Archive-name: ibm-rt-faq/aix-v2/software/part1
Last-modified: Mon Jul  4 19:32:01 CDT 1994
Version: 1.5

Frequently Asked Questions for:  AIX V2.2.1 on IBM RT systems.
                                 System Software topics for AIX/RT.
                                 Part 1 of 3 parts.

The AIX V2 FAQ currently consists of EIGHT parts in 5 topic areas:

     AIX V2 FAQ Index and acknowledgements
     AIX V2 OS Specific hardware issues - in one part (currently).
     AIX V2 Software questions - in three parts. (This FAQ)
     AIX V2 Problem Questions and answers - two parts.
     AIX V2 Porting software notes

See the AIX V2 FAQ index posting for a complete index of the AIX FAQ postings.

This FAQ covers system software usage and questions concerning using
AIX V2 on an IBM RT system.

================================================================================
 
2.0   Software questions.

S.1 - What is AIX?

      The operating system is called AIX, for Advanced Interactive
      Executive, and is based on the UNIX system V operating system. 
      During AIX development, enhancements were added by IBM and by
      INTERACTIVE System Corporation under contract to IBM.  These 
      enhancements were made to improve the AIX Operating System's
      functions and ease-of-use, merge in selected facilities of BSD
      4.2, (and later some BSD 4.3), and to take advantage of the RT PC
      technology.

      The enhancements consist of functions exclusive to IBM and the
      RT PC, along with functions from several versions of UNIX, including
      BSD and Interactive Systems. For example, the AIX Operating System 
      includes a C compiler, Asynchronous Terminal Emulation, and the
      INed full-screen editor.

      AIX for the IBM RT 6150 and 6151 machines has been discontinued by IBM.
      Formal support of AIX V2 by IBM ended on June 1, 1991.  Sales of
      6150 and 6151 machines also ended on that date, replaced by the
      IBM Risc/System 6000 line of workstations.

      Features of the AIX/RT operating system:
 * Editors: vi, ed, INed.
 * Shells: 
   - Enhanced Bourne shell
   - C shell
   - DOS services, a shell allowing users to use IBM PC DOS-like
            commands accessing both AIX and DOS files.
 * Library routines:
   - Expanded curses library.
   - Expanded terminfo library.
   - Routines for DOS services.
   - Shared libraries, allowing run-time linking of user-written
     routines.
 * Kernel:
   - Extended inter-process communication
     (semaphores, messages, shared memory)
   - Enhanced signals.
   - Multiple concurrent group access.
   - Filesystem enhancements such as file syncronization and trunication.
   - Enhanced process management to explot the 40-bit address space.
   - Page fault handling on demand.
   - Fork enhancement.
   - Memory mapped files.
 * International Character Support.
 * Graphics
   - Grapics Development toolkit.
   - Advanced Display Graphics support library.
 * User interface
   - Enhanced installation, device configuration, and system 
     customization.
   - Usability Services, a point-and-select interface to AIX commands.
 * Optimizing C Compiler.
 * Other functional enhancements:
   - Generalized queueing system for job and print queue management.
   - File system extensions for minidisk devices.
   - I/O managment extensions including:
     - Dynamiclly configured device drivers.
     - Support for virtual terminals and SNA sessions.
     - Generic device independent device drivers.
   - Multiple virtual terminal support on the native consoles.
   - Support for logical disks (minidisks)
   - Error log collection and analysis, trace recording and 
     dump facilities.

    Portions of the above were quoted from IBM RT Personal Computer
    General Information book, Second Edition (July 1987) GC23-0783-1.
   
------------------------------
S.2 - What is VRM?

      Unlike many operating systems derived from UNIX, AIX V2 is divided
      into two layers: the kernel, and the Virtual Resource Manager (VRM).
      The kernel is the core of the operating system; it implements the AIX
      file system, user process management, system call interface, and other
      UNIX-like features.  The VRM provides a virtual machine environment for
      the kernel, shielding it from specific hardware characteristics and
      from changes or additions to the hardware.  The VRM also allows more
      than one operating system (and their applications) to execute.  To a
      guest operating system, the VRM is percieved as hardware.  The interface
      between the VRM and the AIX kernel is known as the Virtual Machine
      Interface (VMI).

      VRM is conceptually similar to the control program for the IBM
      Virtual Machine/System Product on machines with an IBM System/370
      architecture, except that while the VM/370 control program emulates
      the System/370 hardware architecture, the VRM emulates a hypothetical
      machine with powerful features that are not usually implemented in
      hardware.  VRM however, lacks major features of an operating system,
      such as a file system and a user interface; these services are provided
      by the AIX kernel.  The VRM processes, device drivers and runtime
      routines extend and control hardware functions for guest operating
      systems. 

       - Portions of the above were quoted from IBM RT Personal Computer
         General Information book, Second Edition (July 1987) GC23-0783-1.

      VRM it seems, was not written in standard C.  Some books seem to 
      indicate that it is written in PL8. Possibly a derivation of PL/1
      or an IBM internal language called PL/S. Portions of the MVS
      operating system are written in PL/S.  I don't have good conformation
      of the exact details of VRM, nor good documentation of some of
      the interfaces, other than in the VRM Device Support and VRM Programming
      reference manuals. 
    
      [Anybody know more details of VRM?  How it came about?  Design? - MW]

------------------------------
S.3 - The RT will not boot from floppy, but does boot from the internal
      hard disks, why? Also VRM unique keyboard sequences.

      As shipped by IBM, the only diskettes that are bootable are:
 - Diagnostic diskette #1
 - VRM Install diskette #1
 - Any VRM backup diskettes made with the 'cvid' command, has
          diskette #1 as a bootable floppy.

      The AIX Install/maintence diskette while it appears bootable is in
      fact not directly bootable.  VRM is the OS that actually owns the
      machine during normal operation when using AIX, and when 'booting' 
      the AIX Install/Maintence diskette, you are still booting VRM from
      the internal hard disks. VRM examines the floppy drive to determine
      if a runable guest system image and boot record is on the diskette
      in the drive.  The AIX Install/maintence diskette has very special
      version of the AIX kernel on it, and THAT is being loaded from the
      floppy.  This special AIX diskette includes a kernel built that
      requires no external hard disks (except that containing VRM), and
      places all of it's filesystems in RAM with a special device driver
      in this kernel on diskette that allows ram simulation of disk
      filesystems.

      Sometimes, either by accident, or overt action, the Non-Volitale
      Random Access Memory (NVRAM) has been altered to not allow the floppy 
      drive to be used as a boot device. 

      The NVRAM, in the RT planar, maintains, along with the time of day 
      clock setting, various system parameters, AND a list of last and 
      currently selected boot devices.  This list may be updated at any
      time by some special key sequences entered ONLY from the native
      keyboard.  The VRM software that controls the RT hardware silently 
      accepts these special keystroke patterns and may update NVRAM or alter
      system operation.  The NVRAM contents and clock are maintained while
      the system is powered off by the battery attached to the operator key
      panel.

