                            Epi Map README
                            --------------

This README file contains important, last minute information about Epi
Map.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
-----------------
1. Boundary Files
2. Strategy for Drawing New Boundary Files
3. Cartograms
4. Boundary and Boundx Utilities 
5. Overlays--Regional Hierarchies
6. Digitizer Settings
7. Rotating Boundary Files
8. Command Line Switches
9. File Groups


1. Boundary Files
-----------------                  
Boundary files supplied with Epi Map are in the public domain, EXCEPT
for those of US States by county, which are licensed only for
distribution with Epi Map.  If you give the US files to others, please
be sure that a copy of Epi Map accompanies the boundaries.

There are inaccuracies in some of the boundary files and they are
intended for graphical displays only.  Maps of many countries are
missing and we ask users of Epi Map to fill in the gaps and provide
better files for the entire community.

It is our intention to distribute maps of the entire world by country,
with boundaries shown down to the next level below country--state,
province, canton, etc.  If you are able to supply maps of a missing
area for public distribution, or have corrected errors in existing
boundary files, please send these to:

                    Dr. Andrew G. Dean
                    Epidemiology Program Office
                    Mailstop C08
                    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                    Atlanta, GA   30333  U.S.A.

They should be accompanied by a letter stating that the boundaries are
not copyrighted and are intended for distribution in the public
domain.

We hope that Epi Map users everywhere will benefit from centralized
collection and distribution of more detailed maps than are now
available.

If you have very detailed maps available, we would still like to refer
interested users to you, but we may not be able to distribute them
with every copy of Epi Map.  Please provide a description of such
files and instructions for obtaining them, but the actual files do not
need to be sent to us.  We will include the details in the README file
for interested users who may wish to obtain them.



2. Strategy for Drawing New Boundary Files
------------------------------------------
Drawing a boundary file is the same whether you use a mouse, the
cursor keys, or a digitizer.  

From the main menu choose BOUNDARY and then CREATE/EDIT BOUNDARY.  You
will be asked for the X and Y coordinates of the lower left and upper
right corners of the screen.  These are useful when working from a
grid with known dimensions or a map with latitude and longitude. 
Usually, it is enough to accept the default values by pressing <Enter>
four times.  (NOTE:  If you already have a boundary file loaded into
Epi Map, you will not be asked for the X and Y coordinates.)

Choose NEW from the REGION menu.  Give the name (e.g., EUROPE) of the
overall geographic region you will create.  Then draw an outline to
represent it on your map, clicking at each corner or vertex.  Press
<F4> or <Esc> to complete the figure and draw the last segment.

To create subdivisions of the main outline, choose EDIT from the same
REGION menu.  As instructed, click to select the outline of the
overall geographic region.  Then press <F5> for DIVIDE REGION (see
choices on lower right part of screen).  Following the prompts, choose
the END and START points for the new subdivision.  You will be asked
for the "New region name," and might, e.g., enter FRANCE.  The "Other
region name" should be left as EUROPE.  Note that the name of the
current region appears at the top right corner of the screen.  Now
complete the outline of FRANCE by clicking on successive points.  At
the last point press <F4> to close the subregion.  Working
systematically from one adjacent region to another, you can subdivide
EUROPE to complete the final map with the same operation.


3. Cartograms
-------------
Epi Map produces a noncontiguous AREA cartogram:  areas are shown near
their original locations, with their outlines enlarged or reduced so
that their areas are proportional to their data values.  Thus, a
region with 400 cases will be shown as having twice the area of a
region with 200 cases, regardless of the original areas involved.

When the Epi Map manual was being written, Epi Map was producing a
noncontiguous DISTANCE cartogram, on which the maps on page 50 were
based.  Following the instructions in the manual will lead to
cartograms which differ somewhat in appearance from those on page 50 
of the January 1993 CDC version of the manual.  The correct cartograms
appear in the USD, Inc. version of the manual and later versions of
the CDC manual.

