       Document 0422
 DOCN  M9610422
 TI    Infection prevention strategies for children with cancer and AIDS:
       contrasting dilemmas.
 DT    9601
 AU    Chanock SJ; Pizzo PA; Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute,
       National Institutes; of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
 SO    J Hosp Infect. 1995 Jun;30 Suppl:197-208. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96035346
 AB    Infectious complications represent significant challenges for children
       with cancer and those infected with HIV. Although both have similarities
       in the disease- and treatment-related alterations in host defences,
       there are significant differences that can have an impact on the
       approach to treatment and prevention of the dominant infectious
       complications. An important difference is that children with cancer
       readily recover from neutropenia. Thus, the immune deficits are
       interspersed with intervals of immunological recovery. On the other
       hand, children with HIV infection do not appreciably recover from the
       progressive, immunological changes associated with the underlying HIV
       infection. The loss of cellular and humoral immunity is generally not
       reversible, and thus the risk of infection only increases over time.
       Bacteria constitute the predominant pathogen for paediatric cancer
       patients but invasive mycoses, viruses and parasitic infections are
       emerging as important pathogens. In paediatric cancer patients,
       strategies have been directed at altering or suppressing the endogenous
       colonization patterns of pathogenic bacteria. The success of this
       approach has been limited and at the expense of selecting for
       antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Children with HIV infection
       are at risk of developing a wide spectrum of pathogens. Strategies for
       infection prevention in the HIV setting have been directed at specific
       organisms, generally using more specific antimicrobial agents and with
       greater success.
 DE    AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*PREVENTION & CONTROL  Child
       Human  Immunocompromised Host  Neoplasms/*COMPLICATIONS
       Neutropenia/COMPLICATIONS  Opportunistic Infections/*PREVENTION &
       CONTROL  Risk Factors  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

