


NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS
VOLUME 26 #12
ISSN:  1195-2326


Contents

Musical Spirit of Christmas Past

Speaking from...Office of the National Librarian

Canadian Subject Headings: Making Information Retrieval Most
Effective

Equalizing Opportunity for Students with Disabilties: The
Role of the National Library of Canada and Canadian
University Libraries

Sir Ernest MacMillan: Portrait

Obituary

Public Programs

Friends Helping Friends

MARC Format Integration: Update

AMICUS Newsletter

Joint Information and Registration Service Established

At Your Disposal!

Available from the National Library

Season's Greetings

*****

MANAGING EDITOR
Gwynneth Evans

EDITORS
Willadean Leo
Jean-Marie Brire

GRAPHIC
Roseanne Ducharme

National Library News, published ten times a year by the
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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum
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Sciences  Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z39.48-1992.

*****

Musical Spirit of Christmas Past
BY BARBARA NORMAN AND GILLES ST-LAURENT,
MUSIC DIVISION

This Christmas season, the National Library of Canada, in
cooperation with Analekta Records Inc., has released two
compact discs of Christmas music, one devoted to French-
language music and the other to English.  Taken from early
20th-century 78-RPM discs in the National Library's Recorded
Sound Collection, the contents of the CD comprise works
either performed or written by Canadians and/or recorded in
Canada.  Finding and selecting such recordings proved to be
challenging, and that challenge highlighted some intriguing
aspects of Canada's recorded-music history.

The selection process began with a perusal of the finding
aids to the roughly 40 000 78-RPM discs held by the Music
Division to find recordings of the more familiar Christmas
titles.  Then the search was expanded to include song
indexes, song books and other compilations.  A cut-off date
of 1944 allowed us to choose recordings in the public domain
from an era of recorded sound that is unfamiliar to many of
today's listeners.

There are two exceptions to this cut-off date, both on the
French CD:  a gentle song entitled LE SOMMEIL DE L'ENFANT
JSUS, recorded in 1948 by the Quatuor Alouette, and C'EST
NOL, ICI ON FTE SERGE, recorded on October 28, 1947 by
Grard Lajoie on accordion and Franoise Cazeault on piano.
The Quatuor Alouette had been active throughout the previous
two decades, and their style of quartet singing was
immensely popular during the first 50 years of recorded
sound.  C'EST NOL is a lively tune reminiscent of the
French-Canadian tradition of the "veille". It begins with
Lajoie proudly announcing "Ici c'est Nol, mo j'fte Serge"
[Now that it's Christmas, I salute Serge].  We have no clue
who "Serge" might be or what the song refers to:  obviously
the song was a "must-include" item!

The CDs cover four decades of recorded sound.  The earliest
78 used, dating from 1906, is a recording of Gounod's NOL,
MONTEZ  DIEU sung by the celebrated French-Canadian tenor
Joseph Saucier; the latest is the above-mentioned LE SOMMEIL
DE L'ENFANT JSUS released in 1948.  It is interesting to
hear familiar and not-so-familiar music performed in the
styles of earlier eras by the stars of the day.  Included
are classically trained vocalists, vocal quartets, pop
singers, a small choir, and a few oddities such as a 1924
French spoken-word tale of a small child's meeting with
Santa Claus, a 1920 manic "one-step" instrumental version of
the BELLS OF ST. MARY, and a 1918 "descriptive" narrative
with musical accompaniment called CHRISTMAS EVE (KIDDIES
PATROL) that tells of Santa making his rounds.

It is difficult to find high-quality recordings of Canadian
choirs until the early 1940s.  There are a number of
possible reasons for this: the level of technology might
have precluded the regular recording of choral music, or the
commercial market for smaller musical forms, such as anthems
and carols rather than masses or oratorios, might have been
too small.  In general, Canadian public taste seems to have
preferred recordings of the light entertainment repertoire.

A quick tally of the printed scores of the period revealed a
preponderance of English-language music, largely of anthems
and carols for church choir.  The French printed scores,
although considerably fewer in number, had a larger
percentage of vocal solos, mostly religious.  This may
account in part for the greater number of classical
recordings, particularly of solo Christmas songs, from
French Canada.

It is noteworthy that we found about twice as many
recordings of francophone as of anglophone Christmas music.
Many of the English works featured Canadian performers, but
were recorded in the United States.  One article on early
recorded sound production notes: "By and large, those
Canadians who made records did so outside their home
country.  Canada itself was mainly an importer of recordings
although there was a steady market for homegrown products in
French Canada, which had musical traditions of its own."1

Not surprisingly, there are very few recordings in either
English or French from the early 1930s, as all but two
Canadian record companies went bankrupt in the Great
Depression.  Both survivors, the Compo Company and "His
Master's Voice" Victor, were based in Montreal.  During this
time, the popularity of the jukebox exerted a powerful
influence on the recording industry, leading to an emphasis
on dance-band music rather than music for home listening.
For instance, WINTER WONDERLAND was the only song remotely
related to Christmas that was recorded by the highly
prolific Guy Lombardo between 1924 and 1942.2

Christmas music has been composed, performed and cherished
in Canada throughout history, but in subtly changing styles.
These recordings present the Christmas message as performed
by musicians of previous generations -- a glimpse of bygone
Canadian holidays.

So, warm up the cocoa, gather the family in the parlour,
wind up the gramophone and enjoy a blast from the past, with
Season's Greetings from the Music Division of the National
Library!

*****

Speaking From ... Office of the National Librarian
BY MARIANNE SCOTT,
NATIONAL LIBRARIAN

The focus of 1994 has been adaptation to a rapidly changing
world.  During the last year, the National Library has
reaffirmed and redefined its priorities, reorganized
internally to ensure more effective and efficient program
delivery, and, along with other government departments,
conducted a detailed program review to clarify objectives
further in the light of diminishing resources and increasing
expectations.

The National Library's first priority remains the heritage
aspect of its mandate which focusses on the development of
Canadiana collections and the creation of machine-readable
bibliographic records to make those collections widely
accessible.Maintaining and preserving Canadiana collections,
producing and disseminating bibliographic products, and
reference and research support services affording access to
them, are part of the package.  We were delighted when the
amendments to the Legal Deposit provisions of the National
Library Act were passed by Parliament and the exemption for
books priced over $50 was removed.  The amendments will make
a significant difference to our ability to develop a
comprehensive collection of Canadiana.