Area cartograms can result in regions drawn too small to be
useful,particularly if the largest data value occurs in a region with
a small true area.  In this case, it may be useful to increase the
values of MISSING SIZE, MINIMUM SIZE, and/or SCALE. (See page 55.) 
The maximum value for SCALE is 1000%.  (Note:  The manual indicates
that the maximum value for Scale is 150%, which is true for the
distance cartograms which Epi Map no longer produces.)  

SCALE values greater than 100% can result in areas being drawn
overlapping each other.  In this case, the BOUNDARY menu's CREATE/EDIT
BOUNDARY choice can be used to SELECT and MOVE regions as required. 
After achieving a useful arrangement of regions, the BOUNDARY menu's
SAVE CARTOGRAM choice will store the current sizes and arrangement of
regions in a boundary file.

For further information on area cartograms, refer to:  Olson, J.M.
1976.  Noncontiguous Area Cartograms, THE PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER,
28:371-380.


4. Boundary and Boundx Utilities 
--------------------------------
BOUNDARY.EXE and BOUNDX.EXE are two of Epi Map's utility programs. 
Both programs may be used to import\export\project\simplify boundary
files.  If your computer has a 286 (or higher) processor and extended
memory, you may use BOUNDX (which will process larger files than those
processed by BOUNDARY); otherwise, use BOUNDARY (which will process
files up to about 200 KB).


5. Overlays--Regional Hierarchies
---------------------------------
A late development in Epi Map is the provision of OVERLAYS.  A change
in the way Epi Map draws the screen image has allowed two maps
representing different features--for example, county boundaries and
regional boundaries within a state--to coexist.  The file REGIONS.MAP
illustrates this feature.  Run Epi Map and then choose LOAD MAP from
the MAP menu.  Select REGIONS as the map to display.

Note that broad boundaries are shown for (arbitrary) Districts (or
regions) of Georgia, and that each is made of several Counties with 
narrower boundaries.  The width of lines in boundaries is set on the
MAP TYPE screen for COLOR/PATTERN maps (right side, near the middle). 
By choosing first Map 1 and then Map 2 in the MAP MANAGER in the MAP
menu, you can display the names of the files involved in the two maps
making up this image, and then follow the logic for making the
display.

The Regions map must be Map 1, with the overlay of County boundaries
being Map 2.  A few experiments should enable you to use the same
principles to simulate hierarchies of the general type primary
subdivision/secondary subdivision.  Of course, it is also possible to
separate the Districts by a space using BOUNDARY | CREATE/EDIT
BOUNDARY | SELECT | MOVE to move some of the regions; but overlays in
some cases give a better appearance.

An additional benefit of the overlay approach, is that both maps can
have data files, and data values for Districts will be displayed if no
data item exists in the County data file for a particular county.


6. Digitizer Settings
---------------------
A digitizer must have the following parameters in order to interact
properly with Epi Map:

     EMULATION:          summagraphics mm
     SAMPLING RATE:      150
     DATA FORMAT:        binary
     RESOLUTION:         500
     PARITY:             none
     DATA BITS:          8
     COORDINATE MODE:    absolute
     ORIGIN SETTING:     lower left
     OPERATING MODE:     remote
     BAUD RATE:          9600
     
For SUMMASKETCH II digitizers, use the SEND utility from the DOS
command line, or from a batch file, in order to set the parameters:
     
     send /1/m/o/cz8zr

For SUMMASKETCH III digitizers, use the SEND utility from the DOS
command line, or from a batch file, in order to set the parameters:
     
     send /1/m/cDcz8czr

(In both cases, above, case is important.)

For other digitizers, please consult the manual for your digitizer for
methods to set parameters.



7. Rotating Boundary Files
--------------------------
Boundary files can now be rotated, clockwise or counter-clockwise, by
executing (from the DOS prompt) either one of BOUNDARY.EXE or
BOUNDX.EXE.  When at the main menu, choose CHANGE FORMAT OF EPI MAP
BOUNDARY FILES; then follow the instructions on the screen.



