

				   COVER PAGE


		  SMEDLEY'S GENERAL PURPOSE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
		  _______________________________________________

				   VERSION 1.0


       +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
       |+-------------------------+ +---------+ +-----------+ +-----------+|
       || File  Chain  Options    | | Dec Deg | |  1-01-93  | | 10:30  AM ||
       |+-------------------------+ +---------+ +-----------+ +-----------+|
       |+-------------------------------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ [*]|
       ||				      | |D:S| |CLR| |RCL| |STO| [*]|
       ||	      Entry Window	      | +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       ||				      | |FIX| |WIN| |DRG| |+:-| | ||
       |+-------------------------------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       |+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       || Lab Val Dec Sci | | Lab Val Dec Sci | |Sin| |Cos| |Tan| |Inv| | ||
       ||-----------------| |-----------------| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       ||[ Value Window  ]| |[ Value Window  ]| |Log| |Ln | |Pi | |Hyp| | ||
       ||-----------------| |-----------------| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       ||[Rn] [ Label    ]| |[Rn] [ Label    ]| |Abs| |Ran| | ! | | e | |S||
       |+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ |L||
       |+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ |I||
       || Lab Val Dec Sci | | Lab Val Dec Sci | |Mod| |Int| | ( | | ) | |D||
       ||-----------------| |-----------------| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ |E||
       ||[ Value Window  ]| |[ Value Window  ]| |[] | | ^ | | E | | / | | ||
       ||-----------------| |-----------------| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       ||[Rn] [ Label    ]| |[Rn] [ Label    ]| | 7 | | 8 | | 9 | | * | | ||
       |+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       |+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       || Lab Val Dec Sci | | Lab Val Dec Sci | | 4 | | 5 | | 6 | | - | | ||
       ||-----------------| |-----------------| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       ||[ Value Window  ]| |[ Value Window  ]| | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | + | | ||
       ||-----------------| |-----------------| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       ||[Rn] [ Label    ]| |[Rn] [ Label    ]| | 0 | | . | | = | | " | | ||
       |+-----------------+ +-----------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ | ||
       |+-------------------------------------+ +---------+ +---------+ | ||
       ||[          Message Window           ]| | SELECT  | | ASSIGN  | | ||
       |+-------------------------------------+ +---------+ +---------+ [*]|
       +-------------------------------------------------------------------+

		  Copyright (C) 1993 by Smedley's Software House

			      All Rights Reserved





			   Smedley's Software House
			   132 N. El Camino Real, # 327
			   Encinitas, CA 92024





			T A B L E    O F    C O N T E N T S
	_________________________________________________________________


	INTRODUCTION							1

	    Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1
	    Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
	    Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
	    Getting Started  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
	    Printing the Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4

	CHAPTER 1 -- THE DISPLAY                                        5

	    Main Banner  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5

		Menu Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
		Mode Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
		Date Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
		Time Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5

	    Entry Window   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6

	    Registers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6

		Register Banners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
		Value Windows  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
		Register Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
		Label Windows  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7

	    Slide Buttons  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
	    Action Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
	    Function Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
	    Message Window   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9

	CHAPTER 2 -- CALCULATOR OPERATIONS                             10

	    Starting and Quitting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

		Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
		Initial Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
		The Desktop File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
		The Temporary File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
		The Text File  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
		The Settings File  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
		Working with Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
		Quitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

	    Internal Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

		Numeric Values and Ranges  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
		Conventions and Conversions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
		Register Values and Equations  . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
		Observing Operator Precedence  . . . . . . . . . . . . 15



					-i-


	    Action Button Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

		[D:S] - Decimal or Scientific  . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
		[CLR] - Clear  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
		[RCL] - Reclaim Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
		[STO] - Store Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
		[FIX] - Fix Decimal Point  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
		[WIN] - Change Entry Window  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
		[DRG] - Degrees, Radians, and Gradients  . . . . . . . 21
		[+:-] - Plus or Minus  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
		[SELECT] - Select Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
		[ASSIGN] - Perform Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

	    Register Options Processing                                23

		[Lab] - Reference by Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
		[Val] - Reference by Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
		[Dec] - Decimal Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
		[Sci] - Scientific Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
		[Label] - Label Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

	    Function Button Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

		[Sin] - Sine Function  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
		[Cos] - Cosine Function  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
		[Tan] - Tangent Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
		[Inv] - Inverse Function Specifier . . . . . . . . . . 27
		[Hyp] - Hyperbolic Function Specifier  . . . . . . . . 28
		[Abs] - Absolute Value Function  . . . . . . . . . . . 28
		[Ran] - Random Number Function . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
		[Mod] - Modulus Remainder Function . . . . . . . . . . 28
		[Int] - Modulus Integer Function . . . . . . . . . . . 28
		[Log] - Common Logarithm Function  . . . . . . . . . . 29
		[Ln ] - Natural Logarithm Function . . . . . . . . . . 29
		[Pi ] - Pi Specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
		[ e ] - Natural Logarithm Specifier  . . . . . . . . . 29
		[ E ] - Scientific Notation Specifier  . . . . . . . . 29
		[ ! ] - Factorial Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
		[ ^ ] - Power Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
		[ / ] - Divide Operator  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
		[ * ] - Multiply Operator  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
		[ + ] - Addition Operator  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		[ - ] - Subtraction Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		[ . ] - Decimal Point  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		[ = ] - Assignment Operator  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		[ " ] - Comment Specifier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		[ ( ] - Left Delimiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		[ ) ] - Right Delimiter  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		[[ ]] - Space  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

	    Editor Control Commands  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

		The Line Editor  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
		The Entry Window Editor  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31



					-ii-


	    Equation Entry and Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

		Limitations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
		Case Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
		Referencing Registers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
		Using Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
		Using Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
		Error Detection and Display  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

	    Creating Register Equation Chains  . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

		How Chains Work  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
		Order of Evaluation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

	CHAPTER 3 -- MENUS AND OPTIONS                                 41

	    File Menu  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

		New  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
		Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
		Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
		Save As  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
		Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
		Quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

	    Chain Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

		Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
		Display  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
		Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

	    Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

		Mouse  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
		Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
		Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
		Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

	APPENDIX A -- RESERVED WORDS                                   50

	APPENDIX B -- ERROR MESSAGES                                   51
















				       -iii-


	INTRODUCTION
	_________________________________________________________________

			Smedley's General Purpose Scientific Calculator
			is designed for those who would like to perform
			engineering and/or scientific calculations in a
			familiar and extremely flexible environment.

			_________________________________________________
	     Features
			Smedley's calculator is the next logical step in
			the natural evolution of the familiar hand-held
			scientific calculator.  It provides calculations,
			visual representations, and recording operations
			beyond those of conventional calculators while
			still retaining that "look and feel" calculator
			users have come to expect.

			A brief summary of features is provided in the
			following:

			o  A Graphical User Interface (GUI) environment
			   operating under MS-DOS version 3.3 or later.

			o  Keystroke processing for all functions and
			   operations.

			o  A fully functional mouse interface providing
			   the capability to change mouse orientation
			   and movement preferences.

			o  The ability to change colors of the various
			   objects that make up the calculator display.

			o  Automatic recording of calculation results.

			o  A prudently capable text editor for entering
			   and editing mathematical expressions.

			o  Floating point math functions that make use
			   of an 80x87 math coprocessor chip if one is
			   available (the chip is not required).  They
			   emulate the chip if one is not available.

			o  A full featured mathematical equation parser
			   which allows the use of standard delimiters
			   (i.e. (),{}, and []) to "order" the manner in
			   which expressions are evaluated.

			o  The ability to place comments anywhere within
			   a mathematical expression.

			o  Sixteen memory registers, six of which are
			   visable at any one time, for assignment of
			   calculation results.


					-1-


			o  The ability to change the way computational
			   results are displayed and/or referenced for
			   each memory register.

			o  The ability to assign a symbolic "name" to
			   each memory register and to use these "names"
			   for referencing a register's contents within
			   the body of a mathematical expression, and
			   for assignment of computational results.

			o  The ability to create a system of equations
			   by "linking" memory registers together in a
			   "chain".

			o  Mathematical evaluation of the most commonly
			   used functions, including:

			   Trigonometry functions   Hyperbolic functions
			   Common logarithms	    Natural logarithms
			   Power functions          Modulus functions
			   Random numbers	    Absolute numbers

			_________________________________________________
	 Requirements
			Smedley's calculator was designed to run on IBM
			PC computers, and all true IBM compatibles, that
			employ the Intel 80x86 family of micro-processor
			chips.

			The program requires DOS 3.3 or higher, a hard
			disk, a color VGA (640 x 480) or better monitor,
			and at least 256K of free memory space.

			The program also supports a mouse, although a
			mouse is not required.  If you have a mouse it
			must be compatible with version 6.1 (or later)
			of the Microsoft Mouse.

			_________________________________________________
	  Conventions
			A description of the conventions used in this
			manual is provided in the following:

			o  Click - Indicates that a mouse button action
			   is to be taken.  Unless otherwise specified,
			   it refers to the "logical" left mouse button.
			   The phrase "click on ..." means move the
			   mouse cursor over the indicated object and
			   press-release the left mouse button.

			o  Brackets - Brackets [] are used to represent
			   objects that appear on the calculator display
			   such as [Sin], and console keyboard keys such
			   as [Esc].



					-2-

			o  Braces - Braces {} are used to indicate text
			   that is to be typed by you.  Text of this
			   type should not always be typed verbatim.
			   Context sensitive descriptions will tell you
			   when to type what you see, and when to type
			   the formal "name" of something you see.

			o  Plus - The plus sign (+), used within the
			   context of a calculator command description,
			   indicates a sequence of mouse or keyboard
			   actions that are to be taken in the order
			   presented.  The plus sign is not typed.

			o  Minus - The minus sign (-), used within the
			   context of a calculator command description,
			   indicates a "two key" key stroke combination
			   where the first key is pressed and held while
			   the second key is pressed, i.e. [Alt]-[F].

			_________________________________________________

	      Getting   Since this is the Shareware version of Smedley's
	      Started   General Purpose Scientific Calculator, and you
			are reading this manual, it is assumed that you
			have already "unzipped" the program package and
			the following files have been stored "somewhere"
			on your system's hard drive:

			o  README.1ST -  Important setup information

			o  MANUAL.TXT -  This manual

			o  SCALC.EXE  -  The executable program

			o  IMAGE.TXT  -  A facsimile of the calculator

			o  QUICK.TXT  -  A quick reference guide

			o  ORDER.TXT  -  The order form

			It is recommended (but not required) that you
			place these six files in their own directory.

			NOTE:  The program itself does not care what
			name is used for its directory so you may use
			any name of your choice.  You may also rename
			the executable file, or any of the other files,
			if you so choose.

			For purposes of illustration, it will be assumed
			that you have placed these files in a directory
			called "GPSCALC" on hard drive "C".

			To run the program:  At the C:\ prompt, type
			"CD\GPSCALC" followed by [ENTER] to set GPSCALC
			as the current DOS directory, then type "SCALC"
			followed by [ENTER] to run the program.