The reaffirmation of our focus on Canadiana, in combination
with severe budget cuts and the fact that many public
libraries across Canada have developed substantial
multilingual collections, led us to a very difficult
decision.  The time had come for radical changes in the
Library's Multilingual Biblioservice, a service developed
over 20 years through the expertise of a dedicated staff.
Henceforth, MBS will not collect and circulate materials but
will extend its advisory function, acting, in part, as a
"switching station" for identifying multilingual collections
across the country.  Through National and International
Programs, which was formed as part of the Library's
reorganization, the National Library will provide advice to
facilitate the sharing of multilingual resources.  In
preparation for this changed focus, the Library has
published A WORLD OF INFORMATION, a manual primarily
directed to librarians in smaller centres which provides
general information and practical suggestions on managing a
multilingual collection.

Better and more economical service through the integration
of resources was also behind the federal government's
BLUEPRINT FOR RENEWING GOVERNMENT SERVICES USING INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY.   The BLUEPRINT's stated objective is "to
transform government processes to better support program
delivery to the public at much reduced cost".  In replying,
the National Library welcomed this constructive approach to
making the most of information technologies in delivering
government services.  The approach fits in well with our own
strategic plans and re-engineering projects which focus on
using technology, developing technological standards,
networking and sharing resources to maximize service to our
clients.

This year, the meeting of the International Federation of
Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in Cuba was a
reminder that although the National Library of Canada and
libraries across the country must deal with severe budget
cuts at -- it seems -- every turn, we still have many
reasons to be thankful.  As technology changes the face of
libraries, it also increases our ability and obligation to
share resources with and assist in the development of
libraries around the world.

At this year's IFLA meeting, for instance, we were able to
share some of the expertise we have developed in providing
services to patrons with disabilities, including both the
provision of materials in alternate format and encouragement
in their development.  The Adaptive Technology for Libraries
Program, now in its third year, has helped libraries across
the country to purchase adaptive equipment that will make
their collections more accessible.  Through the Large Print
Publishing Program, which distributed funds for the first
time this year, four large-print versions of books by
Canadian authors have already been published.

As the year draws to a close, we have led or participated in
national and international meetings on resource-sharing
strategies and cooperative preservation activities and have
moved forward with the long-awaited core library statistics
project.  The transition from DOBIS to AMICUS is well
underway and, in completing the automation of all Library
functions, we are ready for full participation in work in
the electronic highway at a time of public recognition of
the potential it affords.  As information professionals who
have long made use of the latest technology to retrieve,
organize and provide access to information, librarians are
ideal network navigators.

As I look back over 1994, I recognize that it has been a
difficult and challenging year in many ways.  It has also
been a very rewarding one, with a number of major
achievements in which adversity has been the catalyst for
creative redirection as we head into a brave new
technological world.  As technological advancements and
networks such as the Internet make the world smaller, we
have sharpened our focus, adapted to changing circumstances,
and continued our role of collecting, preserving and making
available the nation's published heritage.

Season's Greetings to you all, and may 1995 be a good year
for everyone.

*****

DID YOU KNOW...

that reprints of the second edition (1978) of the National
Library's publication, CLASS PS8000: A CLASSIFICATION FOR
CANADIAN LITERATURE, is now being published on demand?
Available in separate English and French versions, copies
can be obtained from:

Marketing and Publishing
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N4
Telephone: (613) 995-7969
Fax: (613) 991-9871
TTY: (613) 992-6969
Internet: publications@nlc-bnc.ca

Cat. no. SN3-66-1978-1E
ISBN 0-660-01659-1
Price: $6.95 (Canada), $9.00 (elsewhere)

*****

Canadian Subject Headings: Making Information Retrieval Most
Effective

BY IRIS WINSTON,
STAFF WRITER

Alina Schweitzer, Editor of  the National Library's
publication CANADIAN SUBJECT HEADINGS, was recently awarded
a Canada 125 medal in recognition of almost 25 years of
groundbreaking work in subject analysis.  For Schweitzer,
subject analysis is much more than an important tool to
facilitate information retrieval: it is a key to unlocking a
treasure house of knowledge and, like a key, must be
carefully and precisely formed to be effective.  Here, she
explains some of her objectives.

NLN: Why is it important to organize information?

AS:  Information is only recoverable and usable when it is
organized.  Imagine a workshop where all tools and materials
are piled in one tremendous heap in the middle of the floor.
Can specific items be easily retrieved when they are needed?
Or imagine an enormous encyclopedia containing all recorded
human knowledge, but with no definable order to the articles
and no index.  How would you find anything?  It is just as
difficult to find information when it is unorganized.

NLN: What types of systems have been developed to organize
the information contained in publications?  Are some systems
more effective than others or is effectiveness dependent on
the specific purpose or information sought?

AS:  There have been documented attempts to organize human
knowledge going back at least to Aristotle and the medieval
SUMMAE, but our age has seen both the greatest need to
arrange knowledge so that it may be easily retrieved and the
most systematic effort to achieve such arrangements.  There
are various systems of information organization that differ
in approach and according to the type of information
involved.  For example, access to information contained in
periodical literature is usually organized by means of
indexes and/or abstracts that list the topics of the
articles.

The type of information of most concern at the National
Library is library materials: monographs, periodicals and,
increasingly, non-print media.  Various approaches make
access possible.  One approach is a classification that
regards knowledge as a "tree" where each "limb" is an area
or domain.  Take the limb of science, for instance, which
divides into the branches of mathematics, physics, biology,
and so on.  They, in turn, divide into smaller branches
ranging from the most general to the most specific.  This is
how the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) works.  The
greatest advantage of such a method is that related topics
are kept close together.  The disadvantage is that it
usually employs numbers or other symbols, which may be
unfamiliar to a user.

A second method, which has recently become popular, is
thesaurus.  This works best within a single area,
particularly in sciences and technology, and for users
familiar with the area.

