       Document 0307
 DOCN  M9610307
 TI    Maintaining low HIV seroprevalence in populations of injecting drug
       users.
 DT    9601
 AU    Des Jarlais DC; Hagan H; Friedman SR; Friedmann P; Goldberg D; Frischer
       M; Green S; Tunving K; Ljungberg B; Wodak A; et al; Chemical Dependency
       Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New; York, NY, USA.
 SO    JAMA. 1995 Oct 18;274(15):1226-31. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96017572
 AB    OBJECTIVES--To describe prevention activities and risk behavior in
       cities where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was introduced into the
       local population of injecting drug users (IDUs), but where
       seroprevalence has nevertheless remained low (< 5%) during at least 5
       years. DESIGN AND SETTING--A literature search identified five such
       cities: Glasgow, Scotland; Lund, Sweden; Sydney, New South Wales,
       Australia; Tacoma, Wash; and Toronto, Ontario. Case histories were
       prepared for each city, including data on prevention activities and
       current levels of risk behavior among IDUs. PARTICIPANTS--Injecting drug
       users recruited from both drug treatment and non-treatment settings in
       each city. INTERVENTIONS--A variety of HIV prevention activities for
       IDUs had been implemented in each of the five cities. RESULTS--There
       were three common prevention components present in all five cities: (1)
       implementation of prevention activities when HIV seroprevalence was
       still low, (2) provision of sterile injection equipment, and (3)
       community outreach to IDUs. Moderate levels of risk behavior continued
       with one third or more of the IDUs reporting recent unsafe injections.
       CONCLUSIONS--In low-seroprevalence areas, it appears possible to
       severely limit transmission of HIV among populations of IDUs, despite
       continuing risk behavior among a substantial proportion of the
       population. Pending further studies, the common prevention components
       (beginning early, community outreach, and access to sterile injection
       equipment) should be implemented wherever populations of IDUs are at
       risk for rapid spread of HIV.
 DE    Human  HIV Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL  *HIV
       Seroprevalence  Risk-Taking  Seroepidemiologic Methods  *Substance
       Abuse, Intravenous  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
       Urban Population  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