      By referencing the chart below, you can reset the available boot device
      list from one of the hard drives back to the floppy drive. These keyboard
      sequences are directly captured as long as VRM running.  You do NOT
      have to be logged in to AIX to change the settings. VRM will silently
      update the NVRAM as specified by the chart below.

 Key-Sequence  Function
        --------------------------------------------------------------------
 Alt-Action  Change active display screen to
       next virtual terminal (if any).
 cntl-Action  Change active display to command
       virtual terminal (if defined).
 Shift-Action  Change active display screen to
       previous virtual terminal (if any).
 Cntl-Alt-a  Select diskette 0 as alternate IPL device.
 Cntl-Alt-b  Select diskette 1 as alternate IPL device.
 Cntl-Alt-c  Select fixed disk 0 as alternate IPL device.
 Cntl-Alt-d  Select fixed disk 1 as alternate IPL device.
 Cntl-Alt-e  Select fixed disk 2 as alternate IPL device.
 Cntl-Alt-Delete  Restart the co-processor.
 Cntl-Alt-Action  Exit the co-processor.
 Cntl-Alt-Home  Restart a virtual machine
 Cntl-Alt-End  Dump first virtual machine data.
 Cntl-Alt-NumPad 4 Activate the VRM debugger.
 Cntl-Alt-NumPad 7 Dump all of memory to diskette.
 Cntl-Alt-NumPad 8 Dump VRM data to diskette.
 Cntl-Alt-NumPad 6 Hard IPL the entire system.
 Cntl-Alt-Pause  Soft IPL the entire system.
 
   ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
   Submitter: James Moody  <moody@austin.ibm.com>
   Date: 13 Mar 90 17:59:30 GMT

   Your machine is experiecing the "can't boot from diskette" bug.

   The first thing to try is this:
   Boot the machine.  Hit the key sequence ctl-alt-a (all 3 keys at once).
   [ BTW.. this is the LEFT alt key - MW ]

   Shutdown and try booting from diskette.

   If that doesn't work, here is the failsafe approach.  Boot the machine. 
   Hit ctl-alt-numpad4 (only works if you have some display connected to the
   RT that is NOT the megapel).
   [ VRM debugger wont work on the megapel -MW ] 

   You are now in the VRM debugger.  At the prompt, do the
   following:

   >al F0008828 F0 [enter]
   >g [enter]

   You should be back in AIX now.  Shutdown and reboot from diskette.

   If that fails (because I said something wrong here or you don't understand
   what I'm talking about), power off the machine and take of the front cover.
   Disconnect the battery back.  Leave disconnected for 5 minutes or so and then
   reconnect.  I think this is messy but it also works.

   [ Note: You will also have to reset the TOD clock. It will now be
     January 1, 1970 and on Eastern Standard time.  I recommend you attempt
     first booting the VRM disk and use the menu items to correct the
     system clock before doing a normal boot of the installed AIX. - MW ]

   ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==
   Submitter: Nick Simicich 
   Date: 13 Mar 90 02:09:19 GMT

   Power off the system, open the covers, and disconnect the battery.
   Let it stay disconnected for about 15 minutes with the power off.
   Reconnect the battery and power up the machine.  It should boot from
   the floppy.  Replacing the motherboard works, too. :-)

   While you're in the system, make sure that the floppy drive is
   connected to the controller, and that all of the connections are good.
   Wiggle them a bit.

   The RT thinks you've told it not to boot from the floppy with a
   keyboard sequence.  Or, the floppy is broken.  If the battery trick
   doesn't work, call your CE.)

   [ See the above note about the clock! - MW ]
   ==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==**==

------------------------------
S.4   What operating systems are available for the RT?

      At the time of this posting, the following operating systems 
      have been available for the RT processor.  Availablility of these
      systems is unknown and unfortunately problematic.

 [ This section needs more work! - MW ]

  AIX V2 -  Advanced Interactive Executive
    Vendor:  International Business Machines
           Systems: IBM PC RT 6150 and 6151
           Announced: Jan 1, 1986 (AIX V1.0)
    Available: Not generally, discontinued on June 1, 1991.
    Last Version: V2.2.1  Update level 1779 (opsys).
    Distribution: Binary format only, on installp disks.
    See section S.5 below.
    Information source: IBM announcement letters 286-004,
   286-011 and 286-259
    Note: Other versions of AIX exist for other platforms:
  AIX V1.3 - IBM PS/2 and compatible 80386 processors.
  AIX/ESA  - IBM 3090 mainframes
  AIX V3.2 - IBM Risc/System 6000 processors.

 AOS    -  Academic Operating System
    Vendor:  IBM
    Available: Not generally.  Originally from IBM, but most academic
                      instutions that have RT systems and Berkley source
                      liscenses were able to get the full source.
    Last Version: AOS43 Dec88 ?
    Distribution: Source
    Information: IBM Announcement letter xxx-xxx,
                        RPQ P83008 Program Number 5799-WZQ
                        and usenet news information.

        BSD 4.3 RENO  
           Vendor:  Academic/IBM
           Available: This version is a combination of the AOS
                      drivers and low level support routines, with the
                      RENO distribution of BSD.  Never made generally
                      available.  Found at academic instutions that have
                      access to both AOS and RENO sources and internal IBM.
           Version: BSD 4.3 RENO  (June 1990 release)
           Distribution: Source
           Information source: Netnews discussions.
 
        BSD 4.4
           Vendor:    Not announced. (We're working on it NOW!)
    Available: Not yet.  The entire operating system and 
          applications are at the 4.4 level except for
        the kernel VM and filesystems.   Work that needs
        to be done before this can be released to the
        general public is: 1) finish the kernel work,
        2) get gcc to compile a running kernel, 3) verify
        the origins of the IBM specific device drivers,
        and 4) wait for BSD 4.4 lite to be released and
        pickup that level of code.
           Version: BSD 4.4 (June 1993 release)
           Distribution: Source

        MACH   - ?
    Vendor: Mt. Xinu ?
    Available: ?
    Version: msd 2.6 ?
    Distribution: ?
    Information source: Gleaned from Netnews posting May 21, 1991
 
        PICK   - (Named after author Dick Pick, of PICK Systems, Inc.)
    Licensee: Seattle OS, Inc., PICK Systems, Inc. Major shareholder.
           Systems: IBM Series/1 and IBM PC RT
           Completed: 1982 and 1987, respectively
           Processor: IBM series/1 and PC RT
    Available: Unknown
    Version: ?
    Distribution: Unknown, Binary system images?
           Information source: Exploring the PICK Operating System
  By Jonathan E. Sisk and Steve VanArsdale
  Hayden Books, Second Edition 1989
  ISBN 0-672-48412-9
    Note: PICK is available for a variety of processor hardware and
                 platforms including, but not limited to:
      IBM PC/XT/AT/RT/Series-1 and IBM 4331/4361/303x/9370 (PICK/370),
      Intel 8086/80286/80385, Motorola MC68000/68020 (several vendors),
             Zilog Z8000 (ADDS Mentor), HP 3000, Microdata, Nixdorf 8890 VM.