A more important method treats topics within library
materials as discrete entities called "subject headings".
Such headings are arranged alphabetically, but with
references to put topics in context.  Such a syndetic
structure is necessary to move, for instance, from "Mammals"
to "Cats" to "Long-haired Cat" to "Himalayan Cat".

Subject headings are words or phrases that summarize the
intellectual content (and sometimes the form and other
aspects) of library materials.  They are a coordinated
system in which the level of specificity is intended to be
appropriate to the document under analysis.  Subject
headings use a controlled vocabulary, which is very
important.  A topic can only be described by one term chosen
from among synonyms and near-synonyms which are used as
references to lead the user to the chosen term.  For
example, a library user interested in Canadian history but
unfamiliar with the controlled vocabulary of subject
retrieval might look under Canadian history; History of
Canada; Canada, History of; or History, Canadian.  Each
would have a reference to Canada--History, the term actually
used as a heading.

NLN: Why are there CANADIAN subject headings?  Why is the
national/cultural distinction necessary?

AS:  The most common system of subject headings, used all
over North America and, increasingly, in other parts of the
world, either in English or translation, is the Library of
Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).  Developed by the de facto
national library of the United States of America, they
emphasize topics reflecting the nature, structure and
preoccupations of the U.S.  Therefore, the National Library
of Canada developed Canadian Subject Headings (CSH) as a
list to be used in conjunction with LCSH.  Our needs for
information-retrieval terms for Canadian topics are based on
the unique nature and development of our own society, which
is based on two founding peoples, three aboriginal groups,
two official languages, and many ethnic groups contributing
to the Canadian multicultural mosaic.  These aspects of
Canadian culture cannot be adequately expressed within the
constraints of LCSH.  Without CSH, we would have to use
terms such as "state governments" to refer to provincial
governments or "foreign speakers" to refer to Canadians
learning English or French as a second language.  The
purpose of CSH is to remedy these and similar situations by
reflecting Canadian culture and experience by supplying
terms such as "Italian Canadians", "Federal-provincial
conferences", "Huron Indians", or "Cross-border shopping",
none of which exist in LCSH.

NLN: How were Canadian Subject Headings developed?

AS:  CSH was developed by the National Library of Canada
following the recommendations of the Canadian Task Group of
Cataloguing Standards in 1972, which expressed the need for
"a separate Canadian list for topics not adequately covered
by LCSH when the latter either does not specify a Canadian
topic or uses a term...which conflicts with a Canadian
viewpoint, terminology or government organization".

The first edition of the publication CANADIAN SUBJECT
HEADINGS appeared in 1978.  Benefitting from experience
gained through its application, I edited a completely
reworked and expanded second edition, published in 1985.
The updated and expanded third edition, which I also edited,
was published in 1992.  It has 550 pages and contains
approximately 6 000 headings supported by many times that
number of references.  Like the second edition, it is kept
up to date with a semi-annual cumulating supplement.

NLN: How are Canadian Subject Headings used?

AS:  CSH are used, first and foremost, in CANADIANA, the
Canadian national bibliography.  CANADIANA data are
available online through DOBIS and its successor AMICUS to
about 700 subscribing institutions.  Other Canadian
libraries of all types, sizes and locations take from CSH
whichever terms they need to arrange the Canadian part of
their collections.

There is growing interest in CSH outside Canada among
institutions that collect Canadian materials or those
planning supplementary lists that express their own
divergent cultural content.  (The most recent case of
interest in using the CSH example came from Algeria.)  A
Library of Congress manual for subject analysis specialists
also mentions CSH as a basic source when considering new
headings.

NLN: What new challenges to information retrieval are being
presented by the electronic information highway?  How will
the content, form and emphasis of Canadian subject headings
be affected?  Will the globalization of networks change the
need for information organization systems?

AS:  The information explosion has made the systematic
organization of information all the more necessary.  With
technology now making the worldwide exchange of information
possible, the need to standardize and harmonize retrieval
systems such as subject headings is imperative.  If our
system differed too much from LCSH, Canada would be left out
of the world information network.  CSH has, in fact, always
been LCSH-compatible, and the National Library is now
entering a formal program of cooperation with the Library of
Congress in the area of subject-retrieval terms.

Of course, there will always be headings that describe
topics that are unique to Canada and very important in the
Canadian socio/cultural context, headings that would
conflict with LCSH terms and will always remain as CSH
headings.  But there is plenty of room for synchronization
in the interests of all in this age of global networks and
shrinking resources.

NLN: What are your recommendations for maximizing
information retrieval potential?

AS:   Just as you cannot take advantage of your VCR if you
do not know how to operate it, you cannot retrieve
information successfully if you do not know how the system
works.  The universe of human knowledge is infinitely
complex and interrelated, and it is growing and changing all
the time.  The user generally needs some advice from a
specialist who is familiar with the system to obtain
appropriate information.  CSH has always put great stress on
user guidance.  Its introduction forms a sort of primer of
subject headings with an index of main points and a short
glossary of technical terms.  The list contains numerous
scope notes (explanations of what a heading covers).  I
place great emphasis on scope notes:  in LCSH, there is an
average of one scope note for every three pages, while in
CSH, there is an average of three scope notes to a page.

Scope notes have been almost an obsession of mine ever since
I was a cataloguer and a reference librarian before I
started editing CSH.  That was when I learned the
frustrations of the general user who was not an expert in
subject retrieval.  In this age of global communications,
our clientele will become bigger and more heterogeneous.
This, together with the growth in available data, justifies
the CSH emphasis on being user-friendly -- a feature which
evokes a particularly favourable response from our users.

NLN: If you had one wish for efficient and effective
retrieval of information, what would it be?

AS:  I would like to see all users informed and taking the
time and trouble to acquaint themselves with the system they
are using to maximize their retrieval rate.

NLN: A summary of many years of dedicated work to provide
information seekers with the best tool possible to maximize
information-retrieval potential.

*****

CANADIAN SUBJECT HEADINGS, THIRD EDITION and a regular
series of semiannual cumulating supplements to CANADIAN
SUBJECT HEADINGS, published in November and May each year,
are available from the Canada Communication Group -
Publishing, Ottawa, Ontario  K1A 0S9.

