       Document 0854
 DOCN  M9620854
 TI    Superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) enhances the
       replication of HIV-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells through
       selective activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes.
 DT    9602
 AU    Hashimoto K; Shigeta S; Baba M; Department of Microbiology, Fukushima
       Medical College, Japan.
 SO    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995 Dec 1;10(4):393-9.
       Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96074271
 AB    Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as a common cause of
       bacteremia of such infections in human immunodeficiency virus type 1
       (HIV-1)-seropositive patients. Some staphylococcal exotoxins are
       recognized as superantigens. We have found that superantigen toxic shock
       syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) brings about a high level of viral production
       in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) through
       their activation in vitro. The p24 antigen level in the culture
       supernatant markedly increased in the presence of TSST-1 at a
       concentration of 1 pg/ml or higher. Fluorescent-activated cell sorter
       analysis revealed that TSST-1 specifically activated CD4+ T lymphocytes.
       Although significant production of tumor necrosis factor alpha
       (TNF-alpha) was observed in uninfected PBMCs treated with TSST-1 after
       96 h of incubation, much earlier (after 12 h of incubation) production
       of TNF-alpha was identified in HIV-1 infected PBMCs with or without
       TSST-1 treatment. The addition of anti-TNF-alpha antibody to the culture
       medium resulted in a dramatic decrease in HIV-1 replication. These
       results suggest that the enhanced replication of HIV-1 by TSST-1 in
       PBMCs is attributable mainly to the activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes and
       that the induction of TNF-alpha further enhances replication. Since the
       enhancement of HIV-1 replication by TSST-1 occurs in a concentration
       range of picograms per milliliter, the superantigen TSST-1 may play an
       important role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of HIV-1
       infections.
 DE    Antibodies/IMMUNOLOGY  Antigens, CD4/ANALYSIS  Antigens, CD8/ANALYSIS
       Cells, Cultured  CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/DRUG EFFECTS/*IMMUNOLOGY
       CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY  Enterotoxins/*PHARMACOLOGY  Flow
       Cytometry  Human  HIV Core Protein p24/BIOSYNTHESIS  HIV-1/*DRUG
       EFFECTS/PHYSIOLOGY  Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*VIROLOGY  Lymphocyte
       Transformation/*DRUG EFFECTS  Staphylococcus aureus
       Superantigens/*PHARMACOLOGY  Tumor Necrosis
       Factor/BIOSYNTHESIS/IMMUNOLOGY  *Virus Replication/DRUG
       EFFECTS/PHYSIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