------------------------------
S.5   Where can I get a copy of AIX for the RT?

      At this time, IBM no longer directly sells AIX V2. 

      However, some IBM remarketers MAY still have original distribution
      sets still in inventory.  (doubtful!)

      If you aquire an RT system, inquire about the software and books for
      the system.  This is the only way you can currently get a liscensed
      copy of AIX, that I know of.  Most liscensed software that IBM
      distributed for the RT is no longer carried by IBM. 
      Some OEM vendors of software may still stock and sell their products
      that were made for the RT, but there is no list of available software
      that I am aware of.

 [ I'm going to maintain a seperate section for this!
   See section S.21 for OEM software. - MW ]

------------------------------
S.6   Where are the 'man' pages?

      IBM never supplied the 'man' command and the source for the man
      pages directly WITH the AIX distribution.  

      They WERE available as a seperate PRPQ (Program Request Price Quote)
      software product, for purchase for a small fee mostly covering the
      distribution and media.  The set of nroff files on two hi-density
      diskettes, covered most of the base commands, some system files and
      common special files.  Sadly missing were the TCP/IP command set and
      information dealing with quite a few of the TCP and NFS daemons.

      RPQ: P91026  Program number: 5799-DAQ    AIX/RT on line pubs 

------------------------------
S.7   Contents of the AIX V2.2.1 distribution diskettes.

      Shown in this list is the number of disks comprising a full
      distrubution set of AIX V2.2.1.  In parenthesis is the product
      abbreviation directory name, as seen in the /usr/lpp file tree.
      A few example commands and files are listed, plus a comment by
      myself (indicated by '>') on files and programs that seem badly
      placed in the distribution, or missing.

      There are 36 total 1.2Mb format diskettes shipped for AIX 2.2.1.
      # column indicates number of disks in that option group.

 #   Title and contents
 -   -------------------------------
 2   VRM install/utility disks
            * VRM install program, utility programs for formatting disks,
              and other special functions.

 1   Installation/Maintenance
            * AIX Mini-kernel, install facilities, standalone backup 
              programs, minidisk utilities, and more.

 8   Base System Program (opsys)
     * base system files, including:
       - shells: sh, csh, tsh, Rsh. [ tsh = trusted bourne shell ]
       - C compiler, cpp, ld, make, ar, nm.
       - cpio, backup, restore.
       - initial /usr, /etc, /bin, /dev population. 
       - awk, sed.
       - dosdir, dosread, doswrite, dosdel.

 6   Extended Services Program  (osplus)
     * Administrative support (admn)
       - tar, prof, tic, terminfo support, ect.. 
       > badly placed: tar, tic, chroot, proto, prof,
         and the /usr/lib/terminfo/* files. (These should have been
                in the base set, IMHO.)
     * DOS services (doss)
       - special commands to emulate a dos envrionment from the
  unix command line.  With the command 'dos',
   a special version of format, dir, mkdir, ect..
       - dos to unix conversion utilities. convert, filetype, ect..
     * Extended Programming Support (extp)
       - adb, cflow, cxref, dbx, dump, lex, yacc, ect..
       > badly placed: banner, bc, cal, calendar, dc, tput, tail.
     * Source Code Control System (sccs)
       - sccs support functions.
       > missing the 'sccs' command shell.
     * Text processing/typesetting functions. (text)
       - nroff, troff, spell
     * UUCP support (bnuu)
       - uucp, uucico, cu, ct, ect..
     * vi editor (vied)
       - vi, ctags, edit, expreserve, exrecover.
     * Games (game)
       - usual character based simple games, including 'fortune'.
     * Sendmail (send)
       - sendmail binary, mailstats, ect..
       > Based on sendmail V5.??  (pre-1988 version)
     * MH Message Handler (mhmh)
       - MH mail handling system and commands.
       > version ??.?? of MH.

 3   Multi-User Services Program (multiple)
     * Accounting Support (act)
       - commands and scripts for system process accounting.
     * System Activity recording (sar)
       - sar, sag
       > badly placed: timex.     
     * Inter-Workstation Commands (iwc)
       - confer, id, mesg.
     * Terminal Support (trm)
       - commands used with some special ascii graphics displays
  like Tektronix 4014 terminals.
       - tprint, graph, greek, tplot, tc, hp.
       - support libraries libplot.a, libprint.a lib4014.a, ect..
     * Advanced Display Graphics Support (gsl)
              - Graphics routines for progamming the various HFT displays
                on the RT, including the 6153, 6154, 6155 and megapel.
       - Required prereq for installing IBM's X11 product.
     * Graphics Device Drivers (vdi????)
       - device drivers for IBM RT professional Graphics Series LPP
  also useful for Graphics Support Library subroutines.
       - vdi drivers for IBM devices: 3812, 4201, 5152, 5182, 6180,
  7371, 7372, 7375, ega, and vdimeta-file format.
     * Graphics and Statistics commands (graf)
       - commands used with some special ascii graphics displays
  like Tektronix 4014 terminals.
       - The /usr/bin/graf directory including, 
  hardcopy, ceil, pie, plot, qsort, rand, erase, ect..
     * HFT Examples Programs (hft)
       - /usr/lib/samples/hft
       - /usr/lib/vtm fonts for hft displays.

 2   Virtual Resource Manager Device Driver (vtmdd)
     - Seperate components of these diskettes are installable
              by group of related drivers, or by individual driver.
       Listed below by group, with selections in that group:
     * RT 3278/79 Emulation Adapter
  - 3278/79 DFT VRM Device Driver (dft)
  - 3270 AIX Device Driver (3270dd)
     * RT baseband Adapter
  - Baseband VRM Device Driver [Ethernet] (enet)
  - Standard Baseband Data Link Control [DLC] (ethllc)
  - Block I/O AIX Device Driver (biodd)
     * RT Multiprotocol Adapter
  - MPDP VRM Device Driver plus microcode (mpdp)
  - SDLC DLC (sdlcllc)
  - 3270 AIX Device Driver (3270dd)
     * RT SCSI Adapter
  - SCSI VRM Device Driver (scsi)
     * RT Token-Ring Adapter 
  - Token-Ring VRM Device Driver (token)
  - Token-Ring Diagnostics (trd)
  - Token-Ring DLC (trllc)
  - Block I/O AIX Device Driver (biodd)
    Note: Installable only from the individual device driver menu
  - IEEE Baseband DLC: 802.2 DLC with
     802.3 medium access control protocol procedures (eth3llc)

 3   Interface Program for use with TCP/IP (tcpip)
     - includes arp,finger,host,ping,rexec,rlogin,telnet,tftp,rwho,
       whois,setclock,lprbe,talk,netstat,route,rcp,hostid,slattach.
     - daemons: inetd,gated,routed,ftpd,tftpd,rwhod,fingerd,lpd,named.
     > badly placed: hostname,portmap,rpcinfo,x25load.