Cost (CSH) : $22.00 in Canada, $26.40 elsewhere

ISBN 0-660-57311-2. Cat. no. SN2-106/1992

RPERTOIRE DE VEDETTES-MATIRE, which lists French subject
headings, is prepared by Universit Laval in collaboration
with the National Library of Canada and published twice
yearly.  One subscription costs $125.00, two cost $175.00.
Contact:

Louiselle Blanger
Rpertoire de vedettes-matire
Bibliothque
Universit Laval
Qubec (Qubec)
G1K 7P4
Telephone: (418) 656-2131, ext. 6315
Fax: (418) 656-3910

*****

Equalizing Opportunity for Students with Disabilities:  The
Role of the National Library of Canada and Canadian
University Libraries

BY DIANE BAYS,
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS

Adapted from a speech given at the annual conference of the
International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA) in Hawana Cuba on August 24, 1994.  Both
speech and article were written after visits to eight
university and college libraries in five provinces, and
reflect considerations that should be taken into account
when establishing and maintaining services for students with
disabilities.

Enrollment of students with disabilities at Canada's
colleges and universities has risen steadily during the last
decade, and they now comprise approximately eight percent of
the student population.  The provision of library services
to these students is the responsibility of the library of
the university or college.  The National Library of Canada
supports these libraries through two of its primary
responsibilities, fostering library development in Canada,
and coordinating resource sharing.

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which became part of
Canada's constitution in 1982, guarantees equality of access
to public services to all Canadians regardless of physical
or mental disability. Taking into account the Charter's
equality provisions and the increasing enrollment of
students with disabilities, universities and colleges across
Canada are making efforts to remove barriers that
disadvantage students with disabilities.  Offices have been
established to modify programs, services and facilities to
accommodate students with disabilities.  Examples of
services include: captioning televised lectures for hearing-
impaired students; building ramps for mobility-impaired
students; giving additional time for examinations to
students with learning disabilities; and providing textbooks
and course materials in braille for blind students.

Libraries are also involved in efforts to accommodate
students with disabilities at universities and colleges, and
are examining their facilities and services to identify and
remove barriers to access.  Effective programs foster
independence and self-reliance in students while ensuring
that they receive the additional support necessary for
success.

Programs that provide comprehensive access to library
services have been established at several Canadian
universities.  These programs incorporate the following
features:

- Cooperation between libraries and offices for students
with disabilities ensures that accommodation efforts on a
campus are coordinated and expertise is shared.  The offices
for students with disabilities at the University of
Waterloo, in Waterloo, Ontario and Queen's University, in
Waterloo, Ontario have provided funds to hire a librarian to
work with students with disabilities.

- Making a library staff member responsible for developing
services for students with disabilities demonstrates
commitment.  It also provides a personal contact for
students, who may have little previous experience using
libraries.

  Developing an awareness of the needs of students with
  disabilities in all library staff from security guards to
  reference librarians enables them to assist students
  confidently and effectively.

  Consultation with students as individuals or in groups
  ensures that services are meeting their needs.  Some
  libraries have established advisory committees of
  students with disabilities; others rely on ongoing user
  feedback.

- Accessible buildings enable students with mobility or
visual impairments to move around the library independently
and use services in the same locations as other students.

- Identifying and removing barriers to access ensures that
all students have access to all library services.  For
example, students with visual and mobility impairments need
assistance with retrieving and moving books.  Sign-language
interpreters and electronic mail are being used by hearing-
impaired students to communicate with library staff.

Print-handicapped students require additional support in
using libraries.  Two services frequently provided are:

- an adaptive equipment centre, which allows print-
handicapped students to use library materials in the
library.  With adaptive equipment, students can convert
information to alternative formats, consult books and
serials in alternative format, take notes or write essays.
Assistance in using equipment is offered in workshops or
individual sessions so that students are able to work
independently.

- providing information in alternative format, which is
vital for print-handicapped students.  Libraries are
offering access to bibliographic tools such as online
catalogues, periodical indexes, and CD-ROMs.  Both Crane
Library at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
and Ferguson Library at St. Mary's University, Halifax,
record books and articles on audiotapes, which are loaned to
students across the country.

In providing services to students with disabilities,
Canadian libraries have been able to rely on the support of
the National Library of Canada.  Through two of its primary
functions, fostering library development in Canada and
coordinating resource sharing among Canadian libraries, the
National Library supports the delivery of library services
to Canadians with disabilities.

The National Library has advocated the development of
library services to Canadians with disabilities by all
Canadian libraries since the International Year of the
Disabled and the Handicapped (1981). The Library has
developed guidelines, handbooks and directories, financed
training videos, and provided extensive reference and
advisory services.

In 1992, the Library launched the Adaptive Technology for
Libraries Program.  The Program provides up to half the cost
of equipment that converts printed or electronic information
to large print, braille, or audio formats,  thereby making
accessible books, serials, and databases not available in
alternative format.  Applications to the Program are judged
by an external committee, which assesses such factors as the
library's knowledge of the user community (i.e., students
with disabilities), the process used to decide on which
equipment is needed, the improved access to information for
students with disabilities, the plan for publicizing the
availability of the equipment, and the assistance to be
provided to library users.

In the first three years of the Program, 25 university and
college libraries (of a total of 63 successful applications)
received funding.  Some libraries established services for
students with disabilities with the equipment acquired;
others expanded services in additional locations on campus
or augmented existing services.  Closed circuit televisions
and optical character scanners were acquired by 20 libraries
to provide access to printed materials in large print,
audio, and braille.  The Program enabled 17 libraries to
provide access to online catalogues, CD-ROMs and the
Internet in braille, large print or audio.

The National Library also supports library services to
students with disabilities through its role as facilitator
of resource sharing among Canadian libraries.  In response
to requests from librarians in the education sector for a
bibliographic tool for identifying and lending materials in
alternative formats, the National Library created CANUC:H,
the Canadian Union Catalogue of Library Materials for the
Print-Handicapped, in 1985.  CANUC:H lists over 100 000
books and serials in large print, braille, audio and
electronic formats held by more than 30 Canadian libraries
and alternative format producers.  Several of the libraries
reporting holdings to CANUC:H are college and university
libraries.  This union catalogue is part of the National
Library's bibliographic database, which is available online
in 730 Canadian libraries across the country.  Resource
sharing of alternative format titles has enabled libraries
to avoid duplicate production and provide material to
students more quickly.

