       Document 0538
 DOCN  M9610538
 TI    Reducing the risk of unsafe injections in immunization programmes:
       financial and operational implications of various injection
       technologies.
 DT    9601
 AU    Aylward B; Lloyd J; Zaffran M; McNair-Scott R; Evans P; Global Programme
       for Vaccines and Immunization, World Health; Organization, Geneva,
       Switzerland.
 SO    Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(4):531-40. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96040932
 AB    The unsafe use and disposal of injection equipment continues to put
       patients, health care workers, and the general community at risk of
       infections such as hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus.
       Although the potential for unsafe injection practices varies
       substantially with the type of equipment that is used, technology alone
       cannot totally eliminate the risk. A knowledge of the cost, practicality
       and, most importantly, the potential for misuse, is critical for
       selecting the most appropriate injection equipment for each immunization
       setting. Four types of injection equipment are currently available for
       administering vaccines: sterilizable needles and syringes; standard
       disposable needles and syringes; autodestruct needles and syringes; and
       jet injectors. In general, the cost per injection is lowest with
       sterilizable equipment and highest with autodestruct. However, only
       autodestruct syringes virtually eliminate the risk of unsafe injection
       practices. Owing to differences in cost and programme factors, in some
       settings it may be appropriate to use a combination of equipment. For
       example, autodestruct syringes may be used in areas where it is
       difficult to ensure adequate supervision, while in medium-sized,
       fixed-site clinics with safe injection practices, sterilizable equipment
       will be the most cost-effective.
 DE    Algorithms  Cost-Benefit Analysis  Cross Infection/*PREVENTION & CONTROL
       Disposable Equipment/ECONOMICS  Human
       Immunization/ECONOMICS/INSTRUMENTATION/*STANDARDS  Injections,
       Jet/ECONOMICS  Safety  *Sterilization  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