 1   INED program (INed)
     - "e" editor command, and associated control files.

 1   Asyncronous Terminal Emulation Program (ate)
     - ate, xmodem.

 1   Base PC Network Services Program (lanserv)
     - IBM PC original PC Network BROADBAND adapter network support.
     (NOT required to be installed for Ethernet adapter use)

 2   Usability Services Program (panels)
     - the /usr/lib/screen directory tree of panels.
     > badly placed:
              shmsystem - the shared memory segment manager!
       actmngr - hft activity manager - invokes a bourne shell.

 3   Systems Network Architecture Services (snaserv)
     - SNA protocol support, LU services VRM driver.
     - multi-protocol adapter SNA support.

 1   DOS Server program (pci)
     - support of the ADDU liscensed program product,
              extending disk and terminal support to PC users.
     > badly placed: aix2dos, dos2aix  
  NL to CR-NL and CR-NL to NL text conversion utilities!

 2   Update
     - Initial update fixes to distributed AIX 2.2.1.
     - MUST be installed after ALL optional AIX sections have
       been installed and BEFORE *ANY* other updates.

------------------------------
S.8 - Maintence? What updates are available for AIX?

      IBM offical support of AIX V2.2.1 ended on June 1, 1991.

      They however always have had service available on a fee and time basis.
      Some academic instutions still have IBM service contracts in effect, 
      and some support may be available via the SE in charge of the account.

      After maintaining the AIX/RT systems for many years for the place where
      I work, and doing a little cross referencing and homework I have 
      managaged to put together a comprehensive list of the maintance diskette
      history of AIX/RT for the V2.2.1 versions of AIX.  

      Some parts of AIX history is unclear, especially in its first few
      updates that were issued.  Support by IBMs level1 support center
      was VERY spotty at first, especially as IBM was firming up its support
      policies for AIX.

      Update disks were issued in two major catagories.  The 17## series
      disks were generated by the support structure of IBM and were only
      sent out to customers calling in with specific problem areas needing
      immediate problem relief.  The 17## updates were supposed to be 
      not completely regression tested aginst all products.  The 27## 
      updates were supposed to be completely tested.  Later in the AIX/RT
      product lifetime, the 17## disk became the ONLY update disks issued.

      Updates, even when offical were never automatically shipped to 
      customers.  Only if they called with a problem were any updates
      sent out.  The earliler version of AIX V2 (2.1.x) used 15## and 16##
      numbered series update disks.

      Unfortunately, different product development groups within IBM did
      not coordinate the update numbers with each other, so some products
      have the SAME update number, but cover ONLY its product area.
      Other products use their own unique numbering scheme.
      
      All update disks supposedly are supposed to include ALL prior earlier
      maintence, completely superceeding all prior maintence.  This policy
      however was later changed towards the end of the AIX support cycle.
      Disks labeled "-- NEW BASELINE --" were the final disk sets with
      complete prior updates on them, subsequent update disks start over on
      update building and require the baseline set be installed first.

      Each disk set is one PTF (Program Temporary Fix) and include one
      or more APAR (?) fixes.  PTFs for AIX are always numbered U###### and
      AIX APARs are numbered IX######.  

      [ Some fields are incomplete.  Anybody with one of the updates
        listed that have some fields with question marks, I need more 
        information and/or corrections would be welcomed. - MW ]

WARNING:  Personal experience with another RT user trying to update his
  system from the INITIAL distribution disks, shows that the update process
  is BROKEN.. UNLESS the initial two disk update that is supplied with the
  system is installed first, BEFORE any other attempted maintence.  
  That update disk pair shows up in the opsys maintence history as 1721. 
  Do not confuse this with the X-windows or TCP/IP updates also labeled 1721.

Notes for the following chart:
 PE PTF in Error - one or more fixes on this disk have some
  problem, not necessarly critical, but with hi-impact on
  system operation and potentially could be critical.
 EFIX Disk was only sent to a customer if a problem being worked
  on with the support center was fixed a an intermediate level
  and needed immediate solution.  The fix set normally was not
  considered a full PTF package, nor completely tested.
 APAR    ?
 sup Superceedes the ptf's specified.
 pre Prerequesite PTF's listed need to be installed first.
 coreq PTF's listed must be installed at the same time.

 MPP Multi-Program Product - mostly the OPSYS, plus fixes to
  selected base and elective install parts.
 VRM Fixes for the Virtual Resource Manager, usually installed
  by IPL from diskette, and replace the entire VRM.
 TCPIP Diskettes are for the TCP/IP part of AIX.
 DOSV DOS services part of base AIX.
 SNA SNA services part of base AIX.

 Xwin Diskettes are for the AIX Windows optional product.
 NFS11 Diskettes are fixes for the NFS 1.1 optional product.
 NFS12 Diskettes are fixes for the NFS 1.2 optional product.
 DS Diskettes are fixes for Distributed Services optional product.
 WHIP11 Workstation Host Interface Program V1.1 optional product.
 VSP VS Pascal optional product.
 VSF VS Fortran optional product.
 VSC VS Cobol optional product.
 PHGS Personal GraPHIGS optional product.
 COPRC   RT PC-AT Coprocessor Services.

  Within each product area the list is ordered in the sequence of release
  by IBM for that portion of the operating system.

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
1706 ? Inst ?  ? UNKNOWN WHAT THIS IS

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
OPSYS/MPP  Component 560106103

1721 N/A MPP ??/??/88 2 Shipped with the AIX 
      distribution set.. *MUST*
      be installed.

2701 N/A MPP 12/16/88 3 PartNum 002701[1-3]

1725 N/A MPP 02/09/89 2 EFIX

1733 N/A MPP 03/30/89 5 EFIX

2702 U400722 MPP 03/30/89 ? ?

1734 N/A MPP 04/05/89 5 EFIX

1735 N/A MPP 04/06/89 5 EFIX

1736 N/A MPP 04/26/89 5 EFIX

1739 N/A MPP 05/11/89 3 EFIX

1740 N/A MPP 05/11/89 7 EFIX

2703 U400727  06/22/89 10 sup(2701, U400722)
2703-D U400762 MPP 08/08/89  doc only for(U400722,U400727)

1742 ? MPP 06/15/89? ? EFIX  BAD  csh problems

1743 ? MPP 06/??/89? ? EFIX

1745 ? MPP 06/??/89?   ? EFIX BAD tty devices problems

2704 U400751 MPP 08/02/89 12 sup(U400722,U400727,U400762)
 U400755     doc only for(U400751)

1749 ? MPP 08/??/89 ? EFIX  BAD breaks tty xon/xoff

1750 ? MPP 08/??/89 ? EFIX 

1751 U400770  08/30/89 ? BUILT BAD..
      DO NOT APPLY BREAKS NFS

1757 U400857 MPP 12/01/89 9 coreq(U400849,U400843)

1758
2705 U400876 MPP 12/21/89 ? sup(U400751,U400727,U400722)
      pre(U400828,U400849,U400843)
      New INSTALL/MAINT diskette
 U400893     doc only dup(U400876)


2706 U400991 MPP 03/28/90 15 sup(U400876,U400751,U400727)
      pre(U400980,U400889)
    (included new Inst/Maint diskette)

1763 U?????? MPP ??/??/?? ? EFIX PE 

1764 U?????? MPP ?  ? EFIX PE

1765 U401041 MPP 05/04/90 ? EFIX PE 

1766 U401075 MPP 06/06/90 10 EFIX PE coreq(U401043,U401039)

1769 ? MPP ?  ? EFIX

1770 ? MPP ?  ? EFIX BAD DO NOT APPLY!