The National Library is also loading selected CANUC:H
records on BLND, the database of the National Library
Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped at the
Library of Congress.  BLND data will be issued on a CD-ROM,
thus providing access to the holdings of alternative format
producers in the United States, Ireland, and Canada in a
format that can be searched by print-handicapped users.

Canada has adopted a decentralized and cooperative approach
to providing library services to students with disabilities,
a method that involves both university and college libraries
and the National Library of Canada.  In the coming years
universities, colleges and the National Library will
continue to work together to maintain and expand these
services so that Canadians with disabilities have equal
opportunities to obtain a post-secondary education.

*****

DID YOU KNOW...

that the National Library of Canada is collecting core
library statistics from Canadian libraries for 1994 (see
"National Statistics for Canadian Libraries", NATIONAL
LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 25, no. 12, December 1993, p. 12)?  The
survey questionnaire has now been distributed to the various
provincial and territorial ministries responsible for public
libraries, and they will provide responses for the public
libraries under their jurisdiction.  Library associations
and libraries that have indicated their interest in
participating in the program have also received the
questionnaire.

For more information, contact:

Doug Hodges
National and International Programs
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N4
Telephone: (613) 996-7271
Fax: (613) 943-2946

TTY: (613) 992-6969
Internet: Doug.Hodges@nlc-bnc.ca

*****

Sir Ernest MacMillan: Portrait

BY MAUREEN NEVINS AND GILLES ST-LAURENT,
MUSIC DIVISION

Sir Ernest MacMillan, the most influential Canadian
musicians of his time, devoted his life and energies to the
service and advancement of music in our country.  In an
exhibition which opened on October 17 and is on display
until March 12, 1995, the National Library of Canada pays
tribute to the many facets of MacMillan's brilliant career
as conductor, organist, pianist, composer, educator, writer
and administrator (see "Sir Ernest MacMillan:  Portrait of a
Canadian Musician", NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 26, no. 11,
November 1994, pp. 22).

To complement the comprehensive exhibition souvenir
publication, the National Library, in collaboration with
Analekta Recording Inc. of Montreal, has produced a compact
disc.  It is available through the National Library's
Marketing and Publishing office at a cost of $20.00 (taxes
included).

The CD comprises recorded performances by MacMillan as
organist, pianist, composer and conductor.  In making our
choices, the principal objective was to select material that
had not been previously released commercially.  Choosing
from among a large number of recordings proved to be quite a
challenge as the Music Division holds not only the archives
of the late Sir Ernest MacMillan but also those of his son
Keith.  Sir Ernest's archives include 232 audiotape reels
and 52 audio discs, while those of his son include 181
audiotape reels, 139 audiotape cassettes and 2 audio discs,
many of which are performances by his father.  These are
originals, that is, non-commercial recordings.

The preliminary selection was based upon one criterion:  the
significance of the work in relationship to MacMillan's
career.  A lengthy listening session enabled us to eliminate
recordings of poor sound quality, the second criterion.  A
further consideration was time, as the CD's playing time was
not to exceed 75 minutes.  The final selection is
representative of MacMillan's career as performer, composer
and conductor.

The notes prepared for the CD liner comprise a biographical
sketch and information on each of the selected works.  The
notes on the works are reproduced below.

     PRELUDE IN E-FLAT MAJOR (CLAVIERBUNG III, BWV
     552/1) -- J.S. Bach

     The CLAVIERBUNG is the most extensive of Bach's
     keyboard works.  This collection of organ pieces,
     divided into four parts and freely based on
     chorales, includes large-scale works for the
     church organ and small-scale ones for domestic
     instruments.  As is well known, the PRELUDE and
     FUGUE IN E-FLAT MAJOR were separated originally,
     for they constituted the beginning and the end of
     CLAVIERBUNG III.  The fact that Bach published
     the two pieces in this manner would suggest that
     they had no connection.  Nevertheless, Friedrich
     Griepenkerl, who was the first to place the
     PRELUDE and FUGUE together, referred to Johann
     Nikolaus Forkel as his authority for doing so.  As
     the two pieces are so nearly allied in spirit and
     form, it follows that they should be recognized as
     a unit.

     Sir Ernest MacMillan performed excerpts from
     CLAVIERBUNG III during his last public organ
     recital in Toronto given at Grace Church on-the-
     Hill on September 24, 1950.  The concert was
     recorded by his son Keith and included the
     majestic PRELUDE IN E-FLAT MAJOR heard here.  It
     was at this time that MacMillan pondered his
     career as a recital organist.  He felt it critical
     to decide either to devote more time to the
     instrument and resume a career at the organ, or to
     abandon it in favour of the multitude of other
     responsibilities and duties to which he was
     committed.  He chose the latter.

     SONATA NO. 2 IN G MAJOR, op. 13, for violin and
     pianoforte -- Edvard Grieg

       II.  Allegretto tranquillo

     Grieg's repertoire of chamber music was relatively
     small, comprising three violin sonatas, one cello
     sonata and one string quartet.  The first of his
     violin sonatas (op. 8 in F major) was composed in
     1865, the second followed two years later and the
     third (op. 45 in C minor), his last completed
     chamber work, in 1887.  The sonatas are duets for
     two instruments of equal status.  Grieg could not,
     and did not, overshadow the stringed instrument by
     over-indulging the piano.  Nor did he attain a
     convincing musical fusion between the two
     instruments.  His most frequent device in
     attempting to achieve this was to employ
     imitational writing; however, the musical interest
     in the sonatas often lies in one instrument or the
     other, but not in both at the same time.

     In the early 1940s, Sir Ernest MacMillan embarked
     on his most serious chamber music venture as a
     recital pianist, in association with the renowned
     violinist Kathleen Parlow and the cellist Zara
     Nelsova.  The three formed the Canadian Trio which
     frequently appeared in Toronto and southern
     Ontario.  MacMillan also teamed up with Parlow to
     form the Canadian Duo.  A series of six of their
     sonata recitals was broadcast nationally by the
     CBC, including this performance of October 13,
     1941.

