       Document 0479
 DOCN  M9620479
 TI    [The viewpoints of viral vertical transmission from fetal neonatal
       immunologic aspects]
 DT    9602
 AU    Ichijo M; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical
       University.
 SO    Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1995 Aug;47(8):713-23. Unique
       Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96063377
 AB    A. The development of fetal Immune system 1. Complement: Alternative
       pathway is dominant in the development of fetal complement. 2.
       Neutrophil function: Phagocytosis in full term infants was increased to
       be adult-level, but bactericidal function was decreased. 3. NK activity:
       NK activity in full-term infants was significantly lower than in adults,
       however, IL-2-augmented NK activity did not indicate any significant
       difference with levels in adults. In pre-32 week infants both NK and
       IL-2-augmented NK activity were further decreased as opposed to in
       full-term infants. 4. LAK activity: LAK activity was fully developed
       already in 19 week infants, indicating that auto-monitoring of mutant
       cells is already under control from the early stages of fetal
       development. 5. Antibody production: Antibody production in infants was
       significantly decreased in comparison to adults. Reduced cytokine (IL-1,
       BCDF) production were considered to be the causal factors. 6. IL-2,
       IL-2R: In IL-2 production, no difference was recognized between normal
       neonates and adult subjects. In contrast, a significantly higher value
       of IL-2 production was observed for premature neonates born between 16
       and 36 GW, compared with adults. IL-2 production and IL-2R system is
       fully developed at 22 weeks. 7. BCDF gamma, BCDF mu: Reduced compared to
       that of adults. 8. IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF: Much higher levels were found in
       cases of intrauterine infection, particularly in cases of premature
       delivery. The cytokine levels were 20-to-30-fold higher in
       chorioamnitis-positive premature delivery group. 9. M-CSF: M-CSF is
       increased, M-CSF may play a role in decidual function and placental
       function by the autocrine and paracrine system. 10. IL-1 alpha, IL-1
       beta, IL-6: These production by macrophages was diminished in aborted
       fetuses, premature infants and IUGR infants. However, in the infants of
       mother with intrauterine infection, cytokine production was elevated to
       the level in full term infants and adults. 11. IFN gamma: Production of
       IFN gamma by memory T cells was diminished in premature infants. B. The
       vertical transmission of HTLV-I. The routes of vertical transmission of
       HTLV-I are intrauterine, intra-birth canal and via breast milk.
       Bottle-feeding is an effective way of avoiding mother-to-child
       infection. However breast milk is necessary for optimal infant
       nourishment, so we use -20 degrees C for 12 hours freeze-thawing of
       breast milk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 DE    Adult  Animal  Cytokines/BIOSYNTHESIS  *Disease Transmission, Vertical
       English Abstract  Female  Fetal Diseases/IMMUNOLOGY  Human  HTLV-I
       Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION  Infant, Newborn
       Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY/METABOLISM  Pregnancy  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW
       REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