1772 U401227 MPP 11/05/90 12 sup(U401139,U401041,U400991,
          U400876,U400751 U400727)
      pre(U401046,U401168,U401169,
          U401123)
      PE(IX08395,IX08240)

1773 U401293 MPP 01/21/91 12 BAD-BAD-BAD-BAD 
                                                DO NOT INSTALL!
      fix set was created incorrectly
      breaks NFS among other things.

1773 U401374 MPP 05/16/91 12 -- NEW BASELINE --
      sup(U400722,U400727,U400751,
          U401041,U401075 U401227,
          U401293)

1774 U401356 MPP 05/16/91 3 label says volid=1772

1777 ? MPP ?  ? EFIX

1779 U401382 MPP 05/31/91 4 sup(U401356)

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
X-Windows 2.1

1714 N/A Xwin 04/17/89 2

1721 N/A Xwin 

1723 U400749 Xwin 07/28/89 3 coreq(U400751)
 (This update and ALL later X11 updates takes AIXwindows to X11R3 for AIX/RT)

1726 U400769 Xwin 09/18/90 3 coreq(U400751)
 U400844   

1732 U400843 Xwin 12/01/89 3 coreq(U400751)
 U401187

1733 U400889 Xwin 01/02/90 3 coreq(U400876)

1736 U400947 Xwin 03/21/90 3 PE coreq(U400876)
 
1737 U401123 Xwin 07/18/90 4 PE coreq(U400991) BAD-BAD

1738 U401307 Xwin 02/14/91 4 

1739 U401386 Xwin 06/12/91 ?

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
VRM 2.2   Component 560106203

1702 ? VRM ?  ? EFIX

1705 ? VRM 05/11/89 2 EFIX

1706 ? VRM 08/18/89?  EFIX

1707 ? VRM 08/18/89?  EFIX

2707  U400754 VRM 08/08/89 2 PE coreq(U400751) BAD!
      wont IPL if disk errors

2710 U400828 VRM 11/07/89 2 sup(U00754) 
      coreq(U400876)
      same as 1707 disks

1710 ? VRM ?  2 EFIX coreq(MPP1757)

1711 ? VRM 10/20/89 2 EFIX

1712 U401046 VRM 05/15/90 2 sup(U400754,U400828)
      coreq(AIX2.2.1)
1714 U401284 VRM 02/14/91 2 sup(U400828)
        (corrects random floating point machine checks)

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
TCP/IP   Component 560106103

1707 ? TCPIP 02/09/89 1 EFIX

1713 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX
1716 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX
1718 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX PE
1719 N/A TCPIP 06/??/89 ? EFIX PE
1720 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX PE
1721 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX
1722 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX
1724 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX PE (ftp is busted)
1728 ? TCPIP 10/24/89 ? EFIX PE 
1730 ? TCPIP 09/21/89  2 EFIX PE 
1731 ? TCPIP 10/08/89 2 EFIX  
1732
1733 U401072 TCPIP 05/22/90 PE coreq(U401043,U401041)

1734 U401168 TCPIP 08/14/90 2 sup(U401072)
 U401195     dup(401168)

1736 U401278 TCPIP 01/18/91 2 -- NEW BASELINE --
      pre(U401168)

1741 ? TCPIP ?  ? EFIX PE

1742 U401385 TCPIP    pre(U401278)

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
NFS V1.1  Component 560115901

1110 U400764 NFS11 09/01/89 1

1112 U400865 NFS11 12/01/89 1 sup(U400764)
      coreq(U400751)

1113 U400890 NFS11 01/02/90 1 sup(U400865,U400864)
      coreq(U400876)

1115 U400983 NFS11 04/12/90 1 sup(U400890,U400865)

1116 U401043 NFS11 05/07/90 1 sup(U400893,U400890,U400865,
          U400764)
      coreq(U401041)
 U401052     dup(U401043)
 U401104     dup(U401043)
 U401132     dup(U401043)
 U401139     dup(U401043)

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
NFS V1.2  Component 560115901

1201 U401169 NFS12 10/12/90 2 coreq(U401041,U401075)
1202 N/A NFS12 02/14/91 ? ? EFIX
1203 N/A NFS12 06/05/91 ? ? EFIX
1204 U401387 NFS12 05/31/91 2 sup(U401169)

 Note: even though 1204 came out BEFORE 1203, the 1204 fix disk
       indiates that the apars fixed on 1203 are in 1204.

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
DOS server (PCI) Component 560115701

1703 ? DOSV ?  ?

1706 U401044 DOSV 05/07/90 1 sup(U400984,U400842)
      coreq(U400991)
      pre(AIX2.2.1,NEW-DOSSERV)

1709 U401383 DOSV 05/31/91 1 

==============================================================================
SNA Services  Component 5601061??

1708 ? SNA ?  ?
1711 ? SNA ?  ?
1712 ? SNA ?  ?
1713 ? SNA ?  ?
1714 ? SNA ?  ?
1719 U401137 SNA 07/31/90 ? PE pre(U401139)
1720 U401218 SNA ?  3 
1722 U401388 SNA ?  3 Last issued update

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
Dist Serv 1.2.1  Component 560106103

1706 U400763 DS 09/01/89 ? pre(U400727,U400751)

1708 ? DS ?  ? coreq(U400770)

1709 U400849 DS 12/01/89 ? sup(U400763)

1715 ? DS ?  ? 

2701 U400877 DS 12/27/89 ? sup(U400849,U400863)
      pre(U400876)
 U400920     doc only dup(U400877)
 U400952     doc only dup(U400877)
 U401001     doc only dup(U400877)
 U401001     doc only dup(U400877)
 U401036     doc only dup(U400877)
 U401039

Note: Do not confuse this 2701 distributed services disks with the
      2701 updates for the base operating system.