					-3-


			IMPORTANT:  The program, when executed, assumes
			the current directory is the user's "directory
			of choice" and will use this directory for all
			file operations initiated during the current
			session.

			_________________________________________________
	 Printing the
	       Manual   This manual was created using a standard ASCII
			text editor and honors the DOS text file format.

			Any reasonably capable text editor can be used
			to peruse and/or print this manual.  The manual
			itself was designed to be printed at 60 lines
			per page.

			There are no embeded form feeds in the manual.
			The format of 60 lines per page was achieved by
			using carriage returns to provide the desired
			vertical spacing.

			If your text editor does not provide a way to
			specify the number of print lines per page you
			are free to edit this manual to match whatever
			formatting capabilities your text editor can
			provide.































					-4-


	CHAPTER 1 -- THE DISPLAY
	_________________________________________________________________

			This chapter provides an overall description of
			the various objects that make up the calculator
			display.  A facsimile of the calculator display
			is provided on the cover page of this manual for
			your reference.

			_________________________________________________
	  Main Banner
			The four "frames" that you see across the top of
			the calculator make up the "main banner".  These
			will be described in the following paragraphs, in
			the order of their appearance, beginning with the
			left most frame.

	 Menu Display - The menu display provides three selectable menu
			processing functions:  (1) The File processor,
			(2) the Chain processor, and (3) the Options
			processor.  See Chapter 3 in this manual for a
			complete description of each of these functions.

	 Mode Display - The mode display shows the current selections
			in force for the main numerical control modes.

			The first of these, shown in the facsimile as
			"Dec", controls how calculation results are to
			be displayed in the "entry window".  The two
			selections available for this mode are:

			    o  "Dec" -- Fixed decimal place format
			    o  "Sci" -- Scientific notation format

			The second control mode, shown in the facsimile
			as "Deg", governs how angular values are to
			be interpreted when used in conjunction with
			trigonometric functions.  The three selections
			available for this mode are:

			    o  "Deg" -- Indicates decimal degrees
			    o  "Rad" -- Indicates radians
			    o  "Gra" -- Indicates decimal gradients

			See Chapter 2: "Action Button Processing", for
			more information about these control modes and
			their selection.

	 Date Display - Displays the current date, if available from
			your system, in Month-Day-Year (mm-dd-yy)
			format.

	 Time Display - Displays the current time, if available from
			your system, in Hours-Minutes (hh:mm) format
			followed by AM or PM as appropriate.


					-5-


			_________________________________________________
	 Entry Window
			The entry window, appearing just below the menu
			frame in the facsimile, is actually a text edit
			window where you may enter and edit mathematical
			equations and expressions for evaluation.  The
			text editor supporting the entry window provides
			a set of editing features for this purpose, and
			the mathematical equation parser allows you to
			enter mathematical expressions in "free format".

			For a complete description of how to enter and
			edit equations see Chapter 2: "Equation Entry
			and Editing".

			The default size of the entry window is as shown
			in the facsimile.  However, for those of you who
			like to type long (text) descriptions to go with
			your equations, the entry window can be expanded
			vertically to provide additional editing/viewing
			capabilities.  For more information on how to
			change the entry window's size see Chapter 2:
			"Action Button Processing".

			_________________________________________________
	    Registers
			Smedley's calculator provides sixteen (16) memory
			registers for assignment of calculation results.

			When the entry window is in its default position,
			six (6) of these registers will be visible at any
			one time (the memory registers appear just below
			the entry window).  Selection of which registers
			will be visible is provided by the slide buttons
			located on the right-hand side of the calculator
			display.  See the paragraph on "Slide Buttons"
			later in this chapter.

			Each register display has four (4) components:
			A banner, a value window, a register ID button,
			and a label window.  Each of these components is
			described in the paragraphs that follow.

	     Register - The register banner at the top of the display
	      Banners   provides four (4) modes for controlling how
			numerical values are referenced and displayed.

			The first two modes, "Lab" and "Val", control
			how a register reference is to be presented to
			the entry window's text editor when used in
			conjunction with the calculator's "SELECT"
			feature:

			    o  "Lab" -- Use the Label
			    o  "Val" -- Use the Value


					-6-


			The other two modes, "Dec" and "Sci", control
			how numerical values assigned to the register
			are to be displayed:

			    o  "Dec" -- Fixed decimal place format
			    o  "Sci" -- Scientific notation format

			See Chapter 2: "Register Options Processing"
			for more information about these control modes
			and their selection.

		Value - The value window is where the numerical results
	      Windows   from a calculation are displayed, when assigned
			to a register.  The display can accommodate up
			to fifteen (15) digits plus a decimal point.

			For more information on how numerical values are
			retained, converted and displayed, see Chapter 2:
			"Internal Data".

	     Register - The register ID buttons are provided not only as
	      Buttons   means to identify individual registers, but also
			as a convenient way to "reference" a particluar
			register.

			For more information about how registers may be
			referenced, see Chapter 2: "Equation Entry and
			Editing".

		Label - The label window is provided as a means for you
	      Windows   to assign a meaningful symbolic "name" (label)
			to a register.  This name may then be used in
			place of the register ID when referencing the
			contents of a register.

			See Chapter 2: "Register Options Processing",
			for more information on how labels are assigned
			and referenced.
			_________________________________________________
		Slide
	      Buttons   The slide buttons, appearing on the right-hand
			side of the calculator display, are provided as
			a means for scrolling through the sixteen memory
			registers, bringing a new "pair" of registers
			into view as the middle slide button is moved up
			or down.  The slide buttons work in conjunction
			with the current size of the entry window and
			will "logically" scroll the register displays up
			or down accordingly.

			If you have a mouse, clicking on the top slide
			button will reset the display so that the first
			two visible registers will be R1 and R2.  Using
			a mouse and clicking on the bottom slide button
			will adjust the display such that the last two
			visible registers will be R15 and R16.

					-7-


			Using a mouse and clicking on the slide above
			the middle slide button will scroll the display
			up one pair and, conversly, clicking on the
			slide below the middle slide button will cause
			the display to scroll down one pair.

			Alternately, you may adjust the display by using
			the following keyboard keystroke combinations:

			    o  [Alt]-[Up Arrow]   -  Scroll up
			    o  [Alt]-[Down Arrow] -  Scroll down
			_________________________________________________
	       Action
	      Buttons   The action buttons are so-named because they are
			designed to perform manipulative "actions" that
			are associated with calculator operations rather
			than those that are associated with mathematical
			functions.  These buttons provide the ability to
			specify (and modify) the operational environment
			with respect to the interpretation, assignment,
			and display of calculation results.

			The action buttons consist of the first two rows
			of buttons, and the last row of buttons, on the
			right-hand side of the calculator, e.g:

				[D:S]  [CLR]  [RCL]  [STO]
				[FIX]  [WIN]  [DRG]  [+:-]
				  .	 .	.      .

				[  SELECT  ]  [  ASSIGN  ]

			For a complete description of the actions these
			buttons perform, refer to Chapter 2: "Action
			Button Processing".
			_________________________________________________
	     Function
	      Buttons   The function buttons are so-named because they
			either invoke specific mathematical functions
			or they assist in the creation of mathematical
			expressions.

			The function buttons consist of the nine rows of
			buttons on the right-hand side of the calculator,
			beginning with the third row and ending with the
			eleventh row, e.g:

				[Sin]  [Cos]  [Tan]  [Inv]
				  .	 .	.      .
				  .	 .	.      .

				[ 0 ]  [ . ]  [ = ]  [ " ]

			See Chapter 2: "Function Button Processing" for
			more information concerning how these buttons
			can be used to create mathematical expressions.

					-8-


			_________________________________________________
	      Message
	       Window   The message window, as its name implies, is the
			medium by which the calculator can communicate
			with the user.  This communication takes form in
			one of two ways:

			o  When an error is detected during calculator
			   operations, a message describing the error
			   condition will appear in this window .

			o  When a calculator "action" is invoked, the
			   message window becomes an "edit window" and
			   the user is given the opportunity to enter
			   any additional parameters that are required
			   to complete the command.









































					-9-


	CHAPTER 2 -- CALCULATOR OPERATIONS
	_________________________________________________________________

			This chapter provides detailed descriptions and
			instructions for all functions and operations
			supported by Smedley's calculator.
			_________________________________________________
	 Starting and
	     Quitting   Although you can launch the calculator program
			(SCALC.EXE) from any directory, it is generally
			recommended that you first make the directory
			containing SCALC.EXE the current directory by
			using the DOS CD (change directory) command.
			Doing so will provide a single collection point
			for all calculator "sessions", and will ensure
			preservation of your desktop "preferences" from
			session to session.

	     Starting - The following examples assume that SCALC.EXE
			resides in a root directory on your "C" drive
			named "GPSCALC".

			o  To change directories and launch SCALC.EXE,
			   first acquire the "C:\" prompt:

			   Type:  CD\GPSCALC and press [ENTER]
			   Type:  SCALC and press [ENTER]

			o  To launch SCALC.EXE from within any other
			   directory:

			   Type: C:\GPSCALC\SCALC and press [ENTER]

			The key point to remember when launching the
			program is that it will only interact with
			files in the current directory.

	      Initial - Each time SCALC.EXE is run, the program will
	   Conditions   first search the current directory looking for
			the desktop file (SCALC.DTP).  If SCALC.DTP is
			not found, then a new SCALC.DTP file will be
			created at this time using SCALC.EXE generated
			default settings.  If SCALC.DTP is found, then
			the settings contained therein will be used to
			establish initial desktop preferences for the
			current session.

			Next, the session's Temporary file (SCALC.TMP)
			is created for "logging" calculation results,
			and the default file names for the session's
			Text and Settings files are assigned.  These
			are discussed later in this section.

			The calculator's memory registers and register
			displays are then initialized to their default
			states and calculator operations may begin.

					-10-

			The four file types which the calculator will
			interact with during a session are described
			in the following subsections.

	  The Desktop - The desktop file (SCALC.DTP) initially contains
		 File	the default settings for the various colors that
			make up the calculator display, and the default
			settings that control mouse movement, display,
			and button orientation characteristics.

			These settings, which are automatically saved
			upon program termination, may be changed at any
			time during a session to reflect your personal
			preferences.  More information on how to change
			these settings may be found in Chapter 3 under
			the heading entitled "Options Menu".

			NOTE:  Changes made to these settings during a
			session are automatically written to the desktop
			file (SCALC.DTP) upon program termination.  When
			the program is next executed, the saved settings
			will be retrieved and used during the calculator
			initialization process described above.

		  The - During startup, a temporary file (SCALC.TMP) is
	    Temporary   created for "logging" all calculator operations
		 File   performed during the current session.  It is
			automatically deleted upon program termination.

			Initially the Temporary file is "empty".  Then,
			as you perform calculations, your equations and
			their respective numerical results are "logged"
			in this file.  If you wish to save its contents
			(a record of your session) you may do so at any
			time by using the "File Save" or "File Save As"
			command options provided by the File Processing
			function.