8. Command Line Switches
------------------------
/P:  Print using printer number 1, in its default mode.

/Px:  Print using printer number x (x=1,2), in its default mode.

/Pxy:  Print using printer number x (x=1,2), in mode y (y=1-n n=number 
       of modes displayed in OUTPUT or SETUP for this printer).

Note:  /P, /Px, /Pxy apply to ALL files listed on the command line.

/BW:  use "mono colors" (same as MODE BW80).

/CO:  force color mode (same as MODE CO80).

/Q:  slide show mode (press key to continue, auto QUIT).

/LO:  force low resolution.



9. File Groups
--------------
By using the Install program on Disk1, you may install any or all of 
the following groups of files:

Epi Map & Video
(Group 1)

Archive:  FILES01.EXE
  EPIMAP.DRV
  EPIMAP.EXE
  EPIMAP.OVR
  EPIMAP.CFG

Archive:  BGI01.EXE
  ATT.BGI
  CGA.BGI
  EGAVGA.BGI
  HERC.BGI
  IBM8514.BGI
  PC3270.BGI

Utilities, etc.
(Group 2)

Archive : FILES02.EXE
  BNDCVT.EXE
  BOUNDARY.EXE
  BOUNDX.EXE
  RTM.EXE
  DPMI16BI.OVL
  COPYMAP.EXE
 
Printer/Graphic Drivers
(Group 3)

Archive:  BGI03.EXE
  $BMP.BGI
  $CFX.BGI
  $CGM.BGI
  $CLQ.BGI
  $DJ.BGI
  $DJC.BGI
  $DXF.BGI
  $FX.BGI
  $HP7090.BGI
  $HP7470.BGI
  $HP7475.BGI
  $HP7550.BGI
  $HP7585.BGI
  $HP7595.BGI
  $IBMQ.BGI
  $IMG.BGI
  $LJ.BGI
  $LJ3R.BGI
  $LQ.BGI
  $OKI92.BGI
  $PCX.BGI
  $PJ.BGI
  $PP24.BGI
  $PS.BGI
  $TIF.BGI
  $TSH.BGI
  $UTIF.BGI
  $VSHO.BGI
  $WPG.BGI
  GDHEAD.PS
  GDHEAD.DXF
  $LJ.INI
  $LJ3R.INI
  $PS.INI
  $VSHO.INI

Examples, Tutorials
(Group 4)

AFRICA.ASC
CA.BND
COLORS.MAP
DEMO.BND
DEMO.REC
DEMOFIG.MAP
DOUBLE.MAP
EPIMAP.HLP
GEORGIA.BND
GEORGIA.REC
HEPRATES.BAT
HEPRATES.MAP
HEPRATES.PGM
HEPRATES.REC
HOSPITAL.BND
HOSPITAL.MAP
HOSPITAL.REC
POP.REC
PREV.REC
REGIONS.BND
REGIONS.MAP
REGIONS.REC
SUBAFR.BND
SURVDB.REC
UG1.REC
UG2.REC
UG3.REC
UG4.REC
UG5.REC
UG6.REC
UGAND.BND
UGDATA.REC
USA.LL
WEEKS.MAP

USA:  New England States
(Group 5)

USCT.BND
USMA.BND
USME.BND
USNH.BND
USRI.BND
USVT.BND

USA:  Mid Atlantic States
(Group 6)

USPA.BND
USNJ.BND
USNY.BND

USA:  E.N. Central States
(Group 7)

USIL.BND
USIN.BND
USOH.BND
USMI.BND
USWI.BND

USA:  W.N. Central States
(Group 8)

USIA.BND
USKS.BND
USMN.BND
USMO.BND
USND.BND
USNE.BND
USSD.BND

USA:  S. Atlantic States
(Group 9)

USDC.BND
USDE.BND
USFL.BND
USGA.BND
USMD.BND
USNC.BND
USSC.BND
USVA.BND
USWV.BND

USA:  E.S. Central States
(Group 10)