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
Workstation Host Interface Program - V1.1

1204 U400759 WHIP11 09/01/89 1 pre(U400727)

1207 U401110 WHIP11 ?  ?

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
PC Simulator 1.1.1

1210 ? PCSim ?  ?
1213 U400389 PCSim 11/20/87 1 

==============================================================================
Asyncronous Terminal Emulation (ATE)

1707 U401048 ATE 05/07/90 1 pre(U401041)

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
RT PC AT Coprocessor services V1.1

2206    ?       COPRC   ?               ?       ?
2207    ?       COPRC   ?               ?       ?
2209 U400??? COPRC ?/?/87  1 ?

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
Fortran 77  V1.1.1

1214 ?       F77     ?               ?       ?
1239 ? F77     ?               ?       ?
1241 U401216 F77 ?  1
1245 U401390 F77 05/31/91 1 Last issued update

Volid PTF# Prod Date  #disk Prereq/Coreq/Notes
==============================================================================
VS Fortran V1.0

F18 ? VSF ?  ?
F20B ? VSF ?  ?
F26 ? VSF ?  ?
F40 ? VSF 09/08/89 3
0G37 U401231 VSF ?  2
0H12 U401363 VSF 05/16/91 2 Last update issued

==============================================================================
XL Fortran

Note: There IS an XLFortran for the RT, but it was not widely distributed.
      I have been unable to determine if any updates were ever issued
      for the product.  It was issued as a migration aid for customers to
      move to the AIX V3 and RS6000 systems that had been recently announced.

      RPQ P10095  Program Number 5799-???

==============================================================================
VS Pascal

H012 U401384 VSP ?  ? ?

==============================================================================
VS Cobol 1.1.0

1113    U?      VSC ?  ? ?
1119 U401047 VSC ?  ? ?

==============================================================================
Personal graPHIGS  V3.?

Note: The update numbering scheme for graPHIGS was unlike that of ANY
      other RT product.  I have yet to fill in this section and understand
      how they were issued. [Anybody a graPHIGS expert/user? - MW]

? U?

==============================================================================

------------------------------
S.9 - How to install updates to AIX.

      Most of the install of updates MUST be done with no users logged in
      to the machine, and most of the system deamons shutdown.
      Login as root, get any users to logoff, and issue the 'killall' command
      to kill all running processes and daemons.  Issue the 'pdisable -a'
      command to disable any tty ports and psudeo terminals to prohibit
      more logins while the update process is in progress.

      WARNING: With 'cron' disabled, there is no automatic periodic 'sync' 
               of filesystems.  If possible, ensure that you issue a sync
               command beteeen updates and at convient intervals to 
               help with disk and filesystem integrity.

      Updates are installed using the 'updatep' command.  It has several
      arguments, the most common are:

   -a apply any updates on the install media.
   -c    commit any currently installed updates.
   -d specifies the device or file name for updates, 
         usually /dev/fd0 (the default).
   -s Display pending commit update status information
   -A    Display a listing of all installed updates and APAR
  history for all products, or named product section if a
  argument follows the -A flag.

      Personally I like to install the update in one pass "updatep -a",
      test out the system, then later, commit the update "updatep -c".  
      Using this procesure for installing updates has the added bonus, 
      in that if a update fails to install, it will be automaticlly backed
      out, and the system restored to it's original state, rather than
      leaving the system in a possibly broken state with only part of the
      update installed.  

      It *IS* possible for the update to be only paritially installed,
      especially when an out of disk space, or other catastrophic failure
      occurs during the update.  (The worst is a power failure while install
      processing is in progress!)  Make sure you have a good backup of any
      user data or any needed system files PRIOR to starting ANY system update.

      One thing I have done is to save a copy of the current update status
      before starting, and obtain one after the update, and run a diff the
      files.  This way I can get a list of what has changed by the updates.
      This command is like this:
          updatep -A >/someplace/b4.up####    

      When installing updates, the update process first saves a backup copy
      of ALL files to be replaced and selected for install.  For proper 
      update there must be enough space in the /usr filesystem in the
      /usr/lpp directory tree to hold a backup copy of all updated files,
      and changed library routines.  Some updates rebuild the kernel, and you
      must have at least enough free space in the root filesystem to hold at
      least two times the size of a standard '/unix' kernel file.
      Extra copies of the kernel can be found in the root filesystem named:
            /unix.YYDDD.nnn
      With "YY" the last two digits of the year, and "DDD" the julian day of
      the update that created this copy of the old kernel.  These can be safely
      removed after the update that changed the kernel has been comitted.

      As always, the more free space in /usr and in /tmp, the safer the
      install will be.
      
      Using the 'updatep -a' the system will read the diskette#1 disk
      and will prompt you with a series of questions making sure you wish
      to proceed, and also to display the update disk product area
      and copyright information.

      For updates with a single product, the updatep program will now
      proceed to read the update media, and replace or change the necessary
      files.  For MPP or base-OS updates, a menu will be displayed with a
      numbered list of product updates found on the media that are also 
      currently installed on the system.  There will be two columns listed:

   - No special processing needed.
    - Special processing required.

      Some updates, like X11, have several sections.  These will also be
      displayed with a numbered list, and the last number to do all
      updates at once.
      
      Some base-OS product updates require a kernel rebuild.  By avoiding those
      products first, and installing the others in groups, you can shorten
      the amount of time required to update a system.  Updates that change
      the kernel, after being installed, cause the system to automaticlly 
      shutdown and reboot, which means that you have to login again, killall,
      pdisable, and then when ready, comit the update.

      Changes or installation of these products or updates will force a kernel
      rebuild:
          - Block I/O Drivers
          - Ethernet Drivers
          - SCSI drivers
          - 3270 Device support
          - VRM device drivers

      Additional updates are not allowed to be installed until any prior
      update has been comitted.

      If you are useing diskettes as your update source, during the update
      process, follow all prompts very carefully for when to insert a
      different disk.  Due to the structure of the update disks, if more than
      one section on the left side is selected, the update process will ask,
      and re-ask (and RE-ask) for the disks.  The pattern of disks is
      something like this:
      1  1  1,2  1,2,3  1,2,3,4  1,2,3,4,5  1,2,3,4,5,6 .. ect...
      
      Note: Some of the update disks replace the 'restore' and 'backup' 
      commands.  This is true of the 1773 update, and others.  When starting
      the OS base opsys updates on those disks, updatep will read about to
      disk 11 and restore only those 2 files... *THEN* it will actually come
      back and re-ask for disk number 1, and then start the rest of the
      update of the system.  Follow the prompts very carefully and there
      will not be a problem.

      DANGER:  DO NOT use 'installp' with update disks, and vis versa.
      You can seriously damage the system.

------------------------------
S.10 - Can I install updates from other than floppies?

 Yes.  Using the bffcreate command you can make a file of the
        contents of any of the update disks in a sutable format for
        installing directly by specifiying the resulting disk
 file as the install device, instead of /dev/rfd0, the default
 for the updatep command.

