       Document 0691
 DOCN  M9620691
 TI    Penetration of solutes, viruses, and cells across the blood-brain
       barrier.
 DT    9602
 AU    Brightman MW; Ishihara S; Chang L; Laboratory of Neurobiology, National
       Institutes of Health,; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
 SO    Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1995;202:63-78. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96004228
 AB    The aspects presented here of how solutes, viruses and cells are able to
       cross the BBB indicate that there must be an active interaction of
       endothelium with viruses and immune system cells before they can
       penetrate the brain and spinal cord. The axoplasmic pathway taken by
       lectin-solute conjugates is similar but not identical to that followed
       by viral particles during their retrograde or anterograde transit
       through the axoplasm. Both the conjugates and virus are transferred to
       other neurons transsynaptically but the receptor mediated transfer
       utilized by viruses is far more specific. Cranial nerves are involved in
       both the entry and egress of antigens into and out of the brain.
       Antigen, generated within the CNS, may be able to escape from the brain
       to lymphoid tissue by passing into the fluid around a cranial nerve,
       thence via the lymph into lymph nodes to initiate an immune response
       involving the CNS.
 DE    Animal  *Blood-Brain Barrier  Cell Membrane Permeability  Cell Movement
       Central Nervous System/PATHOLOGY/VIROLOGY
       Encephalitis/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/VIROLOGY  Human  HIV-1/PHYSIOLOGY
       Leukocytes/PHYSIOLOGY/VIROLOGY  Macrophages/PHYSIOLOGY/VIROLOGY  Mice
       Neurons/VIROLOGY  Pharmacokinetics
       Viremia/COMPLICATIONS/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY  Viruses/*PHYSIOLOGY  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

