; Lee MH; Bonilla GF; Javier BJ; Siwak EB; Tsai YL;
       Environmental Sciences Laboratory, County Sanitation Districts of;
       Orange County, Fountain Valley, CA 92728-8127, USA.
 SO    Can J Microbiol. 1995 Sep;41(9):809-15. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96086645
 AB    Environmental survival of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is
       an important public health concern. Survival of HIV in waste water is of
       particular interest to those who work at treatment facilities and to the
       general public who have contact with rivers or ocean water receiving
       treated sewage effluent. Other researchers have reported that HIV can be
       detected in waste water. Their studies, however, detected homologous
       nucleic acid sequences but did not attempt to determine infectivity. The
       current study tested primary and secondary effluent from a major
       metropolitan sewage agency for the presence of HIV-1 using reverse
       transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), HIV-1 p24 antigen
       enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and infectivity testing. For RT-PCR,
       primers SK38/SK39 and M667/AA55 were used to identify HIV-1 RNA
       sequences from concentrated and extracted sewage samples. Infectivity
       assays employed donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)
       stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Coxsackievirus B4, echovirus 7, and
       poliovirus 1, enteroviruses normally present in sewage, were tested for
       replication in PBMCs. Poliovirus 1 was found to infect the PBMCs. To
       eliminate other enteroviruses that may also infect the PBMCs and
       interfere with HIV-1 testing, concentrated sewage was treated with human
       immunoglobulin (free of HIV antibodies) and poliovirus antisera before
       infectivity assays were performed. All treated sewage samples tested
       negative for HIV-1 by all methods used. HIV-1 seeded into sewage,
       however, remained infectious in the assay, indicating that the sewage
       water sample did not interfere with HIV infectivity nor was it toxic to
       the PBMCs.
 DE    Base Sequence  DNA Primers  Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
       Enterovirus/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
       Human  HIV Core Protein p24/ANALYSIS  HIV-1/GENETICS/*ISOLATION &
       PURIF/PHYSIOLOGY  Leukocytes, Mononuclear/VIROLOGY  Molecular Sequence
       Data  Polymerase Chain Reaction  RNA, Viral/ANALYSIS  Sewage/*VIROLOGY
       Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  Virus Replication
       Water Pollution  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