			If the current session holds only an immediate
			interest, and you have no desire to save any
			record of calculations performed, then you need
			do nothing other than access the "File" menu,
			select the "Quit" option, and type [N] for "No"
			when a message appears in the message window
			giving you the opportunity to save the current
			Text and Settings files.

	     The Text - The Text file is where the "logged" contents of
		 File   the Temporary file will be saved if you perform
			a "File Save" or "File Save As" operation.

			At startup the calculator will assign a default
			name for this file as follows:

			    SCALCnn.TXT



					-11-


			Where "nn" is a number in the range 01--99 that
			reflects the next available default name.  The
			number "nn" is reset to 01 after reaching 100.

			You may override this default name assignment at
			any time by accessing the File Processing menu
			and performing a "File Open", or "File Save As"
			operation.

			The Text file is designed to serve as a record
			of all calculator operations performed during a
			session.  It is created and maintained in the
			standard DOS text file format.  This allows you
			to use any text editor or word processor capable
			of reading DOS text files to review, edit, and
			print a session's Text file.

		  The - The Settings file is where the current state of
	     Settings   your memory registers is saved when you perform
		 File   a "File Save" or "File Save As" operation.  It
			serves as a companion file to your current Text
			file and is where the current banner settings,
			numerical values, symbolic names, and equation
			strings assigned to each register are stored if
			or when a "save" operation is performed.

			At startup, the same default file name prefix
			as was assigned to the Text file is assigned to
			this file.  Then the file name extension ".SET"
			is added to complete the file name as shown in
			the following:

			    SCALCnn.SET

			This same procedure is followed each time you
			change the name of your current Text file.

			For example:  If you were to access the File
			Processing menu and perform a "File Save As"
			operation, and submitted the name of a new Text
			file called "MYFILE.TXT", the calculator would
			then create a companion Settings file called
			"MYFILE.SET" prior to performing the requested
			save operation.  In this example, the files
			"MYFILE.TXT" and "MYFILE.SET" will then become
			the current Text and Settings files.

			REMEMBER:  Each time you save the Temporary file
			to the current Text file, its companion Settings
			file will also be saved.

	 Working with - Once the calculator has been initialized you may
		Files   override the default file names assigned to the
			session's Text and Settings files by taking one
			of the following actions:


					-12-


			o  Perform a "File Open" operation using a new
			   Text file name.  The new Text file and its
			   companion Settings file will then be created,
			   opened, and assigned as the current session
			   files.

			o  Perform a "File Open" operation using the
			   name of an existing Text file.  The named
			   Text file and its companion Settings file
			   will be opened and assigned as the current
			   session files.  You will also be given the
			   option to "restore" the previous settings,
			   or continue on with the current settings.

			o  Perform a "File Save As" operation using a
			   new Text file name.  The new Text file and
			   its companion Settings file will be created,
			   opened, and assigned as the current session
			   files.  The current "state" of your session
			   is then immediately saved to these files.

			o  Perform a "File Save As" operation using the
			   name of an existing Text file.  This allows
			   you to immediately overwrite the named Text
			   and Settings files with the current "state"
			   of your session.  These files then become
			   the current session files.

			To save the current "state" of your session to
			the current session files, you need only select
			the "File Save" option.  The rest is automatic.

			Detailed instructions for performing the various
			File Processing functions described above can be
			found in Chapter 3 under the heading entitled:
			"File Menu".

	     Quitting - The "File Quit" option provides the mechanism
			for terminating a session.  When you select
			"Quit" from the File menu, you will be given an
			opportunity to save the current session, not to
			save the session, or to abort the request.  If
			you do not elect to abort, your current session
			will be saved, or not saved as per choice, and
			the program will then terminate.

			NOTE:  Session information is only saved if you
			take an explicit "save" action.  However, any
			changes you make with respect to your desktop
			preferences during a session will automatically
			be saved to the desktop file upon termination.

			_________________________________________________
	Internal Data
			This section provides detailed information about
			the internal operations of the calculator with

					-13-


			respect to numeric values and ranges, conventions
			and conversions, manipulation of register values
			and equations, and internal parsing precedence of
			mathematical operators.

	      Numeric - Internally, the calculator maintains all numeric
	   Values and   values in a 64 bit floating point format that
	       Ranges   provides for 15 digits of precision within the
			following range:

				2.225074E-308 to 1.797693E+308

			The calculator also maintains internal constant
			values for Pi and the natural log specifier (e)
			as follows:

				Pi = 3.14159265358979
				e  = 2.71828182845905

	  Conventions - All mathematical computations performed by the
		  and   calculator use floating point numerical values,
	  Conversions   operations, and algorithms.  When numerical
			values are entered, they are converted to their
			floating point equivalent prior to performing
			any arithmetic operation.

			All trigonometric operations involving circular
			functions are performed using radian values
			(360 degrees equals 2Pi radians).  Conversions
			from degrees or gradients to radians, and back
			again, are performed internally based on the
			current [DRG] setting on the main banner.

			Owing to the fact that Inverse Trigonometric
			functions are many valued, the calculator will
			only return the "principal value" for Inverse
			functions as shown in the following:

				Degrees       Radians       Gradients
			      -----------  --------------  ------------
			Asin  -90 to  +90  -Pi/2 to +Pi/2  -100 to +100
			Acos    0 to +180      0 to +Pi       0 to +200
			Atan  -90 to  +90  -Pi/2 to +Pi/2  -100 to +100

	     Register - Numeric values assigned to memory registers are
	   Values and   maintained in two forms:  The ASCII value as
	    Equations   displayed in the register's value window, and
			the internal floating point value from which
			the displayed value is derived.  Additionally,
			the exact mathematical expression (as typed in
			the entry window) which assigned the resulting
			numerical value to the register is maintained
			for later recall at the user's discretion.

			When evaluating mathematical expressions that
			contain references to the contents of one or

					-14-


			more registers, the calculator's mathematical
			parser will retrieve the internally maintained
			floating point values for each register prior
			to performing the required computations.

	    Observing - The order of precedence in which mathematical
	     Operator   operators are evaluated by the calculator, when
	   Precedence   parsing mathematical expressions, is listed in
			the following order from highest to lowest:

			    3.  Unary (+,-), Factorial (!), Power (^)
			    2.  *, /, Mod, Rem
			    1.  +, -

			Some examples illustrating the application of
			this order of precedence are provided in the
			following:

			    Expression	    Result
			    -------------   ------
			    6 * 3 + 4 	      22
			    6 + 3 * 4 	      18
			    6 + 4! * 3	      78
			    6 + 10^2 * 3     306
			    6 + 20 Mod 3       8
			    6 * 20 Int 3      12
			    6 + 10^2/5	      26

			Although these rules of precedence are generally
			accepted within the engineering and scientific
			communities, you are encouraged to make use of
			the precedence control delimiters provided by
			Smedley's calculator to insure that mathematical
			expressions are not only more readable, but are
			also parsed as intended.

			For example, instead of entering expressions
			like these:

			    6 * 3 + 4     (which equals 22)
			    6 * 16^1/2    (which equals 48)

			You can control operator precedence evaluation
			by entering the expressions like this:

			    6 * (3 + 4)   (which equals 42)
			    6 * 16^(1/2)  (which equals 24)

			For additional information concerning the use
			of operator precedence control delimiters, see
			the paragraph entitled "Using Delimiters" in
			Chapter 2 under the section header: "Equation
			Entry and Editing".




					-15-


			_________________________________________________
	Action Button
	   Processing   The action buttons occupy the first two rows of
			buttons, and the bottom row of buttons, located
			on the right-hand side of the calculator.  For
			keystroke enthusiasts, each of these buttons has
			been assigned a corresponding function key from
			those provided by your console keyboard as shown
			in the following illustration:

			    Action Buttons             Keyboard Keys
			-----------------------     -------------------
			[D:S] [CLR] [RCL] [STO]     [F1] [F2] [F3] [F4]
			[FIX] [WIN] [DRG] [+:-]     [F5] [F6] [F7] [F8]
			  .	.     .     .

			[ SELECT  ] [ ASSIGN  ]     [F9]      [F10]

			To initiate an action you may either use the
			mouse and click on the desired action button or
			press the corresponding function key.

			If you initiate an action using the mouse, and
			the selected action requires input of additional
			parameters, the action button's mnemonic label
			(i.e. "CLR") will appear in the message window.
			Additional parameters, as you enter them, will
			also appear in the message window until the
			action is either completed or aborted.

			IMPORTANT:  An action initiated using the mouse
			must be completed using the mouse.  Pressing a
			keyboard key will abort the selected action as
			will clicking the mouse over a non-legitimate
			object.

			As with the mouse, when you initiate an action
			by pressing its corresponding keyboard function
			key (i.e. [F2]) and the selection requires input
			of additional parameters, the action button's
			mnemonic label (i.e. "CLR") will appear in the
			message window.  However, unlike with the mouse,
			the message window now becomes an "edit" window
			and a blinking edit cursor will appear. At this
			point you must use keyboard keystrokes to enter
			the required parameters.

			When you have entered the required parameters,
			press the [ENTER] key to complete the action.
			To abort the action, press the [ESC] key.  For
			information about other edit control keys that
			are available to assist you in this process,
			see the paragraph entitled "The Line Editor",
			in the section "Editor Control Commands", later
			in this chapter.


					-16-


			NOTE:  When using the keyboard "line editor"
			you must insert at least one "space" between
			each required parameter.

			Complete descriptions, with respect to purpose
			and initiation procedures, for each of these
			action buttons is provided in the paragraphs
			that follow.

		[D:S] - Decimal or Scientific:  Allows you to specify
			how calculation results will be displayed in
			the entry window.

			This button allows you to "toggle" between two
			display formats:  Decimal or Scientific.  The
			current entry window display format selection
			is shown in the mode display frame on the main
			banner as either "Dec" or "Sci".  To change
			selections, do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [D:S]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F1]

			NOTE:  This button only affects how calculation
			results are displayed in the entry window.  It
			does not affect how results are displayed in
			register value windows.

		[CLR] - Clear:  Allows you to "clear" the entry window
			or a register value window.

			Clearing the entry window causes the current
			entry window display to be erased and the edit
			cursor to be repositioned to the upper left
			corner of the display window.  To clear the
			entry window, do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [CLR] + [WIN]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F2] + {0} + [Enter]

			Clearing a register value window causes the
			window display to be "zeroed" and its equation
			string to be changed to reflect the assignment
			of a "zero" to the register.

			To clear a register value window, do one of the
			following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [CLR] + [Rn]

			   Where:  Rn is one of the sixteen register
				   buttons, i.e. [R1] -- [R16]



					-17-


			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F2] + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			NOTE:  When a register is cleared, the equation
			strings for any chained registers will then be
			recomputed and their results re-displayed.

			For more information about "chaining", see the
			section entitled "Creating Register Equation
			Chains" later in this chapter.

