      Document 0076
 DOCN  DRG0076
 UNIQUE IDENTIFIER        DRG-0171
 NAME OF SUBSTANCE        Lentinan [AmFAR Tx Dir 1993;6(4)]
 REGISTRY NUMBER          37339-90-5
 PROTOCOL ID NUMBERS      FDA 126A
 PROTOCOL ID NUMBERS      FDA 126B
 SECONDARY SOURCE ID      LC-33 [Merck Index 1989]
 PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION   MODE OF ACTION:  Demonstrates immune
                          potentiating activity by stimulating the
                          T-cell mediated cytotoxic immune response and
                          also effecting nonspecific macrophage
                          mediated responses. Analysis of the cellular
                          antimetastatic activity of combinations of
                          lentinan and interleukin-2 revealed the
                          involvement of a tumor associated
                          antigen-specific delayed type
                          hypersensitivity response. It is suggested
                          that the life prolonging effect of the
                          combination is mediated by antigen-specific T
                          cells. Lentinan appears to represent Host
                          Defense Potentiators (HDPs), which can
                          restore or augment the ability of
                          responsiveness of the host to
                          lympho-cytokines or other intrinsic bioactive
                          factors through maturation, differentiation
                          or proliferation of the important cells for
                          host defense mechanisms. HDPs such as
                          lentinan are the most appropriate drugs to
                          prevent cancer occurrence or the
                          manifestations of AIDS symptoms in HIV
                          carriers. [Intl Conf AIDS 1990 Jun
                          20-23;6(3): (abstract no SB487)] [Jpn J
                          Cancer Res 1994 Dec;85(12)] [Dev Biol Stand
                          1992;77]
 DISEASES STUDIED/TREATED Enhancement of immune function in HIV
                          infection [FDA 126A]
 CLASSIFICATION CODE      Immunomodulator [AmFAR Tx Dir 1993;6(4)]
 CLASSIFICATION CODE      Antineoplastic [Merck Index 1989]
 OTHER MAJOR USES         Treatment of cancer [Dev Biol Stand 1992;77]
 ADVERSE EFFECTS          Adverse effects include acute lumbar pain,
                          anaphylaxis, rigors, vasovagal response, and
                          exacerbation of granulocytopenia. Elevated
                          liver function tests, rash and mild chest
                          pains occur in some cancer patients receiving
                          lentinan. [Intl Conf AIDS 1990 Jun
                          20-23;6(3): (abstract no SB487)] [AmFAR Tx
                          Dir 1993;6(3)]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MOLECULAR FORMULA: (C6H10O5)n [Merck Index
                          1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 400000 - 800000 [Merck
                          Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   SOLUBILITY: Soluble in aqueous alkali, formic
                          acid; slightly soluble in hot water and DMSO;
                          insoluble in cold water, alcohol, ether,
                          chloroform, pyridine, and
                          hexamethylphosphoramide [Merck Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   STABILITY: Stable against sulfuric and
                          hydrochloric acids [Merck Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: White powder [Merck
                          Index 1989]
 CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL DATA   DRUG DESCRIPTION: Purified polysaccharide of
                          a beta glucan extract from the edible
                          mushroom Lentinus edodes [Intl Conf AIDS 1990
                          Jun 20-23;6(3): (abstract no SB487)]
 SUBSTANCE DELIVERY DATA  MODE OF DELIVERY: Intravenous. [FDA 126A]
 MANUFACTURERS            Lenti-Chemico Pharmaceutical Laboratory Inc
 REFERENCES               Rafique M, Adachi W. Effects of intraportal
                          administration of chemoimmunotherapeutic
                          agents on natural killer cell activity in the
                          rat liver. J Surg Oncol 1995 Nov;60(3):154-9.
 REFERENCES               Moriyama A, Murata I, Kuroda T, Yoshikawa I,
                          Tabaru A, Ogami Y, Otsuki M. Pericardiac
                          metastasis from advanced gastric cancer. J
                          Gastroenterol 1995 Aug;30(4):512-6.
 REFERENCES               Morinaga H, Tazawa K, Tagoh H, Muraguchi A,
                          Fujimaki M. An in vivo study of hepatic and
                          splenic interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression
                          following oral PSK or LEM administration. Jpn
                          J Cancer Res 1994 Dec;85(12):1298-303.
 REFERENCES               Hamuro J, Takatsuki F, Suga T, Kikuchi T,
                          Suzuki M. Synergistic antimetastatic effects
                          of lentinan and interleukin 2 with pre- and
                          post-operative treatments. Jpn J Cancer Res.
                          1994 Dec;85(12):1288-97.
 REFERENCES               Suto T, Fukuda S, Moriya N, Watanabe Y,
                          Sasaki D, Yoshida Y, Sakata Y. Clinical study
                          of biological response modifiers as
                          maintenance therapy for hepatocellular
                          carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994;33
                          Suppl:S145-8.
 REFERENCES               Kaneko Y, Mimura T, Guralnik M, Baker M,
                          Goodgame J, DeMarzo C, Pierce D, Lang W,
                          Gordon M. Phase II study of combination of
                          lentinan with ddI in HIV-positive patients.
                          Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):212
                          (abstract no. PBO276).
 REFERENCES               Masihi KN, Chihara G, Kaneko Y. Inhibition of
                          TNF production by lentinan and curdlan
                          sulfate. Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug
                          7-12;10(2):95 (abstract no. PAO261).
 REFERENCES               Arinaga S, Karimine N, Takamuku K, Nanbara S,
                          Inoue H, Nagamatsu M, Ueo H, Akiyoshi T.
                          Enhanced induction of lymphokine-activated
                          killer activity after lentinan administration
                          in patients with gastric carcinoma. Int J
                          Immunopharmacol. 1992 May;14(4):535-9.
 REFERENCES               Chihara G. Recent progress in
                          immunopharmacology and therapeutic effects of
                          polysaccharides. Dev Biol Stand.
                          1992;77:191-7.
 REFERENCES               Abrams D, Greco M, Wong R, Goosby E, Gorter
                          R, Gordon M, Guralnik M, Kaneko Y. Results of
                          a phase I/II placebo-controlled dose finding
                          pilot study of lentinan in patients with HIV
                          infection. Int Conf AIDS. 1990 Jun
                          20-23;6(3):207 (abstract no. S.B.487).
 ENTRY MONTH              0593
 LAST REVISION DATE       960403
 

SOURCE: National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.  Distributed by AEGIS.