 To create the disk file you must have enough /tmp space to
 hold the entire contents of the update disk set TWICE.  If your
 /tmp area is too small, you can point the work area for 
 bffcreate to a different place using the -w flag.

    bffcreate -v -w/otherfs
 
        WARNING: The -w flag MUST have no space following the 'w' or the
        specified work area will be ignored.

 The resulting file will ONLY be placed in the following
 directories:
  - update disks: /usr/lpp.update 
    with a file name of 'updt.yyddd.nnn'
    where yyddd is the Julian day and nnn is a relative number.
    The resulting file may then be renamed to something easy to
    remember, and the updatep utility can be directed to that
    file by:

   updatep -a -d/usr/lpp.update/filename

  - product install disks: /usr/lpp.install 
    with a file name of 'programname.vv.rr'
    where programname is a partial program name and vv and rr
    are numbers of the version and release of the product.
    This file will be in the proper format for use with:
  installp -d/usr/lpp.install/filename
 
 NOTE: If your /usr area is too small to receive the updates you
 can make another filesystem named /usr/lpp.update or /usr/lpp.install
        and overmount it, or create soft links to other directories in 
        a larger filesystem. The bffcreate program has no way of changing
 the output directory file location.
 
------------------------------
S.11 - Brief overview of the AIX/RT install process.

   * First or new installation process
     WARNING: The installation procedure outlined below assumes
     either that you do not have any software currently installed on your
     machine, or that you do not wish to save any of the files on your
     machine. If you wish to save any files or minidisks, refer to the
     reinstallation section.

     You should have in front of you the manual:
       "Installing and Customizing the AIX Operating System."

     Step 1: Planning your minidisks.

        Complete the minidisk worksheet as described in the manual,
        chapter 1.  There are some excelent worksheets that will give you
        the approximate needed sizes of the system filesystems when including
        most of the optional product areas.  These charts also show which
        filesystems that the product installation will be placing modules.

        Selecting the sizes of your minidisks depends on how much of the
        base AIX V2 system you decide to install, the size of the hard drives
        that you are installing to, and how much space you will desire for any
        of your own user areas and additional application software.

        The '/vrm' filesystem will need at least 3800 blocks. I recommend more
        if you are making any alterations of the vrm filesystem.  I personally
        use around 5000 blocks. I, however, have been doing some VRM hacking,
        and this leaves me about 1000 blocks to spare.  In normal use the
        '/vrm' space is static, so any extra will be wasted. 
 
        The size of root (/) will vary a lot.  Make sure that you have
        enough space for at least two copies of the kernel (/unix) for
        update handling.  A working *MINIMUM* would be around 2600 to 3000
        blocks free.  More if you can spare it.  A useful size of root will
        vary from 28000 to 34000 blocks, or more depending on your needs
        and system usage.

        The size of /usr will vary the most, and really depends on how
        much of the optional products you install.  To have X11, TCP/IP
        and NFS will require in the range of 60000 to 150000 blocks.
        Space is used for temporary areas for mail (/usr/spool/mqueue)
        and storage of mail before being read (/usr/mail). Additional space 
        will be needed for printing (/usr/spool/lpd and /usr/spool/qdaemon),
        and system temporary space (/usr/tmp).  UUCP usage will also need
        storage space in /usr/spool/uucp.

        Sizing '/tmp' will depend on the amount of space you will want
        for editing, compiler work space, temporary mail files and work
        areas.  A good working minimum is 5000 to 10000 blocks.
        
        User accounts by default use '/u' for home directories but can be
        placeed in any user filesystem, and thus will vary considerably
        accorting to your needs.  Minimum space is 1000 blocks.

        Note: I have managed to install AIX V2.2.1 on two 40Mb disks, but
        it had no dump space, bare minimum pagespace (equal to system
        real memory), and a bare minimum /u, and only the base OS + TCP/IP
        installed.  Not a very useful system.

     Step 2: Install VRM.

        Boot with the first VRM diskette and follow the instructions
        as described in the manual, chapters 2 and 3.
      
        I have found that this procedure works best:
           - Set the date and time, AND timezone *FIRST*.  This will
             make all the rest of the installed files with the correct
             date, and the NVRAM clock will be proper GMT time according
             to your entered local time.
           - Choose the option 'change current choices and install'.
             This option will allow you to select the sizes of the
             VRM and initial Pagespace area.

     Step 3: Installing the Base System Program.

        Boot with the Install/Maintenance diskette and follow the
        instructions as described in the manual, chapter 4.

        The Base System Program must be installed before installing any
        other operating system component.

        I have found that this procedure works best:
           - Choose the option 'change current choices and install'.
             This option will allow you to select the sizes of all the
             base OS filesystems: /tmp, /usr, /, /u, and the dump space.
             Use the worksheet tables in step1 to help answer the filesystem
             size questions.

           - Use the menus of displayed filesystems to set the sizes
             of all the areas.  Once a size is chosen, re-sizing it
             at this point is easy.  After install, it is hard, so make
             good choices now. :-)

        After completing the disk sizing, the install process will proceed
        reading the eight disk set of base OS, and all filesystems will be
        sized and checked.  You will also be prompted for an initial userid
        to be created.  It will also ask if you want to have that user
        auto-logged in, or to run in complete multi-user mode.

     Step 4: Installing additional operating system programs.

        In addition to the Base System Program, the AIX operating system
        includes programs such as Extended Services, Multi-user Services and
        Usability Services.

        Use the "installp" command to install these additional programs
        and follow the instructions as described in the manual, chapter 5.

        Products you should consider installing:
           - Extended services sections: 
              - Administriative support (for tar and cpio)
              - Extended programming support (compilers, sed and awk)
              - Sendmail 
              - UUCP  - if modem attached to usenet, or others.
           - Multi-user services sections:
              - System activity recording
              - Interworkstation commands (some scripts want the 'id' command)
              - GSL - for sure needed if running IBM X11 product.
           - VRM Device drivers sections:
              - Baseband adapter (if using ethernet)
              - SCSI adapter (if using the IBM RT SCSI adapter)
              - Token-Ring adapter (if using that card)
           - TCP/IP  - if attached to a network.  Required for X11.
  
        When you finished installing the additional programs,
        delete any leftover '/unixYYDDD.###' files using the "del" command.

     Step 5: Updating operating system programs.

        After you installed the optional programs included with AIX, you
        *MUST* apply the changes included on the base product Update Diskettes.

        Use the "updatep -ac" command and follow carefully the instructions
        as described in the manual, chapter 5 page 5-15.

     Step 6: Add any optional Licensed product to the system.
        
        After you have a running, installed system, might I suggest a
        backup of the system?   

        Next, install any other products you need, such as:
          NFS, X11, special compiers, or other programs.

     Step 7: Update system to current maintence level.
        