		[RCL] - Reclaim Register:  Allows you to "reclaim" the
			equation string associated with a particular
			register.

			When you create a mathematical expression and
			assign it to a register, the numerical result is
			displayed in the register's value window and the
			equation string (what you typed) is saved in the
			register's internal association table.  If you
			then reclaim that register, the equation string
			(in its entirety) will be retrieved and inserted
			into the entry window display using the current
			edit cursor position as the insertion point.

			To reclaim an equation string, do one of the
			following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [RCL] + [Rn]

			   Where:  Rn is one of the sixteen register
				   buttons, i.e. [R1] -- [R16]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F3] + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			REMEMBER:  The insertion point in the entry
			window display for a reclaimed equation string
			is the current edit cursor's position.  Make
			sure the cursor is positioned where you want
			the insertion to begin before performing the
			reclaim operation.

		[STO] - Store Register:  Allows you to assign the last
			value computed for entry window display, and
			its associated mathematical expression, to a
			register.

			When you enter a mathematical expression and
			request computation, but did not assign the
			result to a register, the calculator displays
			the result in the entry window and saves both

					-18-


			the result and the mathematical expression in
			the entry window's internal association table.

			Since the calculation result and its associated
			mathematical expression are preserved, a store
			register operation may be performed at any time
			by doing one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [STO] + [Rn]

			   Where:  Rn is one of the sixteen register
				   buttons, i.e. [R1] -- [R16]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F4] + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			NOTE:  When the store register operation is
			executed, the equation strings for any chained
			registers will be recomputed and their results
			will be re-displayed.

		[FIX] - Fix Decimal Point:  Allows you to specify how
			many digits to the right of the decimal point
			in a numerical result will be displayed, when
			the display mode is set to "Dec", for both the
			entry window and each memory register.

			The default setting for the "Dec" display mode
			is "Integer", e.g. zero (0) decimal places.
			When the "Fix" setting is zero (0), numerical
			results will be rounded to the nearest integer.
			The maximum setting is fourteen (14) decimal
			places.

			To change the decimal point setting for the
			entry window, do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:

			   Click   [FIX] + [WIN] + [n]..[n] + [ASSIGN]

			   Where:  [WIN] indicates the entry window and
				   [n]..[n] means click one or two of
				   the numerical function buttons (0--9)
				   as required for the desired decimal
				   point setting.

			o  Keyboard:

			   Type    [F5] + {0} + {0--14} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {0} indicates the entry window and
				   {0--14} is the decimal point setting.


					-19-


			To change the decimal point setting for a memory
			register, do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:

			   Click   [FIX] + [Rn] + [n]..[n] + [ASSIGN]

			   Where:  [Rn] is the register's ID button and
				   [n]..[n] means click one or two of
				   the numerical function buttons (0--9)
				   as required for the desired decimal
				   point setting.

			o  Keyboard:

			   Type    [F5] + {1--16} + {0--14} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   ID number, and {0--14} is asking for
				   the desired decimal point setting.

			NOTE:  For decimal displays the calculator will
			always round results to the specified precision
			(decimal places).  If the specified precision
			for a calculated result will cause the loss of
			significant digits in the display, the display
			will revert to scientific notation format.

		[WIN] - Change Entry Window:  Allows you to change the
			vertical size of the entry window.  There are
			three (3) sizes available as listed below:

			o  Size 1:  Three (3) lines of visable text

			o  Size 2:  Ten (10) lines of visable text

			o  Size 3:  Eighteen (18) lines of visable text

			Size 1 is the default size.  However, you may
			select a different size at any time by doing
			one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [WIN] + [n]

			   Where:  [n] is a numerical function button
				   in the range of 1--3.

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F6] + {1--3}

			   Where:  {1--3} is the desired size.

			NOTE:  The size of the entry window does not
			affect how many lines of text you may actually
			type, it merely determines how many lines of
			text are visable at any one time.


					-20-


		[DRG] - Degrees, Radians, and Gradients:  Allows you to
			specify how angular values are to be interpreted
			by the trigonometric functions.  Descriptions
			of these choices are provided in the following:

			o  Degrees:  Specifies that angular values are
			   to be interpreted with respect to a "unit
			   circle" of 360 degrees (or multiples thereof)
			   where the fractional part of one degree is
			   represented as a decimal value, i.e. 30.5
			   means an angular value of 30 and 1/2 degrees.

			o  Radians:  Specifies that angular values are
			   to be interpreted with respect to a "unit
			   circle" of 2Pi radians (or multiples thereof)
			   where one radian = 360/(2*Pi) degrees.

			o  Gradients:  Specifies that angular values
			   are to be interpreted with respect to a "unit
			   circle" of 400 degrees (or multiples thereof)
			   where the fractional part of one degree is
			   represented as a decimal value, i.e. 40.5
			   means a gradient value of 40 and 1/2 degrees.

			This button allows you to "toggle" between these
			three choices by doing one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [DRG]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F7]

			When you toggle this button, the mode display
			frame on the main banner will show the current
			selection as follows:

			o  "Deg" -- Degrees

			o  "Rad" -- Radians

			o  "Gra" -- Gradients

			CAUTION:  This is a global specifier.  When you
			change it you are effectively saying that from
			this point forward the new selection is to be
			honored for all calculations.  Any calculation
			results obtained under a previous selection may
			produce erroneous results when referenced while
			the new selection is in force.

		[+:-] - Plus or Minus:  Allows you to change the "sign"
			of a numerical value currently being displayed
			in a memory register's value window.

			If the sign of the current value is plus (+)
			it will be changed to minus (-) and vice versa.
			To change the sign do one of the followng:

					-21-


			o  Mouse:  Click  [+:-] + [Rn]

			   Where:  Rn is one of the sixteen register
				   buttons, i.e. [R1] -- [R16]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F8] + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			NOTE:  Changing the "sign" of a numeric value
			does not affect the associated equation string
			which created the original value.  However, it
			will cause the equation strings for all chained
			registers to be recomputed and their results to
			be redisplayed.

	     [SELECT] - Select Register:  Provides a convenient way for
			you to select a target memory register for an
			assignment calculation taking the form:

			{target register} = {mathematical expression}

			Which means:  Assign the result from evaluation
			of the mathematical expression appearing on the
			right hand side of the assignment operator (=)
			to the target register appearing on the left.

			To select a register do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [SELECT] + [Rn]

			   Where:  Rn is one of the sixteen register
				   buttons, i.e. [R1] -- [R16]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F9] + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			For purposes of illustration in the discussion
			that follows, R2 is assumed to be the desired
			target register and its lable is "Gamma".

			The select register action works in conjunction
			with the "Lab" - "Val" setting of the target
			register as follows:

			o  If "Lab" is set when the select action is
			   performed, the calculator will check to see
			   if a label is present.  In this case the
			   label "Gamma" is present and the character
			   string "Gamma = " (without the quotes) will
			   appear in the entry window.  If the label
			   were not present, the register button label
			   would be used instead, i.e. "R2 = ".

					-22-


			o  If "Val" is set when the select action is
			   performed, only the register button label
			   is used, i.e. "R2 = ".

			o  NOTE:  When a select action is performed,
			   the resulting character string will be
			   inserted at the current cursor position in
			   the entry window.

			For more information about the select register
			action, and assignment calculations in general,
			see "Equation Entry and Editing" later in this
			chapter.

	     [ASSIGN] - Perform Calculation:  This button is used to
			initiate a calculation or to signal completion
			of a "FIX" decimal point action (mouse only).

			When a calculation is initiated, the current
			equation (or mathematical expression) appearing
			in the entry window will be evaluated.  The
			evaluation result is then assigned to either
			the entry window or, if present, the specified
			target register.

			To perform a calculation do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  [ASSIGN]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [F10]

			NOTE:  When a target register is specified that
			has one or more subordinate (chained) registers,
			their equation strings and register displays
			will be recomputed and redisplayed at this time.

			_________________________________________________
	     Register
	      Options   Each of the sixteen (16) memory registers can be
	   Processing   customized with respect to how numerical values
			are referenced and displayed.  In addition, each
			register can be assigned a unique "label" which
			may be used within an equation or mathematical
			expression to represent its numerical value.

			For example, if the labels "x", "y", and "z" are
			currently assigned to registers R1, R2, and R3
			respectively, then you could type an equation
			like this:  x = y + z.  Then, when the [ASSIGN]
			button or [F10] key is pressed, the calculators'
			mathematical parser will recognize these labels
			as "symbols" for register values and, in this
			case, will "fetch" the numerical values from R2
			and R3, add them together, and store the result
			in R1.


					-23-


			The register banner at the top of each register
			display provides four (4) selections as shown
			in the following facsimile:

				+-----------------------+
				| [Lab] Val  [Dec] Sci  |
				|-----------------------|
				| [   Value Window    ] |
				|-----------------------|
				| [Rn] [ Label Window ] |
				+-----------------------+

			The default selections are "Lab" and "Dec" and
			are so indicated in the actual display by a
			"box" enclosing each selection.  The box is
			represented here by enclosed brackets [].

			The first pair of selections (Lab | Val) control
			register reference attributes and the second
			pair (Dec | Sci) control register value display
			attributes.  The selection box provided for each
			pair indicates the current settings.

			The label window at the bottom of each register
			displays the currently assigned label.  The
			default is "blank".

			The following five paragraphs will describe the
			procedures for customizing a memory register.

		[Lab] - Reference by Label:  Directs the calculator to
			use the label appearing in the label window
			in response to a register reference action.
			If no label is present, then the register
			button label "Rn" will be used.

			To make this selection, do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  "Lab" on the register banner

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [Alt]-L + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			Making this selection will cause its associated
			selection box to "jump" from the "Val" setting
			and appear around the "Lab" setting.

		[Val] - Reference by Value:  Directs the calculator to
			use the numerical value appearing in the value
			window in response to a "register reference"
			action.

			To make this selection, do one of the following:


					-24-


			o  Mouse:  Click  "Val" on the register banner

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [Alt]-V + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			Making this selection will cause its associated
			selection box to "jump" from the "Lab" setting
			and appear around the "Val" setting.

		[Dec] - Decimal Format:  Directs the calculator to use
			the fixed decimal point format for display of
			numerical values assigned to the register.

			To make this selection, do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  "Dec" on the register banner

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [Alt]-D + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			Making this selection will cause its associated
			selection box to "jump" from the "Sci" setting
			and appear around the "Dec" setting.

			REMINDER:  For decimal displays the calculator
			will round results to the specified precision
			(decimal places).  If the specified precision
			for a calculated result will cause the loss of
			significant digits, the display will revert to
			scientific notation format.

		[Sci] - Scientific Format:  Directs the calculator to
			use the scientific notation format for display
			of numerical values assigned to the register.

			To make this selection, do one of the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click  "Sci" on the register banner

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [Alt]-S + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			Making this selection will cause its associated
			selection box to "jump" from the "Dec" setting
			and appear around the "Sci" setting.