     ENGLAND -- Sir Ernest MacMillan

       Overture

     Sir Ernest MacMillan composed his most extensive
     work during World War I, while he was interned at
     Ruhleben.  This setting for soprano and baritone
     SOLI, chorus and orchestra to Algernon Charles
     Swinburne's ode "England" served as MacMillan's
     "exercise" for the degree of Doctor of Music,
     conferred IN ABSENTIA by Oxford University.  The
     work is divided into three parts, preceded by an
     overture.  The Overture itself is worthy of
     independent performance as much of the subsequent
     music is a consistent development of material
     initially presented in the overture.

     Although the work received its Canadian premire
     in 1921, this performance some twenty years later
     (January 21, 1941) by the Toronto Symphony
     Orchestra, the Toronto Conservatory Choir and
     soloists Frances James (soprano) and Harvey Doney
     (baritone), broadcast by the CBC, proved a
     momentous occasion for both historical and
     patriotic reasons.  It was the first performance
     with the composer conducting, and Swinburne's
     inspirational words in praise of England
     harmonized with the sentiments of the audience
     concerning the world crisis and the conflagration
     in Europe.

     SIX BERGERETTES DU BAS-CANADA  -- arr. Sir Ernest
     MacMillan

     This cycle comprises songs collected by the noted
     Canadian anthropologist, ethnologist and
     folklorist Marius Barbeau.  At his request, Sir
     Ernest MacMillan set them in sequence.  Although
     Barbeau suggested their order, there is no
     particular plot or story line.  The songs have
     been used without alteration in the form in which
     they were originally transcribed from various folk
     singers of rural Quebec.  The work, for voices and
     small instrumental emsemble (oboe, viola, cello
     and harp), was written for the second CPR Quebec
     Festival held in 1928.  As the term BERGERETTE
     implies, these songs in the style of 18th-century
     pastoral love songs, laments and stories were
     supposedly sung by shepherds and shepherdesses.

     This recording is that of a performance given on
     July 8, 1961 at the concert hall of the Jeunesses
     musicales of Canada camp at Mount Orford, Quebec.
     The soloists were the soprano Rene Maheu and the
     tenor Jean-Paul Jeannotte.

     THE PLANETS -- Gustav Holst

       1. Mars  2. Venus  3. Mercury  4. Jupiter

     This work has become a standard item in the
     repertoire of the world's symphony orchestras, and
     sounds as fresh and meaningful in the late
     twentieth century as it did when first performed
     in 1918.  Its seven movements (Mars, Venus,
     Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) deal
     with the mysterious qualities associated with the
     chief celestial bodies.  Holst, who was no mere
     dabbler in astrology, gives an accurate and
     detailed musical outline of the human passions and
     experiences which each planet is said to
     influence.  Although the influence of Stravinsky
     is obvious, most of THE PLANETS is written in
     Holst's own language.  This was the first large-
     scale work in which he succeeded in expressing
     himself fully.

     THE PLANETS became the most often repeated piece
     during Sir Ernest MacMillan's tenure as conductor
     of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and was one of
     the Orchestra's first recorded works.  This
     recording of the initial four movements, featuring
     MacMillan conducting the Toronto Symphony
     Orchestra, was originally released by RCA Victor
     in 1942.

In 1993, the CBC rebroadcast the performance of Grieg's
SONATA NO. 2 IN G MAJOR by Kathleen Parlow and MacMillan,
after having digitally processed the recording to remove
noises inherent in older acetate recordings.  It is a copy
of this recording which the National Library used on the
master.  The Overture from ENGLAND (also recorded on
acetate) and Holst's THE PLANETS (pressed on shellac 78s)
were sent to Quintessential Sound, Inc. in New York City for
digital processing.  The master, assembled in-house, was
sent to Analekta for manufacturing.

It is our hope that this CD will exemplify MacMillan's
diverse talents.  To order a copy, contact:

Marketing and Publishing
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N4
Telephone:  (613) 995-7969
Fax:  (613) 991-9871
TTY:  (613)
Internet:  publications@nlc-bnc.ca

*****

Obituary

Dr. Stephen Willis, head of the archival collections of the
National Library of Canada's Music Division for the last 17
years and a member of the Library's staff for almost 20,
lost his battle against cancer on September 11.  He was 47
years old.

In addition to his work at the National Library, his
distinguished career included a period as a teaching fellow
at Columbia University, New York, teaching at the University
of Ottawa and serving on the boards of a number of musical
associations.  He was the archivist for the Canadian
Association of Music Libraries and the Ottawa branch of the
Royal Canadian College of Organists.  A specialist in French
19th-century opera, he was a contributor to numerous
publications, including the NEW GROVE DICTIONARY OF OPERA
and the ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MUSIC IN CANADA.  He was also a
performer: a soloist at Knox Presbyterian Church and a
chorister with Opera Lyra, the Cantata Singers and various
other choirs in and around Ottawa.

Stephen's knowledge and love of music were honoured in a
sung Eucharist celebrating his life at St. Barnabas Anglican
Church, Ottawa, on September 14, 1994.

*****

Cultures Canada '94

BY RANDALL WARE,
PUBLIC PROGRAMS

During the last concert of this summer's Cultures Canada
program, my worst nightmare came true. With the auditorium
full to capacity and Beverley Johnston, the accomplished
solo percussionist, in full flight, a bat emerged from a
ceiling recess and began to circle the auditorium at a
leisurely speed.

Undaunted, Beverley finished her piece, and then asked me to
join her on the stage. I assured the audience that there was
nothing to fear and that a pest control firm had been
called. Everyone -- well, almost everyone -- took it in good
spirits, the bat finally came to rest at the rear of the
auditorium, and Beverley delivered a superb concert that had
the crowd members on their feet at its conclusion. It was a
summer in which most things went right.

This was the third year that the National Library
participated in Cultures Canada along with our partners, the
Canadian Museum of Civilization, the National Capital
Commission, the National Arts Centre, and the National
Gallery of Canada. Cultures Canada has a dual purpose: to
showcase the wealth and diversity of Canadian talent, and to
provide a summer-long performing arts program for the
residents of National Capital Region and the many tourists
who visit.