        After much use and experience with AIX V2, I have found that the
        system is most useful if at least the following updates are
        installed, if not at the last issued update level:
           - 2706  For the base OS and the other base products.
           - 1734  For TCP/IP
           - 1738  For X11 AIXWindows.
           - 1116  For NFS 1.1
           - 1204  For NFS 1.2.  Note: 1773, the sucessor to 2706 is required
                   for installing the NFS 1.2 product.

     Step 7: Installing applications.

        You have now installed the AIX operating system, and your system
        is ready to use. If you have additional programs to install, follow the
        installation procedure as described in the publications provided with
        these products.

   * Re-installation process.
  
      Save any of your tailored system configuration files, and any
      special files you require. The following list is some suggestions:
          /etc/rc.include
          /etc/passwd
          /etc/group
          /etc/security/*
          /etc/hosts
          /etc/filesystems
          /usr/adm/sendmail/*
          /usr/adm/uucp/*
          /u/*

      ATTENTION!!  This list might NOT be complete !!!

     Reinstall the VRM and the AIX Base System Program.

     The AIX installation process destroys the /(root), /usr and /tmp
     minidisks.  If you change any of the characteristics of the /u minidisk,
     it will also be destroyed.

     Reinstall any additional programs from the set that you had on your
     previous system that you desire.

     Enter "mdrc" (minidisk recall command) to restore your user-defined
     minidisks.

     Restore the system files that you had backed up from your previous
     system.  Note: You must NOT directly replace /etc/filesystems from
     your backup.  It is only for reference purposes.  It would need
     to be merged with your newly installed /etc/filesystems if you have
     any NFS mounts in it.

     Shutdown the system and reboot with <ctl>-<alt>-<pause>.

     [ This section may need more work. Any other ideas/changes? - MW]

------------------------------
S.12 - Compiler usage questons?

      The AIX V2 system is at heart, a system V release 2 base, with
      BSD 4.2 and some BSD 4.3 extensions mixed in, it also has some IBM
      extensions and facilities by Interactive Systems, mixed in as well. 
      The standard C compiler is mostly K&R compliant with additional compiler
      flags to support BSD portablity.  There is *SOME* ANSI compliance in the
      include libraries, but it is far from complete.  No ANSI prototyping
      is supported by the standard compiler.

      The compiler shipped with AIX has its own standard setup, with 
      flags to make the include files SYSV compliant, and BSD compliant.

      SYSV way:
 cc  -O -o <foo>  foo.c    <and other flags.>
    or

 cc -DSYSV and/or -DUSG  -O -o <foo> foo.c   <and other flags.>
     Note: The supplied header files for AIX/RT do not test for the
           SYSV or USG define, but a lot of public code does.
                  X11R5 has a -DUSGISH for a merged type system like AIX/RT.
 
      BSD compatibility flags.
 cc -DBSD -DBSD_INCLUDES -DBSD_REMAP_SIGNAL_TO_SIGVEC  \
  -O -o <foo>  foo.c -lbsd

 Note: There is another BSD flag: -DBSD_COMPILE_ONLY
       This flag will cause additional defines and includes
       that may produce a correct compile, but most likely will
       NOT execute correctly, due to possibly incorrect interface
       defines, or use AIX/RT unsupported system functions.

      The following discusses some of the other non-standard and
      special compiler flags.
    
      Programs that have large static arrays and large structures may
      need the '-a' flag.  Using this flag will reserve an extra register
      for addressing, thereby reducing the optimization capabilities of the
      compiler.

      X11 programs, and other large macro heavy and/or lots of functions
      sources, and those with lots of external references may need one or
      more of these flags to increase the internal tables of the compiler:
 -Nn####  - symbol table, default size 1500.
 -Nd####  - dimension table, default size 2000.
 -Np####  - constant pool, default size 600.
 -Nt####  - parse tree, default size 1000.
    
      For programs that are heavy on floating point code may be GREATLY
      assisted by the following compile time flags:
 -f   Generates code that will use either the standard Floating-
      Point accelerator (FPA), or the Advanced FPA. 
             The binaries created with this flag will NOT run without at
             least one of the FPA's installed.  Automatically includes the
             libfm.a math library.
 -f2  Generates inline code to use ONLY the Advanced Floating-Point
      Accelerator and Advanced processor card.
      Automatically includes the libfm.a math library.

      The inline compiler flag -Q may speed up execution time at the 
      expense of increased module size. 
 -Q!  Automatic inlining.
 -Q?  Show reason in output file for no inlining.
 -Q-name,name2   Do not inline 'name'.
 -Q+name,name2   Force inline of 'name'.
 -Q|num  Limit size of function to inline,
    default size is 100 operations. 
 -Q#num  Limits the expansion of an individual call to num
   intermediate operators. Defaults to 100.
 -Q-@file Reads list of forbidden functions from 'file'.
 -Q+@file Reads list of requested functions from 'file'.

  Note: Requesting a function for inlining overrides the
        the size constraints.

      Rounding mode for floating-point constant folding:
 -yd Disables floating-point constant folding.
 -ym Rounds towards negative infinity.
 -yn Rounds to nearest whole number.  This is the default
      action when the -y flags is specified without an argument.
  The specified rouding applies to constant folding in all
  applicable passes of the compiler.
 -yp Rounds towards positive infinity.
 -yz Rounds towards zero.

        -z Use the libm.a version of the following transcendental
  functions, instad of calls to the AIX kernel, or AFPA.
  acos, asin, atan, atan2, cos, exp, log, log10,
  sin, sqrt, tan.

      Programs requiring curses and/or termcap emulation need to
      add the -lcurses flag to their link step.

      Due to the work of several people the GCC compiler has finally
      been ported to AIX/RT.  See section P.2 for porting notes for
      the compiler, and information on using that compiler.

================================================================================
                *** FAQ Continued in software part 2 ***
=============== end of ibm-rt-faq/aix-v2/software/part1 ========================
-- 

Posted around the first of each month to comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt, and
to comp.unix.aix.

This FAQ is dedicated to use of the AIX Version 2 operating system, running
on the IBM RISC processor known as the RT.  The RT is known also as 
an IBM model 6150 or 6151 machine.

For AIX RT  submissions E-mail to:   aix-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us
For AOS RT  submissions E-mail to:   aos-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us
For MACH RT submissions E-mail to:   mach-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us
For general Q&A submissions (hardware and other stuff) E-mail to:
   faq-rt@antimatr.hou.tx.us

Other comments and correctons should be sent to the author:
    Mark Whetzel
    DOMAIN addr: markw@antimatr.hou.tx.us
    BANG address:  ..!uhnix1!lobster!antimatr!markw
    Daytime work number  8AM-5PM M-F CST  VOICE: (713) 963-2544

--
AIX..... NOT just another UNIX. (tm)
Mark Whetzel                          | My own RT system.. My own thoughts..
DOMAIN: markw@antimatr.hou.tx.us      | IBM RT/135 running AIX 2.2.1 
UUCP ..!menudo!lobster!antimatr!markw | comp.sys.ibm.pc.rt FAQ maintainer.
