      Document 0244
 DOCN  DRG0244
 UNIQUE IDENTIFIER        DRG-0003
 NAME OF SUBSTANCE        Cysteamine [USAN 1995]
 REGISTRY NUMBER          60-23-1
 STANDARD CHEMICAL NAME   Ethanethiol, 2-amino- [USAN 1996]
 SYNONYMS                 Mercaptamine [USAN 1995]
 SYNONYMS                 B-Mercaptoethylamine [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 2-Aminoethyl mercaptan [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 Thioethanolamine [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 Decarboxycysteine [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 MEA [USAN 1995]
 SYNONYMS                 Mercamine [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 Becaptan [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 Lambratene (formerly) [Merck Index 1989]
 PROTOCOL ID NUMBERS      FDA 211A
 SECONDARY SOURCE ID      L-1573 [USAN 1995]
 PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION   MODE OF ACTION: The effect of cysteamine
                          (mercaptoethylamine, MEA) on HIV-1
                          replication has been studied in vitro. This
                          study concluded that (1) MEA at non-toxic
                          concentrations inhibits HIV-1 replication in
                          mononuclear cell systems; (2) virus which
                          emerges in drug treated H9 cells remains
                          inhibitable by MEA; (3) MEA acts
                          synergistically with ZDV versus HIV-1; and
                          (4) the mechanism of action is unclear but
                          may involve disruption of disulfide bonds in
                          the HIV Env. [Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun
                          6-11;9(1):230 (abstract no. PO-A25-0571)]
 DISEASES STUDIED/TREATED Primary HIV infection [Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun
                          6-11;9(1):230 (abstract no. PO-A25-0571)
 CLASSIFICATION CODE      Antiretroviral [Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun
                          6-11;9(1): (abstract no. PO-A25-0571)]
 CLASSIFICATION CODE      Antiurolithic [USAN 1995]
 OTHER MAJOR USES         Antidote to acetaminophen; treatment of
                          nephropathic cystinosis [USP DI 1995]
 SUBSTANCE INTERACTIONS   MEA acts synergistically with ZDV versus
                          HIV-1 in vitro. [Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun
                          6-11;9(1):(abstract no. PO-A25-0571)]
 ADVERSE EFFECTS          Produces acute and chronic duodenal ulcers in
                          rats (cysteamine given 3 times in 8 hours
                          produced ulcers in female SIV infected rats).
                          [Merck Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   DRUG DESCRIPTION: A sulfhydryl compound with
                          a variety of biological effects [Merck Index
                          1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MOLECULAR FORMULA: C2H7NS [USAN 1995]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 77.15 [USAN 1995]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION: C31.14% H9.15% N18.16%
                          S41.56% [Merck Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   SOLUBILITY: Freely soluble in water, alkaline
                          reaction [Merck Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   STABILITY: Oxidizes to cystamine on standing
                          in air [Merck Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   PHYSICAL COMMENT: Disagreeable odor [Merck
                          Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MELTING POINT: 97-98.5 C [MERCK INDEX 1989]
 SUBSTANCE DELIVERY DATA  DOSAGE FORM: Capsule. [FDA 211A]
 SUBSTANCE DELIVERY DATA  MODE OF DELIVERY: Oral. [FDA 211A]
 MANUFACTURERS            Mylan Laboratories Incorporated
 REFERENCES               Ho WZ, Zhu XH, Song L, Lee HR, Cutilli JR,
                          Douglas SD, Cystamine inhibits HIV type 1
                          replication in cells of monocyte/macrophage
                          and T cell lineages. AIDS Res Hum
                          Retroviruses. 1995 Apr;11(4):451-9.
 REFERENCES               Gunnarsson G, Ladd E, McGrath J, Thoene J,
                          Hammer S. Effect of combinations of
                          cysteamine (mercaptoethylamine), MEA) and
                          nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT)
                          inhibitors on HIV-1replication in vitro.
                          Program Abstr Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents
                          Chemother. 1994 Oct 4-7;:93.
 REFERENCES               Ho WZ, Zhu XH, Song L, Cutilli J, Douglas SD.
                          Cysteamine and cystamine inhibit HIV-1
                          replication in cells of monocyte/macrophage
                          and T cell lineages. Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug
                          7-12;10(2):103 (abstract no. PA0292).
 REFERENCES               Gunnarsson G, Hammer S, McGrath J, Ladd E,
                          Thoene J. Effect of cysteamine
                          (mercaptoethylamine, MEA) on HIV-1
                          replication in vitro. Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun
                          6-11;9(1)230 (abstract no.PO-A25-0571).
 REFERENCES               Schwedes U, Clemencon GH, Paschke R, Usadel
                          KH. Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia and
                          bile acids on cysteamine-induced dodenal and
                          gastric ulcers in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol
                          Suppl. 1984;92:121-4.
 ENTRY MONTH              9312
 LAST REVISION DATE       960415
 

SOURCE: National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.  Distributed by AEGIS.