This year, the participating organizations chose themes for
selected weekends such as "Atlantic Tide" and "Fte Caribe"
and programmed accordingly. The result: crowd-pleasing
events that attracted a lot of local publicity. As well,
each of the five institutions worked along certain artistic
lines; the Library chose to offer jazz and classical music
throughout the summer. The fact that there are few classical
music performances in the area during the summer served us
well, as did our reputation for being Ottawa's best year-
round jazz venue.

Our summer audience was a good mix of tourists, many of them
visiting our building for the first time, and residents who
made a habit of being here each Monday evening. The Friends
of the National Library assisted with refreshments at each
concert and sold the recordings of the musicians at the same
time. The overall feeling was pleasant, relaxed and
friendly. At several of the concerts in early July, most
notably that of the group Quartetto Gelato, we were forced
to turn away hundreds of people at the door.

Our average attendance for the summer program was 98 percent
of capacity, strong testimony to the excellent publicity we
received and to the reputation of the outstanding musicans
who performed for us. Among them: the Mike Murley Quartet,
the Lorraine Desmarais Quartet, the Hertz Trio, Claudio
Jaffe, Harold Faustin, and Joseph Petric and Pauline
Oliveros.

We are already looking forward to next summer's program.
Hope to see you there.

Oh, and the bat got away safely!

*****

DID YOU KNOW...

that Thistledown Press has recently published large-print
versions of three books by Gertrude Story? THE LAST HOUSE ON
MAIN STREET, HOW TO SAW WOOD WITH AN ANGEL and AFTER SIXTY:
GOING HOME are the first English-language books published
through the National Library of Canada's Large Print
Publishing Program, which provides funding to Canadian
publishers to publish large-print versions of works by
Canadian authors.

*****

Friends Helping Friends

The Friends of the National Library of Canada are proving
themselves to be friends indeed.  The three-year-old
organization, which is chaired by Grete Hale and has Georgia
Ellis as Executive Director, supports Library activities in
various ways.

The Friends are perhaps most visible during the summer
months, when they welcome visitors to the Library, run a
gift boutique in the main lobby, and give guided tours
around the building.  This summer, Friends in the boutique
sold merchandise ranging from notecards, T-shirts and bags
to CDs and exhibition catalogues, and gave some 250 tours to
800 visitors from the United States, Japan, Europe and every
part of Canada.  The dedicated Friends on duty this year
were: Lois Burrell, Bea Cauet, Greta and Bud Cumming, George
Devine, Eve Elliott, Shirley Hendry, Helen Jelich, Trudi
LeCaine, Carrol Lunau, Rosemary Lydon, Alex and Helen Mason,
Yolande McCay, Daphne McCree, Anna Rovira, Kathleen Shaw,
Natalie Tomcio, Liana Van der Bellen, Winn Wanczycki and
Edna Wilson.

And that is only part of the story.  During the year,
Friends racked up an impressive 2 100 hours of volunteer
work in the boutique, on tours and in the Friends office.
In addition, their presence at the Cultures Canada concerts
during the summer and the other cultural events held at the
Library during the year, particularly the Governor General
Literary Awards Winners Reading Gala and the first National
Library Lecture, provided much-appreciated support on
particularly busy occasions.

The Friends have also given valuable assistance to the
Library's collections by donating books and raising funds to
help purchase rare items.  The Friends' Acquisition Project
has been involved in such important purchases as John Dee's
GENERAL AND RARE MEMORIALS PERTAYNING TO THE PERFECT ART OF
NAVIGATION (printed in London by John Daye, 1577), A
STATEMENT SUBMITTED BY LIEUTENANT COLONEL DESBARRES FOR
CONSIDERATION (London, 1795?) and such livres d'artistes as
THE FABLE OF THE BEES and CENT PEINTURES RENDANT HOMMAGE 
MARIE CHAPDELAINE.

In just three years, the Friends of the National Library of
Canada have proved themselves invaluable.  "They are a great
support in doing what we cannot do ourselves," says Gwynneth
Evans, the National Library's Director-General of
Communications. "We appreciate and value their work very
much."

"It is so important for us to have the support of our
Friends," notes National Librarian Marianne Scott.  "Their
contribution means even more in these difficult and
challenging times.  Thanks to all our Friends and,
particularly, to the volunteers,"

*****

MARC Format Integration:  Update

The National Library of Canada announced in 1991 that the
Library would implement Format Integration in early 1994
(see "MARC Format Integration -- Early Implementation" by
Young-Hee Queinnec, NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 23, no. 2,
February 1994, p. 7).  However, the North American format
integration implementation group, which consists of
representatives from the Library of Congress, the National
Library of Canada, OCLC, Research Libraries Information
Network (RLIN), ISM (formerly UTLAS), and Western Library
Network (WLN), has subsequently changed its initial plan and
agreed to a two-phase approach.

In the first phase only the variable fields (fields 010-9XX)
will be implemented.  This phase is to be completed by the
end of 1994.  The second phase will deal with the Leader and
the fixed fields (fields 006, 007, and 008), and will be
completed by the end of 1995.

MARC records distributed by the National Library of Canada
after January 1, 1995 may contain the additions and changes
made to the variable fields.  The changes to the Leader and
the fixed fields are expected to appear in records
distributed after January 1, 1996.

The new edition of the CAN/MARC bibliographic format
(CANADIAN MARC COMMUNICATION FORMAT FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA)
published earlier this year includes all the FI changes as
well as those approved up to the end of 1993.  Since the
changes to the Leader and the fixed fields will not be
implemented until January 1, 1996, the Leader and the fixed
fields specifications in the old edition will remain in
force until the end of 1995.

The new edition of the format is available from:

Canada Communication Group - Publishing
Ottawa, Canada  K1A 0S9
Telephone:  (613) 956-4802 or 956-4800

CANADIAN MARC COMMUNICATION FORMAT FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA
(Ottawa:  Canadian MARC Office, National Library of Canada,
1994)
ISBN 0-660-15355-6
Cat. No. SN3-40/2-1993E
$95.00 (Canada); $123.50 (other countries)

Enquiries about the contents of the format should be
directed to:

Young-Hee Queinnec
Chief, Canadian MARC Office
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa   K1A 0N4
Telephone: (819) 994-6936
Fax: (819) 994-6835
TTY:  (613) 992-6969
Internet: yhq@its.nlc-bnc.ca

*****

AMICUS Newsletter

AMICUS Quiz: Questions...and Answers

In the November 1994 issue of NATIONAL LIBRARY NEWS, we
published some of the AMICUS quiz questions that National
Library staff were invited to answer during the spring and
summer.  Following are the answers and the names of the
staff members who answer all questions correctly and
received desk clocks featuring the AMICUS logo as prizes.
Congratulations!