	      [Label] - Label Assignment:  Allows you to access the
			label window of a specific register and assign
			your own symbolic "label" to the register.


					-25-


			A label may range from one (1) to twelve (12)
			alpha-numeric characters in length, including
			underscores (_) and apostrophies ('), but it
			must be unique and it must not duplicate any
			reserved word (see Appendix A ).  The range of
			legal characters allowable for use in creating
			labels is given in the following:

			    o	Single Quote 		(')
			    o	Underscore		(_)
			    o	Numbers			(0--9)
			    o	Upper Case letters	(A--Z)
			    o	Lower Case letters	(a--z)

			When you access a label window, it temporarily
			becomes an "edit" window where you may enter a
			new label or edit an existing label.

			To access a register's label window, do one of
			the following:

			o  Mouse:  Click on the  [ Label Window ]

			o  Keyboard:  Type  [Alt]-E + {1--16} + [ENTER]

			   Where:  {1--16} is asking for the register's
				   identification number

			When access is gained, a blinking cursor will
			appear in the window and you may then proceed
			with the edit process.

			When you have finished entering your new label,
			press the [ENTER] key to complete the action.
			To abort the action, press the [ESC] key.  For
			information about other edit control keys that
			are available to assist you in this process,
			see the paragraph entitled "The Line Editor",
			in the section "Editor Control Commands", later
			in this chapter.
			_________________________________________________
	     Function
	       Button   The function buttons consist of the nine rows of
	   Processing   buttons, beginning with the third row, on the
			right hand side of the calculator as shown below:

				  [Sin]  [Cos]  [Tan]  [Inv]
				  [Log]  [Ln ]  [Pi ]  [Hyp]
				  [Abs]  [Ran]  [ ! ]  [ e ]
				  [Mod]  [Int]  [ ( ]  [ ) ]
				  [[ ]]  [ ^ ]  [ E ]  [ / ]
				  [ 7 ]  [ 8 ]  [ 9 ]  [ * ]
				  [ 4 ]  [ 5 ]  [ 6 ]  [ - ]
				  [ 1 ]  [ 2 ]  [ 3 ]  [ + ]
				  [ 0 ]  [ . ]  [ = ]  [ " ]


					-26-


			These buttons are collectively referred to in
			this manual as "function buttons" because they
			either invoke specific mathematical functions
			or they assist in the creation of mathematical
			expressions.  In actuality they are a mix of
			functions, operators, specifiers, and numbers.

			With exception to the [Inv] and [Hyp] buttons,
			which are discussed later in this section, the
			following conditions apply:

			o  When you use the mouse and click on a button,
			   the button's label will appear in the entry
			   window at the current cursor position.

			o  If you prefer to use the console keyboard,
			   simply type the label of the desired button
			   (exactly as you see it) directly into the
			   entry window.

			With the exception of the numeric [ 0 ]--[ 9 ]
			buttons (which are self explanatory), complete
			descriptions for each of the remaining buttons
			are provided in the paragraphs that follow.

		[Sin] - Sine Function:  Invokes the trigonometric sine
			function of the form:  Sin(v).  Where v is a
			numeric value or an expression which reduces
			to a numeric value.

		[Cos] - Cosine Function:  Invokes the trigonometric
			cosine function of the form:  Cos(v).  Where v
			is a numeric value or an expression which
			reduces to a numeric value.

		[Tan] - Tangent Function:  Invokes the trigonometric
			tangent function of the form:  Tan(v).  Where v
			is a numeric value or an expression which
			reduces to a numeric value.

		[Inv] - Inverse Function Specifier:  Sets the inverse
			function for the [Sin], [Cos], [Tan], and [Hyp]
			buttons in the form:  F(v).  Where F is the name
			of the Function, as listed below, and v is a
			numeric value or an expression which reduces to
			a numeric value:

			    Name     Function
			    -----    --------------------------
			    Asin     Inverse sine
			    Acos     Inverse cosine
			    Atan     Inverse tangent
			    Asinh    Inverse hyperbolic sine
			    Acosh    Inverse hyperbolic cosine
			    Atanh    Inverse hyperbolic tangent


					-27-


			To invoke a function, do one of the following:

			    Mouse Button Sequence      Keyboard
			    ---------------------  OR  --------
			    [Inv] + [Sin]		 Asin
			    [Inv] + [Cos]                Acos
			    [Inv] + [Tan]                Atan
			    [Inv] + [Hyp] + [Sin]        Asinh
			    [Inv] + [Hyp] + [Cos]        Acosh
			    [Inv] + [Hyp] + [Tan]        Atanh

		[Hyp] - Hyperbolic Function Specifier:  Invokes the
			hyperbolic function for the [Sin], [Cos], and
			[Tan] buttons in the form:  F(v).  Where F is
			the name of the Function, as listed below, and
			v is a numeric value or an expression which
			reduces to a numeric value:

			    Name     Function
			    -----    --------------------------
			    Sinh     Hyperbolic sine
			    Cosh     Hyperbolic cosine
			    Tanh     Hyperbolic tangent

			To invoke a function, do one of the following:

			    Mouse Button Sequence      Keyboard
			    ---------------------  OR  --------
			    [Hyp] + [Sin]		 Sinh
			    [Hyp] + [Cos]                Cosh
			    [Hyp] + [Tan]                Tanh

		[Abs] - Absolute Value Function:  Returns the absolute
			value of an expression of the form:  Abs(v).
			Where v is a numeric value or an expression
			which reduces to a numeric value.

		[Ran] - Random Number Function:  Returns a random number
			between zero (0) and (v-1) of the form:  Ran(v).
			Where v is an integer value or an expression
			which reduces to an integer value within the
			domain (1--32767).

		[Mod] - Modulus Remainder Function:  Performs a modulo
			division of the form:  n Mod m.  Where n is the
			dividend and m is the divisor.  The function
			returns the "remainder", i.e. 7 Mod 4 = 3.

		[Int] - Modulus Integer Function:  Performs a modulo
			division of the form:  n Int m.  Where n is the
			dividend and m is the divisor.  The function
			returns the "integer" number of times n is
			completely divisible by m, i.e. 7 Int 4 = 1.




					-28-


		[Log] - Common Logarithm Function:  Invokes the common
			logarithm (base 10) function of the form: Log(v).
			Where v is a numeric value or an expression
			which reduces to a numeric value.

		[Ln ] - Natural Logarithm Function:  Invokes the natural
			logarithm (base e) function of the form:  Ln(v).
			Where v is a numeric value or an expression
			which reduces to a numeric value.

		[Pi ] - Pi Specifier:  Represents the value of Pi to
			fifteen (15) decimal places.

		[ e ] - Natural Logarithm Specifier:  Represents the
			natural logarithm base (e) value to fifteen
			(15) decimal places.

		[ E ] - Scientific Notation Specifier:  Represents the
			base 10 multiplier when used in connection with
			a value expressed in scientific notation format,
			i.e.  2.5E4 = 2.5*(10^4) = 25000.

		[ ! ] - Factorial Operator:  Specifies a calculation of
			the form:  n!.   Where n is an integer value or
			an expression which reduces to an integer value
			within the domain (0 to +170).  The factorial
			result (n!) is defined here as:

			      n! = (n) * (n-1) * (n-2)... * 2 * 1
			      0! = 1

		[ ^ ] - Power Operator:  Specifies a calculation of the
			form:  n^m.  Where n and m are numeric values
			or expressions which reduce to numeric values.
			The result is expressed as:  "n" raised to the
			"m"th power.

			The square root, cube root, or "m"th root of a
			number may be computed by doing the following:

			    n^(1/2) = square root of "n"
			    n^(1/3) = cube root of "n"
			    n^(1/m) = "m"th root of "n"

		[ / ] - Divide Operator:  Specifies a calculation of
			the form:  n / m.  Where n and m are numeric
			values or expressions which reduce to numeric
			values.  The result is expressed as:  divide
			"n" by "m".

		[ * ] - Multiply Operator:  Specifies a calculation of
			the form:  n * m.  where n and m are numeric
			values or expressions which reduce to numeric
			values.  The result is expressed as:  multiply
			"n" by "m".


					-29-


		[ + ] - Addition Operator:  Specifies a calculation of
			the form:  n + m.  Where n and m are numeric
			values or expressions which reduce to numeric
			values.  The result is expressed as:  add
			"m" to "n".

		[ - ] - Subtraction Operator:  Specifies a calculation
			of the form:  n - m.  Where n and m are numeric
			values or expressions which reduce to numeric
			values.  The result is expressed as:  subtract
			"m" from "n".

		[ . ] - Decimal Point:  Provides the means for entering
			a decimal point.

		[ = ] - Assignment Operator:  Specifies an assignment
			of the results of a mathematical expression to
			a register as follows:

				Rn = {expression}

			Where:  n is a register ID number (1--16)

			   Or:  label = {expression}

			Where:  label is the name (symbol) assigned to
				the register

		[ " ] - Comment Specifier:  Provides the means for
			entering beginning and ending quote marks to
			delineate embeded comments.

		[ ( ] - Left Delimiter:  Provides the means for entering
			the left delimiter of an enclosed mathematical
			expression.

		[ ) ] - Right Delimiter:  Provides the means for
			entering the right delimiter of an enclosed
			mathematical expression.

		[[ ]] - Space:  Provides the means for entering an
			ASCII "space".  This button label looks like
			a "box" on the actual calculator display.
			_________________________________________________
	       Editor
	      Control   Smedley's calculator provides two text editors
	     Commands   to assist you when entering control information
			required by the calculator, or when entering
			mathematical expressions in the entry window.

	     The Line - The line editor provides a set of edit control
	       Editor   keys for entering and editing a single line of
			text.  This "mini" editor is used for all entry
			and edit operations involving calculator control
			functions.  Edit control keys provided by this
			editor are described in the following:

					-30-


			o  [Backspace]    Deletes one character to the
					  left of the cursor

			o  [<--]          Moves cursor one character to
					  the left

			o  [-->]  	  Moves cursor one character to
					  the right

			o  [Home]         Moves cursor to the start of
					  the line

			o  [End]  	  Moves cursor to the end of
					  the line

			o  [Esc]          Aborts the edit

			o  [Enter]  	  Accepts the edit

	    The Entry - The entry window editor provides the means for
	Window Editor   entering and editing equations, mathematical
			expressions, and comments in the entry window.
			Edit control keys supported by this editor are
			described in the following:

			o  [Backspace]    Deletes one character to the
					  left of the cursor

			o  [<--]          Moves cursor one character to
					  the left

			o  [-->]  	  Moves cursor one character to
					  the right

			o  [Up Arrow]	  Moves cursor up one line

			o  [Down Arrow]   Moves cursor down one line

			o  [Ctrl]-[<--]   Moves cursor left one word

			o  [Ctrl]-[-->]   Moves cursor right one word

			o  [Home]         Moves cursor to the start of
					  a sentence

			o  [End]  	  Moves cursor to the end of a
					  sentence

			o  [Ctrl]-[Home]  Moves cursor to the start of
					  the edit buffer

			o  [Ctrl]-[End]   Moves cursor to the end of
					  the edit buffer

			o  [Page Up]	  Scrolls the display up one
					  page

					-31-


			o  [Page Down]    Scrolls the display down one
					  page

			o  [Esc]          Undo last insert or delete
					  edit action (see note below)

			o  [Enter]  	  Inserts a carriage return and
					  moves the cursor to the start
					  of the next display line.