USAL.BND
USKY.BND
USMS.BND
USTN.BND

USA:  Mountain States
(Group 11)

USAZ.BND
USCO.BND
USID.BND
USMT.BND
USNM.BND
USNV.BND
USUT.BND
USWY.BND

USA:  W.S. Central States
(Group 12)

USAR.BND
USLA.BND
USOK.BND
USTX.BND

USA:  Pacific States
(Group 13)

USAK.BND
USCA.BND
USHI.BND
USOR.BND
USWA.BND

World
(Group 14)

AMERICAS.BND
WORLD.BND

South America
(Group 15)

ARGENTIN.BND
BOLIVIA.BND
BRAZIL.BND
CHILE.BND
COLOMBIA.BND
ECUADOR.BND
FALKLAND.BND
FGUIANA.BND
GUYANA.BND
PARAGUAY.BND
PERU.BND
SAMERICA.BND
SURINAME.BND
URUGUAY.BND
VENEZUEL.BND

Africa
(Group 16)

AFRICA.BND
ANGOLA.BND
BOTSWANA.BND
BURKINA.BND
CAR.BND
CAMEROON.BND
CONGO.BND
GUINEA.BND
IVORY.BND
KENYA.BND
LIBERIA.BND
LIBYA.BND
MADAGASC.BND
MALAWI.BND
MALI.BND
MOZAMBIQ.BND
NAMIBIA.BND
NIGERIA.BND
SAFRICA.BND
SLEONE.BND
STP.BND
TANZANIA.BND
UGANDA.BND
ZAIRE.BND
ZIMBABWE.BND

Asia
(Group 17)

ASIA.BND
BANGLA.BND
CAMBODIA.BND
CHINA.BND
INDIA.BND
LAOS.BND
MONGOLIA.BND
NKOREA.BND
VIETNAM.BND

Central America
(Group 18)

HONDURAS.BND

Europe
(Group 19)

ALBANIA.BND
AUSTRIA.BND
BULGARIA.BND
CANARYI.BND
CZECHOSL.BND
EUROPE.BND
FRANCE.BND
GERMANY.BND
HUNGARY.BND
POLAND.BND
ROMANIA.BND
SPAIN.BND
SWEDEN.BND
YUGOSLAV.BND

Mid East
(Group 20)

IRAN.BND
PAKISTAN.BND
SARABIA.BND
TURKEY.BND

North America
(Group 21)

MEXICO.BND
USA.BND

Caribbean
(Group 22)

CUBA.BND
PUERTORI.BND

Australia & Pacific Islands
(Group 23)

AUSTRALI.BND
GUAMAD.BND
GUAMV.BND
INDONESIA.BND
MALAYSIA.BND
PHILIPPI.BND

UKRAINE & CIS
(Group 24)

COMINDST.BND
UKRAINE.BND


LL Files:  R - Y
(Group 25)

ROMANIA.LL
SARABIA.LL
SPAIN.LL
SWEDEN.LL
TURKEY.LL
UKRAINE.LL
YUGOSLAV.LL

LL Files:  A - P
(Group 26)

ALBANIA.LL
AUSTRALI.LL
AUSTRIA.LL
BULGARIA.LL
BURKINA.LL
CAMBODIA.LL
CANARYI.LL
CHINA.LL
COMINDST.LL
CUBA.LL
CZECHOSL.LL
FRANCE.LL
GERMANY.LL
HUNGARY.LL
IRAN.LL
LAOS.LL
LIBYA.LL
MALAYE.LL
MALAYW.LL
MEXICO.LL
MONGOLIA.LL
NKOREA.LL
PAKISTAN.LL

Other files installed but not
part of GROUP*.EXE or BGI*.EXE:

  CONFIG.SYS (only on floppy     
       systems)
  README

Other files not installed
(besides *.BAT, GROUP*.EXE and
BGI*.exe):

  INSTALL.EXE
  GROUPS.DAT
  VIDEO.DAT
  PRINTER.DAT

