      Document 0181
 DOCN  DRG0181
 UNIQUE IDENTIFIER        DRG-0066
 NAME OF SUBSTANCE        Ditiocarb sodium [USAN 1996]
 REGISTRY NUMBER          148-18-5
 RELATED REGISTRY NUMBER  147-84-2
 STANDARD CHEMICAL NAME   Diethylcarbamodithioic acid sodium salt
                          [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 DTC [USP DI 1995]
 SYNONYMS                 Imuthiol [USP DI 1995]
 SYNONYMS                 Diethylcarbamodithioic acid [Merck Index
                          1989]
 SYNONYMS                 DDC [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 DEDC [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 DDTC [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 DeDTC [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 Dithiocarb [Merck Index 1989]
 SYNONYMS                 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate [USAN 1996]
 SYNONYMS                 Diethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt [Merck
                          Index 1989]
 PROTOCOL ID NUMBERS      FDA 010A
 PROTOCOL ID NUMBERS      NIAID ACTG 166
 SECONDARY SOURCE ID      DRG
 PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION   MODE OF ACTION: Ditiocarb sodium (DTC)
                          induces hepatosin production by the liver.
                          DTC induces T-lymphocyte differentiation and
                          enhances T-lymphocyte immune mediated immune
                          functions. DTC has increased the following:
                          T-cell numbers, the T4 number, the T4/T8
                          ratio and natural killer cell response. The
                          drug is well absorbed, about 50% of an oral
                          dose is detectable in the plasma within 20
                          minutes. Elimination is rapid, 60% of a dose
                          is excreted within 3 hours. Following an IV
                          dose the elimination half-life is about 20
                          minutes. [USP DI 1995]
 DISEASES STUDIED/TREATED Enhancement of immune function in HIV
                          infection in patients with ARC or AIDS [AmFAR
                          Tx Dir 1993;6(3)]
 DISEASES STUDIED/TREATED Latest findings show no beneficial
                          immunomodulatory effects when patients are
                          treated with ditiocarb sodium [AIDS 1993
                          Apr;7(4)]
 CLASSIFICATION CODE      Immunomodulator [AmFAR Tx Dir 1993;6(3)]
 CLASSIFICATION CODE      Chelator [Merck Index 1989]
 CLASSIFICATION CODE      Antidote for nickel and cadmium poisoning
                          [Merck Index 1989]
 OTHER MAJOR USES         Treatment of Wilson's disease and antidote
                          for nickel and cadmium poisoning [Merck Index
                          1989]
 ADVERSE EFFECTS          Slow intravenous infusion is well tolerated.
                          Rapid intravenous infusion is associated with
                          malaise, cyanosis, and dyspnea.  Side effects
                          reported include a metallic taste that
                          subsides within a day, abdominal discomfort,
                          fatique, nausea, and reduced mental acuity.
                          DTC produces an Antabuse-like reaction
                          (nausea, vomiting, and fever) when alcohol is
                          ingested. [AmFAR Tx Dir 1993;6(3)]
 CONTRAINDICATIONS        Do not ingest alcohol during therapy. [USP DI
                          1995]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MOLECULAR FORMULA: C5H10NNaS2 [USAN 1996]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 171.26 [USAN 1996]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MELTING POINT: 94-102 C (trihydrate) [Merck
                          Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION: C35.06% H5.89% N8.18%
                          Na13.43% S37.45% [Merck Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   SOLUBILITY: Freely soluble in water; soluble
                          in ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Insoluble
                          in ether, benzene (trihydrate) [Merck Index
                          1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: White hydrophilic
                          powder [USP DI 1995]
 SUBSTANCE DELIVERY DATA  DOSAGE FORM: Enterocoated capsules (125 mg),
                          IV. [AmFAR Tx Dir 1993;6(3)] [Lancet,
                          September 24, 1988]
 SUBSTANCE DELIVERY DATA  MODE OF DELIVERY: Intravenous injection,
                          oral. [AmFAR Tx Dir 1993;6(3)] [Lancet,
                          September 24, 1988]
 MANUFACTURERS            Merieux
 REFERENCES               Shenep JL, Hughes WT, Flynn PM, Roberson PK,
                          Behm FG, Fullen GH, Kovnar SG, Guito KP,
                          Brodkey TO. Decreased counts of blood
                          neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets in
                          human immunodeficiency virus-infected
                          children and young adults treated with
                          diethyldithiocarbamate. Antimicrob Agents
                          Chemother. 1994 Jul;38(7):1644-6.
 REFERENCES               Vanhams GL, Kestens L, Van Hoof J, Penne G,
                          Colebunders R, Goilav C, Vandenbruaene M, el
                          Habib R, Gigase P. Immunological parameters
                          during treatment with ditiocarb (Imuthiol).
                          AIDS. 1993 Apr;7(4):525-30.
 REFERENCES               Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled
                          study of ditiocarb (Imuthiol) in human
                          immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic
                          and minimally symptomatic patients. AIDS Res
                          Hum Retroviruses. 1993 Jan;9(1):83-9.
 REFERENCES               Lange M, Klein EB, Inada Y, Mohan V, Moriya
                          S. Antioxidant therapy with acyclovir for HIV
                          positive patients: an open longitudinal
                          study. Int Conf AIDS. 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):495
                          (abstract no. PO-B28-2160).
 REFERENCES               Mentzer D, Linde R, Beeg T, Funk M, Gungor T,
                          Straube M, Ehrenforth S, Klarmann D, Kreuz W.
                          Experience with Dithiocarb in HIV infected
                          child. Int Conf AIDS. 1992 Jul 19-24;8(3):108
                          (abstract no. PuB 7358).
 REFERENCES               Pameix P, Salmi LR, Dabis F, Hessel L.
                          Effectiveness of ditiocarb sodium in
                          HIV-infected patients: a long term
                          comparative study. Int Conf AIDS. 1991 Jun
                          16-21:7(2):222 (abstract no. W.B.2163).
 REFERENCES               Sunderman FW Sr. Therapeutic properties of
                          sodium diethyldithiocarbamate: its role as an
                          inhibitor in the progression of AIDS. Ann
                          Clin Lab Sci. 1991 Jan-Feb;21(1):70-81.
 REFERENCES               Hersh EM, Brewton G, Abrams D, Bartlett J,
                          Galpin J, Gill P, Gorter R, Gottlieb M,
                          Jonikas JJ, Landesman S, et al. Ditiocarb
                          sodium (diethyldithiocarbamate) therapy in
                          patients with symptomatic HIV infection and
                          AIDS. A randomized, double-blind,
                          placebo-controlled, multicenter study [see
                          comments]. JAMA. 1991 Mar 27;265(12):1538-44.
 REFERENCES               Reisinger EC, Kern P, Ernst M, Bock P, Flad
                          HD, Dietrich M. Inhibition of HIV progression
                          by dithiocarb. Lancet. 1990 Mar
                          24;335(8691):679-82
 REFERENCES               Kirstetter M, Mathis C, Felten A, Boutitie F.
                          Multicenter double blind placebo controlled
                          dose response study of diethyldithiocarbamate
                          (DTC, Imuthiol) associated with zidovudine in
                          patients with HIV infection. Int Conf AIDS.
                          1990 Jun 20-23;6(2):372 (abstract no. 2073).
 ENTRY MONTH              8911
 LAST REVISION DATE       960310
 

SOURCE: National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.  Distributed by AEGIS.