			The editor only functions in the "insert" mode
			for typed input, e.g. text when typed is always
			inserted at the current cursor position.  The
			[Esc] key provides a modest "Undo" feature that
			allows you to undo the last edit action taken.

			The Undo feature is turned "on" when you begin
			typing (inserting) text, or when you use the
			[Backspace] key to begin deleting text.  It is
			turned "off" by using one of the cursor control
			keys listed above to reposition the cursor.

			When you are typing (inserting) text and hit
			the [Esc] key, all text typed since you last
			repositioned the cursor will be deleted.  If
			you begin deleting text by repeatedly pressing
			the [Backspace] key and then press the [Esc]
			key, the deleted text will be restored.
			_________________________________________________
	     Equation
	    Entry and   The entry window is where you enter mathematical
	      Editing   equations, expressions, and general comments.
			The calculator does not require such entries to
			conform to any specific format.  In other words,
			you are free to format your entries to satisfy
			your own personal cosmetic preferences.  When you
			complete an entry, and click the [Assign] button
			or press the [F10] key, your entry will be logged
			exactly as entered and the entry window will be
			cleared.

			Basically, when making an entry, you proceed as
			you would with a typewriter.  To end a line you
			press [Enter], or just continue to type.  The
			"autowrap" feature of the editor automatically
			advances you to the next line when you reach the
			end of the current line.  If you enter enough
			lines to fill the current window, the top line
			scrolls off the screen.  When scrolling occurs
			you can move back and forth in your text, using
			the previously described scrolling commands, to
			view and edit scrolled text.

	  Limitations - There are two limitations that apply when making
			entries:  The length of an assignment string and
			the length of the edit buffer.

					-32-


			An assignment string is defined as an equation
			string (plus comments) whose result is to be
			assigned (for display) to the entry window or
			to a memory register.  An assignment string may
			contain up to a maximum of 666 characters.  The
			edit buffer, on the other hand, allows you to
			enter up to 1200 characters.

			The key to understanding this seeming disparity
			is to realize that, while an assignment string
			is limited to 666 characters, a "comment only"
			entry may contain up to 1200 characters.  More
			information concerning "comment only" entries
			and assignment strings is provided later in this
			section.

			NOTE:  The term "string", as used here, refers
			to the actual number of typed characters that
			make up an entry (including spaces and carriage
			returns) rather than the number of lines that
			make up the entry's display.  For example:  If
			you typed:  ABCD [Enter] EFG.  You would have
			two (2) lines of text and a string of eight (8)
			characters.

		 Case - The mathematical equation parser that evaluates
	  Sensitivity   your entries and returns calculated results for
			display is case sensitive.  For example:  "Sin"
			does not equal "sin".  Typing "Sin" causes the
			parser to perform a trigonometric Sine function.
			If you typed "sin" the parser would treat it
			as a register label reference.

			NOTE:  All math functions begin with a capital
			(upper case) letter, i.e. Sin, Cos, Tan, etc.

	  Referencing - Mathematical expressions can be constructed by
	    Registers   using a combination of entered numerical values,
			function references, and register references.
			An expression such as "35+49" is comprised of
			two numerical values.  An expression such as
			"Cos(30)*100" illustrates a function reference
			and two numerical values.  An expression like
			"Sin(45)*100/R2" contains a function reference,
			two numerical values, and a register reference.

			A register reference, as the term implies, tells
			the mathematical equation parser to retrieve
			the value contained in the referenced register,
			insert it into the expression at the point where
			the reference occurred, and continue to evaluate
			the expression.

			For the examples that follow, assume that your
			current register display appears as shown below:


					-33-


			+--------------------+  +--------------------+
			|[Lab] Val [Dec] Sci |  |[Lab] Val  Dec [Sci]|
			|--------------------|  |--------------------|
			|[               100]|  |[             2.5E2]|
			|--------------------|  |--------------------|
			|[R1] [alpha        ]|  |[R2] [beta         ]|
			+--------------------+  +--------------------+
			+--------------------+  +--------------------+
			|[Lab] Val [Dec] Sci |  | Lab [Val][Dec] Sci |
			|--------------------|  |--------------------|
			|[            30.000]|  |[             .4555]|
			|--------------------|  |--------------------|
			|[R3] [gamma        ]|  |[R4] [epsilon      ]|
			+--------------------+  +--------------------+
			+--------------------+  +--------------------+
			|[Lab] Val [Dec] Sci |  |[Lab] Val  Dec [Sci]|
			|--------------------|  |--------------------|
			|[            0.0000]|  |[               0.0]|
			|--------------------|  |--------------------|
			|[R5] [mu           ]|  |[R6] [theta        ]|
			+--------------------+  +--------------------+

			Before continuing you should note the "banner"
			settings for each register, their labels, and
			their decimal point settings.  If you are not
			sure about their meaning, you should review the
			section entitled "Register Options Processing"
			presented earlier in this chapter.

			When entering mathematical expressions from the
			keyboard and you wish to reference the contents
			of a particular register, all you need to do is
			type the register's button ID or its lable.

			For example, if you wanted to add the contents
			of registers R2 and R3 together and assign the
			result to register R1, you could do so by typing
			one of the following in the entry window:

				R1 = R2 + R3
			   or:  alpha = beta + gamma
			   or:  any combination thereof

			Press the [F10] key, or click on the [ASSIGN]
			button, to initiate the calculation.

			To perform the same calculation using the mouse
			you could do the following:

			   Click [SELECT] + [R1] + [R2] + [ + ] + [R3]

			At this point, given current register options
			as shown above, the entry window display would
			show the following:

				  alpha = beta+gamma

					-34-


			Press the [F10] key, or click on the [ASSIGN]
			button, to initiate the calculation.

			NOTE:  In the example immediately above, if no
			labels had been assigned to registers R1, R2,
			and R3, the illustrated mouse sequence would
			produce:
				  R1 = R2+R3

			If, when creating a mathematical expression,
			you wish to retrieve a numeric value currently
			being displayed in a register's value window,
			you may do so in one of two ways:

			o  Keyboard:  Simply type what you see.

			o  Mouse:  First insure that the register's
			   "Val" setting is selected, i.e. the "box"
			   appears around [Val].  Then click on the
			   register's ID button.  For example, using
			   the register settings illustrated above,
			   the following mouse sequence:

			   Click [SELECT] + [R1] + [R2] + [ + ] + [R4]

			   Will produce:  alpha = beta+.4555

			NOTE:  When using this feature be aware that
			the rounded value, just as you see it displayed
			in the register's value window, will be used in
			the equation.

		Using - The mathematical equation parser also supports
	   Delimiters   the use of "delimiters" for controlling how
			mathematical expressions are evaluated with
			respect to operator precedence. The delimiters
			supported are:  Parentheses (), brackets [],
			and braces {}.

			IMPORTANT:  The parser does not recognize any
			precedence between the delimiters themselves.
			They are provided strictly for cosmetic value
			to help you create more readable equations.

			For example, you might write something like:

			    alpha = {beta*[gamma+(mu*theta)]}/epsilon

			Instead of:

			    alpha = (beta*(gamma+(mu*theta)))/epsilon

			The only requirement is that when delimiters
			are used, the number of "left" side delimiters
			must be matched with an equal number of "right"
			side delimiters.  They do not, however, have

					-35-


			to be the same type of delimiter.  While not
			recommended, you could type an equation such as
			alpha = beta+(gamma*mu] and be perfectly legal.

			For more information about operator precedence,
			see "Observing Operator Precedence" earlier in
			this chapter.

		Using - As defined here, a comment string is any string
	     Comments   of printable characters (including spaces and
			carriage returns) enclosed within quotation
			marks ("..."), i.e. "This is a string".

			There are two ways comments may be used to log
			descriptive information to the Temporary file.
			You may create "comment only" entries and you
			may also add embeded comments anywhere within
			an assignment string.

			To create a "comment only" entry, you merely
			start your entry with a quote (") mark, type
			whatever information you wish to log, end your
			entry with another quote (") mark, and then
			click the [ASSIGN] button (or press [F10]).
			Your comment will then be logged exactly as was
			entered, and the entry window will be cleared
			in preparation for the next entry.

			For example, you might type something like:

				"The following set of equations
				calculates the pull of the moon
				on the tides of the Sultan sea."

				Then:  Click [ASSIGN] or press [F10].

			If you're into cosmetics, you could also type:

				" The following set of equations  "
				" calculates the pull of the moon "
				" on the tides of the Sultan sea. "

				Then:  Click [ASSIGN] or press [F10].

			As mentioned previously, a "comment only" entry
			can contain up to 1200 typewritten characters.
			The calculator will warn you if you attempt to
			exceed this limit.  You may, of course, simply
			make a series of such entries should you wish
			to log descriptive information that otherwise
			would exceed this limit.

			When used within an assignment string, comments
			can provide a useful means for documenting the
			purpose of an equation, or even the individual
			parts of an equation.

					-36-


			For example, you could do something like this:

				" Calculate the travel time   "
				" between two points, (x1)    "
				" and (x2), along the x-axis  "
				" using the rate of speed (s) "

				t =	      " Time equals   "
				(x2-x1)/s     " distance/rate "

				Then:  Click [ASSIGN] or press [F10].

			This is obviously a bit overdone but you can
			see the idea.  As long as individual components
			of an equation are separated only by comment
			strings, the mathematical equation parser will
			ferret out the complete equation.  In this case
			the parser would find:  t=(x2-x1)/s.

			NOTE:  All comments and equation components for
			assignment string entries are preserved exactly
			as they were typed.  Thus, using this example,
			were you to now perform a [RCL] action on the
			register whose name is "t", everything you see
			typed above would reappear in the entry window.

		Error - Error detection and display is provided by the
	    Detection   calculator for two classes of errors:  Parser
	  and Display   detected (mathematical) errors, and calculator
			control errors.  In both cases, when an error
			is detected, an error message will be displayed
			in the message window denoting the error type.

			When the parser detects a mathematical error,
			the error message displayed will be highlighted
			by two leading and two trailing asterisks, i.e.
			** Undefined symbol **.  In addition, the edit
			cursor will be repositioned in the entry window
			display to reflect the point where the parser
			detected the error.

			NOTE:  Parser detected errors cause the entry,
			followed by the error message, to be logged in
			the session's Temporary file.

			Calculator control errors occur when you attempt
			to enter a calculator control command but fail
			to fully specify the command.  For example, if
			a particular command requires you to enter two
			parameters and you entered only one, you would
			get an "Invalid Parameter List" error message.
			Errors of this type are not logged.





