       Document 0192
 DOCN  M9610192
 TI    Taste and smell losses in HIV infected patients.
 DT    9601
 AU    Graham CS; Graham BG; Bartlett JA; Heald AE; Schiffman SS; Department of
       Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,; NC 27710, USA.
 SO    Physiol Behav. 1995 Aug;58(2):287-93. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/96028651
 AB    Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) associated wasting is an
       increasingly common clinical manifestation of AIDS. The pathogenesis of
       wasting is multifactorial and includes reduced caloric intake as a major
       contributing mechanism. The perceptions of taste and smell play an
       important role in stimulating caloric intake and in optimizing nutrient
       absorption through cephalic phase reflexes. The purpose of this study
       was to evaluate the degree of losses in taste and smell function that
       occur in subjects infected with HIV. Taste and smell function was
       evaluated in 40 HIV infected individuals and 40 healthy control subjects
       matched for age, sex, race, smoking behavior, and number of years of
       education. Chemosensory tests administered to subjects included taste
       and smell detection thresholds, taste and smell memory tests, taste and
       smell discrimination tests, and taste and smell identification tasks.
       Significant differences were observed between experimental and control
       subjects in glutamic acid taste detection threshold (p < 0.001), quinine
       hydrochloride taste detection threshold (p < 0.001), menthol smell
       detection threshold (p < 0.001) and in the taste identification task (p
       = 0.006). Overall the results suggest abnormalities in the peripheral
       and central nervous systems, and subjective distortion of taste and
       smell. A significant correlation was not established between CDC
       classification of HIV infection and taste and smell function, although
       trends were observed suggesting worsening function with progression of
       HIV disease. These results document significant taste and smell losses
       in HIV infected subjects which may be of clinical significance in the
       development or progression of HIV associated wasting.
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/DRUG THERAPY/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/
       PSYCHOLOGY  Adult  Anosmia/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PSYCHOLOGY  Antiviral
       Agents/ADVERSE EFFECTS/THERAPEUTIC USE  Body Weight/PHYSIOLOGY
       Cognition/PHYSIOLOGY  Discrimination (Psychology)/PHYSIOLOGY  Female
       Human  *HIV-1  Male  Memory/PHYSIOLOGY  Sensory Thresholds/PHYSIOLOGY
       Smell/PHYSIOLOGY  Smoking/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PSYCHOLOGY  Taste
       Disorders/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PSYCHOLOGY  Taste Threshold/PHYSIOLOGY
       Zidovudine/ADVERSE EFFECTS/THERAPEUTIC USE  CLINICAL TRIAL  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

