       Document 0525
 DOCN  M9610525
 TI    Epidemiology of the leishmaniases.
 DT    9601
 AU    Magill AJ; Department of Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of
       Research,; Washington, D.C., USA.
 SO    Dermatol Clin. 1995 Jul;13(3):505-23. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96028769
 AB    The leishmaniases are a group of zoonotic infections caused by protozoan
       parasites of the genus Leishmania. These infections produce a variety of
       different clinical diseases depending on the virulence or tropism of the
       parasite and differential host immune responses. Newly recognized
       clinical presentations, such as viscerotropic leishmaniasis in American
       military veterans of Operation Desert Storm, continue to challenge
       clinicians. Epidemics of classic visceral leishmaniasis leading to
       thousands of deaths are ongoing in Brazil, India, and the Sudan.
       Epidemics of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis are ongoing in many areas
       of South America, North Africa, and Central Asia. A marked increase in
       cases is often associated with an influx of nonimmune populations into
       newly cleared agricultural populations into newly cleared agricultural
       areas or population expansion into previously unsettled areas
       surrounding cities. The emergence of leishmaniasis as an important
       opportunistic infection in AIDS patients portends an ominous future as
       the HIV pandemic sweeps into the hyperendemic areas of South America,
       Africa, and the Indian subcontinent. Parenteral transmission via needle
       sharing in HIV coinfected individuals in Spain is an epidemiologically
       significant new mode of transmission. Finally, recent work has
       elucidated an enzootic transmission cycle involving L. mexicana in
       Texas.
 DE    Animal  Human  Leishmaniasis/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION  JOURNAL ARTICLE
       REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