					-37-


			_________________________________________________
	     Creating
	     Register   Register equation chains provide a powerful way
	     Equation   to create a "system" of equations for a variety
	       Chains   of purposes.  Three principal uses for equation
			chains are described in the following:

			o  The ability to breakup long equations into a
			   series of short equations where intermediate
			   results may be viewed.

			o  The ability to create multiple assignments
			   for a single result.

			o  The ability to link a series of equations
			   together and exercise "what if" scenarios.

			A chain consists of an ordered set of declared
			parent/child relationships between specified
			registers.  Each register can be designated as
			a parent for up to eight (8) child registers
			and, in turn, serve as a child register for up
			to eight (8) parents as long as no circular
			references are attempted.

			NOTE:  A circular reference occurs when you
			attempt to assign a specific register to more
			than one position in a chain, thus making the
			register dependent on changes to itself.

			To construct a chain, click the "Chain" label
			on the main banner or type [Alt]-[C].  When
			the "Chain" menu appears, follow the detailed
			instructions provided in Chapter 3 (Chain Menu)
			for creating and viewing parent/child register
			relationships.

	   How Chains - Each time a computational result (a value) is
		 Work   assigned to a parent register, the equations
			associated with each of its designated child
			registers are computationally re-evaluated and
			redisplayed.  Subsequently, if any of these
			child registers should also be a parent to one
			or more child registers, then the equations
			associated with those child registers will be
			re-evaluated and redisplayed, and so on.

			This is similar to the way spreadsheet programs
			work but with two important differences.  With
			a spreadsheet, when the value of a "cell" is
			changed, all cells whose associated equations
			reference that cell are then re-evaluated and
			redisplayed.  Here, only those registers that
			have been declared to be affected by a change
			to a parent register will have their associated


					-38-


			equations re-evaluated and redisplayed -- And
			this will occur irrespective of whether or not
			the equation associated with a child register
			actually references the contents of the parent
			register.

	     Order of - When creating register equation chains, it is
	   Evaluation   recommended that you first construct a set of
			diagrams that depict the desired parent/child
			relationships.  Then access the "Chain | Link"
			menu and make the necessary declarations.  As
			an example, consider the following graphic:

			    Chain Diagrams        Chain | Display
			    ---------------       ----------------

			    [1]                   R1 <--  2  3
			     |___[2]              R2 <--  4
			     |    |___[4]         R3 <--  5
			     |                    R4 <--
			     |___[3]              R5 <--  4
				  |___[5]         R6 <--  2
						  R7 <--
			    [6]                   R8 <--
			     |___[2]
				  |___[4]

			     |    |    |
			     A    B    C

			Here we have constructed two chain diagrams.

			The 1st chain diagram shows the following:

			    o  R1 has two child registers (R2 + R3)
			    o  R2 has one child register (R4)
			    o  R3 has one child register (R5)

			The 2nd chain diagram shows the following:

			    o  R6 has one child register (R2)
			    o  R2 has one child register (R4)

			Note:  R2 has two parent registers (R1 + R6)

			The "Chain | Display" on the right hand side
			of the graphic is what you would see if the
			"Chain | Display" menu were accessed at this
			point.

			Underneath the chain diagrams are the letters
			"A, B, and C" which are used here to indicate
			vertical columns.  By using this diagramming
			technique, the evaluation order for a chain
			can be understood to simply proceed column by
			column from left to right.

					-39-


			In the example above, were a new value to be
			assigned to a parent register in column "A",
			the registers shown in column "B" would be
			evaluated (from top to bottom) then, likewise,
			the registers in column "C", and so forth.
			Thus, if a new value were to be assigned to
			register R1 the evaluation order would be
			R2, R3, R4, and R5 respectively.  Likewise,
			for register R6 the evaluation order would be
			R2, then R4.















































					-40-


	CHAPTER 3 -- MENUS AND OPTIONS
	_________________________________________________________________

			This chapter provides detailed descriptions and
			instructions for exercising the various options
			available on the File, Chain, and Options Menus.
			_________________________________________________
	    File Menu
			The File Menu may be accessed by clicking the
			"File" label on the Main Banner, or by typing
			[Alt]-[F] on the keyboard.  When the File Menu
			appears you may select any one of the options
			presented by clicking the option's label or by
			striking the indicated (highlighted) keyboard
			key.

		  New - The "File New" option allows you to dictate that
			the current session is to be terminated and that
			the current calculator settings are to be reset
			to their default states.

			When this option is selected, you will first be
			presented with a message (in the message window)
			giving you the opportunity to save the current
			session (Yes), to not save the session (No), or
			to abort [Esc] the process.  If you then choose
			to abort, the calculator will immediately exit
			the File processing function without effecting
			any changes.

			If you choose not to abort then the current Text
			and Settings files will be saved (or not saved)
			as per choice, and the next available default
			file names will be assigned as the new session's
			Text and Settings file names.

			Finally, the calculator will re-initialize all
			memory registers to their default states, reset
			the Temporary file to its "empty" state, display
			the new (default) Text file name in the message
			window, and exit the File processing function.

			NOTE:  At this point the default file names have
			only been "assigned" to the current session.
			They have not actually been created or opened.
			A subsequent "Open", "Save" or "Save As" action
			will determine whether or not they eventually
			get created, opened, and saved.

		 Open - The "File Open" option allows you to open the
			Text and Settings files from a previous session,
			or create and open a new set of session files.

			When this option is selected, the "File | Open"
			menu will be presented and a text entry window
			with a blinking cursor will appear.  To open a

					-41-


			new (or existing) set of session files, enter
			the full name (including the file extension) of
			the desired Text file, i.e. MYFILE.TXT.  When
			finished, just press the [Enter] key to specify
			a selection.

			When typing (before pressing the [Enter] key)
			you may use the [Esc] key to erase the current
			entry.  You may also abort the entry process by
			taking one of the following actions:

			    o  Click the [MAIN] button on the menu or
			       press [F3] to return to the main menu.

			    o  Click the [EXIT] button on the menu or
			       press [F4] to exit the File processor.

			When you specify a Text file name, you will be
			presented with a message (in the message window)
			giving you the opportunity to save the current
			session (Yes), to not save the session (No), or
			to abort [Esc] the process.  If you then choose
			to abort, the calculator will immediately exit
			the File processing function without effecting
			any changes.  If you do not elect to abort, the
			Text file and its companion Settings file will
			then be opened (or created and opened) for use.

			If an existing Text file was opened, you will be
			presented with a message (in the message window)
			giving you the option to restore the contents
			of its companion Settings file (Yes), or not to
			restore the settings (No), or to abort [Esc]
			the process.  If you then choose to abort, the
			calculator will exit the File processor without
			effecting any changes.

			If you elect to restore settings, your current
			settings and displays will then be replaced with
			those contained in the specified Settings file.
			This effectively restores the calculator to the
			exact "state" it was in when the specified Text
			file was last saved.

			If the specified Text or Settings files do not
			exist, they will be created and opened for use.

			Once the specified Text and Setting files have
			been opened, the calculator will display the
			new Text file name in the message window and
			exit the File processing function.

		 Save - The "File Save" option allows you to append the
			contents of the Temporary file to the current
			session's Text and Settings files.


					-42-


			If the current Text and Settings files are not
			already open, they will be created and opened
			before the save operation is performed.

			Once a save operation has been completed, the
			calculator will display a confirmation message
			in the message window and will then exit the
			File processing function.

	      Save As - The "File Save As" option allows you to save the
			current session's Text and Settings files to a
			new (or existing) set of session file names.

			When this option is selected, a "File | Save As"
			menu will be presented and a text entry window
			with a blinking cursor will appear.  To open a
			new (or existing) set of session files, enter
			the full name (including the file extension) of
			the desired Text file, i.e. MYFILE.TXT.  When
			finished, just press the [Enter] key to specify
			a selection.

			When typing you may use the [Esc] key to erase
			the current entry.  You may also abort an entry
			by taking one of the following actions:

			    o  Click the [MAIN] button on the menu or
			       press [F3] to return to the main menu.

			    o  Click the [EXIT] button on the menu or
			       press [F4] to exit the File processor.

			When you specify a Text file name, you will be
			presented with a message (in the message window)
			giving you the opportunity to save the current
			session (Yes), to not save the session (No), or
			to abort [Esc] the process.  If you then choose
			to abort, the calculator will immediately exit
			the File processing function without effecting
			any changes.

			If an existing Text file was named, you will be
			presented with a message (in the message window)
			giving you the option to replace the existing
			Text and Settings files (Yes), to not replace
			the existing files (No), or to abort [Esc] the
			process.  If you choose to abort at this point,
			the calculator will then exit the File processor
			without effecting any changes.

			Should you choose to replace the existing set
			of files, then those files will be overwritten
			with the contents of the current session's Text
			and Settings files.  Should you choose not to
			replace the existing files, the blinking cursor
			will reappear in the text entry window at the

					-43-


			end of your previous entry.  You may then make
			another selection or abort the entry process as
			described above.

			If you specify a new Text file name, then the
			new Text file, and its companion Settings file
			will be created, opened, and used for the save
			operation.

			At completion of the "File Save As" operation,
			the newly specified Text and Settings files
			will be assigned to the current session, the
			calculator will display a confirmation message
			to this effect in the message window, and the
			File processing function will be terminated.

		 Exit - The "File Exit" option simply terminates the
			File processing function.

		 Quit - The "File Quit" option provides the means by
			which to terminate the calculator program.

			When this option is selected, you will first be
			presented with a message (in the message window)
			giving you the opportunity to save the current
			session (Yes), to not save the session (No), or
			to abort [Esc] the process.  Should you choose
			to abort, the calculator will immediately exit
			the File processing function without terminating
			the program or effecting any changes.

			If you choose not to abort then the current Text
			and Settings files will be saved (or not saved)
			as per choice, and the calculator program will
			terminate.
			_________________________________________________
	   Chain Menu
			The Chain Menu may be accessed by clicking the
			"Chain" label on the Main Banner, or by typing
			[Alt]-[C] on the keyboard.  When the Chain Menu
			appears you may select any one of the options
			presented by clicking the option's label or by
			striking the indicated (highlighted) keyboard
			key.

		 Link - The "Chain Link" option allows you to create
			register equation chains by linking one or
			more child registers to a specified parent
			register.  For more information on how chains
			may be constructed, see Chapter 2: "Creating
			Register Equation Chains".

			When this option is selected, the "Chain | Link"
			menu will be presented and a blinking cursor
			will appear in the "Parent Register" text entry
			window.

					-44-


			To specify a parent register, simply type the
			register's ID number, i.e. 1 for R1, 2 for R2,
			and so on.  When satisfied, press the [Enter]
			key to register your selection.  Once you make
			a selection, any registers previously linked
			to the specified parent will be displayed in
			the "Child Registers" entry window followed by
			a blinking cursor.

			At this point you may add to, delete from, or
			otherwise change the list of child registers
			assigned to the specified parent register. Two
			things to remember when creating your list of
			child registers are:  (1) The list is limited
			to eight child registers and, (2) each entry
			must be separated by at least one "space".

			When entering (or editing) register selections,
			in either of the two text entry windows, the
			usual line edit control keys are available for
			your use plus the mouse button or keyboard key
			actions described in the following:

			    o  [Esc] -- Will cause the two text entry
			       windows to be cleared without effecting
			       any changes, and the text cursor to be
			       redisplayed in the "Parent Register"
			       entry window.

			    o  [RESET] or [F2] --  If taken while the
			       "Child Registers" text entry window is
			       active, this action will cause any and
			       all child registers currently linked to
			       the specified parent to be "un-linked".
			       The two text entry windows will then be
			       cleared, and the text cursor will be
			       redisplayed in the "Parent Register"
			       entry window.

			    o  [MAIN] or [F3] -- Will return you to the
			       main (Chain) menu without effecting any
			       changes that have not already been made.

			    o  [EXIT] or [F4] -- Will exit the Chain
			       processing function without effecting
			       any changes that have not already been
			       made.

			When you have finished entering (editing) your
			child register selections, press the [Enter]
			key to indicate completion of the link process.

			At this point (barring any errors) the desired
			Parent/Child links will be established, the two
			text entry windows will be erased, and the text
			cursor will re-appear in the "Parent Register"

					-45-


			entry window.  You may then continue to create
			additional parent/child relationships or you
			may exercise one of the above described button
			(or keyboard) actions to terminate the process.

	      Display - The "Chain Display" option allows you to view
			all currently established parent/child register
			relationships.

			If you select this option the "Chain | Display"
			menu will appear.  The display consists of two
			pages listing each register vertically down the
			left hand side of the page, with each of their
			respective child registers listed horizontally
			(in order of assignment) from left to right.
			The first page lists registers R1--R8 and the
			second page lists registers R9--R16.

			The "Chain | Display" menu also provides the
			following button (keystroke) action options:

			    o  [NEXT] or [F1] -- Will toggle between
			       the two display pages.

			    o  [RESET] or [F2] -- Will clear all links.
			       If selected, you will be presented with
			       a message in the message window giving
			       you the opportunity to reconsider.

			    o  [MAIN] or [F3] -- Will return you to the
			       main (Chain) menu.

			    o  [EXIT] or [F4] -- Will exit the Chain
			       processing function.

		 Exit - The "Chain Exit" option simply terminates the
			Chain processing function.
			_________________________________________________
	 Options Menu
			The Options Menu may be accessed by clicking the
			"Option" label on the Main Banner, or by typing
			[Alt]-[O].  When the menu appears you may select
			any of the four options available by clicking on
			the option's label or by striking its indicated
			(highlighted) keyboard key.

			These options provide the means by which you may
			customize the "look and feel" of your calculator.

		Mouse - The "Mouse" option provides the means by which
			you may change the default settings that control
			mouse movement, display, and button orientation
			characteristics.  When you select this option,
			the "Options | Mouse" menu will appear and you
			may then exercise any of the available options
			as described in the following:

					-46-


			    o  Switch Cursor -- Causes the mouse cursor
			       image to switch from a "left" pointing
			       arrow to a "right" pointing arrow, and
			       vice versa:

				   [<-->]  Toggles the cursor setting

			    o  Switch Buttons -- Changes the "logical"
			       orientation of the mouse buttons, i.e.
			       Left becomes "right" and Right becomes
			       "left", and vice versa:

				   [<-->]  Toggles the button settings

			    o  Horizontal Tracking Speed -- Changes the
			       mouse sensitivity to horizontal movement:

				   [<---]  Decreases sensitivity
				   [--->]  Increases sensitivity

			    o  Vertical Tracking Speed -- Changes the
			       mouse sensitivity to vertical movement:

				   [<---]  Decreases sensitivity
				   [--->]  Increases sensitivity

			    o  Acceleration Tracking Speed -- Changes
			       the sensitivity speed for accelerating
			       the cursor's movement on the screen in
			       response to "quick" mouse movements:

				   [<---]  Decreases sensitivity
				   [--->]  Increases sensitivity

			In addition to the options described above, the
			"Options | Mouse" menu also provides the button
			(keystroke) action options as described below:

			    o  [RESET] or [F2] -- Resets mouse control
			       parameters to the exact state they were
			       in when you activated this function.

			    o  [MAIN] or [F3] -- Returns you to the
			       main (Options) menu.

			    o  [EXIT] or [F4] -- Exits the Options
			       processing function.

	       Colors - The "Colors" option provides the means by which
			you may change the default color settings that
			make up the calculator display.  When you select
			this option, the "Options | Colors" menu will
			appear and you will be presented with four lists
			of objects whose colors may be changed, and an
			array of colored buttons representing the color
			choices available.

					-47-


			In the center of the menu display, you will see
			the object select window and the announcement:
			"Select an Object".  Beneath this window are
			two color select windows labeled "Object Color"
			and "Text Color".

			To change the color of an object, first select
			the desired object by clicking on the object's
			name or by striking its indicated (highlighted)
			keyboard key.  The current background color of
			the selected object will then appear in the
			object select window and the complete name of
			the object will be displayed using its current
			text color.  At this time, the two color select
			windows will also reflect the object's current
			background and text colors.

			Once an object has been selected, you may make
			color changes by doing one of the following:

			    o  BACKGROUND COLOR:

			       Mouse:  Use your "Left" mouse button
			       and click on the desired color button.

			       Keyboard:  Toggle the Object keyboard
			       key [O] until the desired background
			       color appears.

			    o  TEXT COLOR:

			       Mouse:  Use your "Right" mouse button
			       and click on the desired color button.

			       Keyboard:  Toggle the Text keyboard
			       key [T] until the desired text color
			       appears.

			When you are satisfied with your color choices
			click the [SAVE] button at the bottom of the
			menu, or press the [F1] keyboard key, to see
			the full effect of your selections.

			NOTE:  All color changes thus made will take
			effect immediately.  However, color changes
			made to the Entry Window will not be visible
			until you exit the Options processor.

			In addition to the procedures discussed above,
			the "Options | Colors" menu also provides the
			button (keystroke) action options described in
			the following:

			    o  [RESET] or [F2] -- Resets color control
			       parameters to the exact state they were
			       in when you activated this function.

					-48-


			    o  [MAIN] or [F3] -- Returns you to the
			       main (Options) menu.

			    o  [EXIT] or [F4] -- Exits the Options
			       processing function.

	     Defaults - The "Defaults" option allows you to reset all
			mouse, colors, and register control parameters
			to their default states.  When this option is
			selected, the "Options | Defaults" menu will
			appear and you may then exercise any (or all)
			of the three reset options presented.

			To exercise a reset option, simply click its
			corresponding action button [-->] or strike
			its indicated (highlighted) keyboard key.

			When finished, you may exercise either one of
			the two return options described below:

			    o  [MAIN] or [F3] -- Returns you to the
			       main (Options) menu.

			    o  [EXIT] or [F4] -- Exits the Options
			       processing function.

		 Exit - The "Exit" option will terminate the Options
			processing function.





























					-49-


	APPENDIX A -- RESERVED WORDS
	_________________________________________________________________

			This Appendix provides a list of characters and
			words that may not be assigned as symbolic names
			(labels) to a memory register.
			_________________________________________________
	Register ID
	Button Labels	R1, R2, R3, ... R16
			_________________________________________________
	Function
	Button Labels	Abs, Cos, e, E, Hyp, Int, Inv, Ln, Log,
			Mod, Pi, Ran, Sin, Tan
			_________________________________________________
	Secondary Math
	Functions	Acos, Acosh, Asin, Asinh, Atan, Atanh,
			Cosh, Sinh, Tanh








































					-50-


	APPENDIX B -- ERROR MESSAGES
	_________________________________________________________________

	This Appendix provides a list of error messages generated by the
	calculator, and a brief description of the circumstances which
	can cause the respective error message to occur.
	_________________________________________________________________

		  Calculator Control Processing Error Messages
	_________________________________________________________________

	[ Illegal Parameter in List ]:  Occurs when a calculator control
	parameter is entered that is outside of its allowable range.

	[ Illegal Precision ]:  Occurs when the "Fix" control option is
	exercised and the number of decimal places specified is outside
	the range of 0--14.

	[ Invalid Parameter List ]:  Occurs when the number of control
	parameters entered does not match the number required for the
	selected action.
	_________________________________________________________________

	       Mathematical Parsing and Evaluation Error Messages
	_________________________________________________________________

	[ Domain error ]:  Occurs when an argument (value) supplied to
	a mathematical function is outside the domain (range) of the
	function, such as:  Log(-1).

	[ Equation string limit exceeded ]:  Occurs if the length of an
	equation string (including carriage returns) exceeds 666 entered
	characters.

	[ Factorial overflow ]:  Occurs when a factorial argument is
	greater than 170!.

	[ Float divide by zero ]:  Occurs when an attempt is made to
	divide a value by zero (0.0).

	[ Invalid operation ]:  Occurs when an equation cannot be parsed
	as entered, such as:  R1 + R2 = 3.

	[ Illegal unary operation ]:  Occurs when an attempt is made
	to apply an illegal unary operator, such as:  R1 = *10.

	[ Invalid right delimiter ]:  Occurs when a right delimiter
	(},),]) is encountered that does not have a corresponding left
	delimiter, such as:  R1 = (30) + 3).

	[ Illegal factorial ]:  Occurs when a factorial argument is a
	non-integer value, such as:  1.5!

	[ Left delimiter limit exceeded ]:  Occurs when the number of
	nested left delimiters exceeds 24 before encountering a right
	delimiter, i.e. 24 of these (..(... before one of these ...).

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	[ Numeric overflow ]:  Occurs when the result of a mathematical
	operation would result in a value greater than 1.797693E+308.

	[ Numeric underflow ]:  Occurs when the result of a mathematical
	operation would result in a value less than 2.225074E-308.

	[ Operator expected ]:  Occurs when a mathematical operator has
	been omitted from an expression, such as:  R1 = (3) R2.

	[ Quote mark expected ]:  Occurs when a comment is indicated
	but no comment terminating quote mark (") has been encountered.

	[ Right delimiter expected ]:  Occurs when the number of nested
	right delimiters in an expression is less than the number of
	nested left delimiters, i.e. (((..)).

	[ Singularity error ]:  Occurs when the result from an argument
	(value) supplied to a function is either undefinable or cannot
	be approximated, such as:  Log(0).

	[ Significance loss ]:  Occurs when a mathematical operation
	would result in a total loss of significant digits, such as:
	Sin(10E+70).

	[ Undefined symbol ]:  Occurs when the parser encounters a name
	(symbol) reference in an equation which does not match any of
	those currently assigned to the memory registers.

	[ Value expected ]:  Occurs when an mathematical operator or
	function is encountered in an equation which is not followed by
	a value reference, such as:  R1 = 3 + Sin.


























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