- What does the Latin word "AMICUS" mean in English or
French?

     FRIEND

- Identify 3 differences between the DOBIS system and the
AMICUS system (the name doesn't count!).

     - AMICUS SUPPORTS BOOLEAN SEARCHING

     - AMICUS IMPLEMENTS CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE

     - ILL IS SIMPLER ON AMICUS

     - CONTAINS MORE THAN FOUR TIMES THE NUMBER OF INDICES
       AND LIMITERS IN DOBIS

     - AMICUS HAS INTEGRATED BILLING AND USER PROFILES

- What is ACCESS AMICUS?

     ACCESS AMICUS IS THE NEW SEARCH SERVICE REPLACING THE
     DOBIS SEARCH SERVICE.

- AMICUS uses Boolean operators like "and" to connect search
  terms.  Name another operator.

     "OR", "NOT"

- Name three colours in the AMICUS logo.

     RED, YELLOW & BLUE -- PLUS MOST OF THE REST OF THE
     RAINBOW AND BLACK!

And the winners are...

Bernadette Auger, Joy Bell, Danielle Benoit, Sandra Burrows,
Marie Lanouette, Diane Lanthier, Carrol Lunau, Robert
Mainville, Lucie Mireault, Bill Murphy, Barbara Norman,
Louise Tousignant, Tom Tytor, Henry Watt, and Iris Winston.

Thanks to all participants!

*****

At Your Disposal!  Backfiles of Foreign Serials

In January 1994, the National Library offered to the
Canadian library community 112 foreign serial titles that
were being culled from its collection (see "Deselection of
Foreign Serials:  An Update"  by Francine Bdard, NATIONAL
LIBRARY NEWS, vol. 26, no. 1, January 1994, pp.15-17).  The
National Library is pleased to offer a second group of
foreign serials to the Canadian library community.

Libraries that acquire these backfiles will agree to the
following conditions:

1. To take the whole run and to retain backfiles.

2. To send the titles to the National Library's Canadian
Book Exchange Centre if, at a later date, a decision is made
to dispose of them.

3. To make the material available either on interlibrary
loan or as photocopies.

4. To report holdings and changes in holdings status to the
National Library's Union Catalogue.

5. To maintain a current subscription to titles received.

6. To pay for the delivery of the serials.

If you wish to acquire a copy of the list of deselected
titles or to obtain additional information, please contact:

Pierre Gamache
Acting Chief
Canadian Book Exchange Centre
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N4
Telephone:  (613) 952-8904
Fax:  (613) 954-9891
TTY:  (613) 992-6969
Internet:  Pierre.Gamache@nlc-bnc.ca

*****

Joint Information and Registration Service Established

On September 12, the National Library of Canada and the
National Archives of Canada opened a joint information and
registration service in the lobby of the headquarters
building at 395 Wellington Street.  The purpose is to
improve service to researchers and visitors by providing a
single "entrance" to the two institutions.  The service will
be staffed jointly by the Library and the Archives.

Staff will provide basic information on the respective
collections and services of the two institutions. Staff will
also register researchers and refer them to the appropriate
institution for their research, thus eliminating the need
for two separate orientation desks.

Responsibility for the orientation service will be shared by
the Reference and Information Services Division of the
National Library and Researchers Services of the National
Archives. For further information, please contact Cecilia
Muir (613-992-0655) of the National Library, or David Enns
(613-995-6055) of the National Archives.

*****

AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL LIBRARY...
Gifts for all seasons!

Award-Winning Videos
KEEPERS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT

In a fast-moving 14 minutes, KEEPERS OF THE PAST AND PRESENT
provides a wealth of information about the National Library
of Canada.  This informative and amusing video is an ideal
way for librarians to provide a graphic explanation of the
National Library's role in working with libraries across
Canada to ensure that the nation's heritage is preserved,
known, and enjoyed by present and future generations.
Price:  $19.95 per copy, plus GST

THE NORTH:  LANDSCAPE OF THE IMAGINATION
Exhibition held at the National Library of Canada from
October 28, 1993 to March 27, 1994

The Canadian Arctic has been described in Norse legends,
reproduced in paintings and sketches by early seamen or
explorers, recreated through hundreds of years of Inuit
sculpture, and painted, filmed and photographed by more
contemporary artists.  It has provided a rich setting for
fiction, and has inspired countless legends, poems and
stories.

The National Library of Canada has produced a 16-minute
closed-captioned video that shows you images from the
published material in the exhibition, and, together with
words and music, will give you a sense of the North and of
the exhibition.

Price:  $19.95 per copy, plus GST

Free copies of the exhibition poster are also available.

Poster
Read Up On It

A limited quantity of the popular 1994-1995 Read Up On It
poster, autographed by the artist, Marie-Louise Gay, is
available for purchase from the Friends of the National
Library of Canada.

Full-colour, 16 X 20 inches
Price:  $10.00 per copy (G.S.T. included)

And...

Compact Disc
SIR ERNEST MACMILLAN:  PORTRAIT
(see pp. 8-9 in this issue)
Price:  $20.00 per copy (taxes included)

All cheques/money orders payable to the Receiver General for
Canada except for the purchase of Read Up On It poster.
Cheques/money orders for RUOI poster payable to the Friends
of the National Library.

All items available from:

Marketing and Publishing
National Library of Canada
395 Wellington Street
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0N4

Telephone: (613) 995-7969
Fax: (613) 991-9871
TTY: (613) 992-6969
Internet: publications@nlc-bnc.ca

*****

Season's Greetings

As part of the National Library's celebration of the
International Year of the Family, we are featuring some of
the many books in the Library's collection that focus on
families and the festive season.

*****

End of text
_______________________________
1"Recorded Sound Production",  The Encyclopedia of Music in
Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992), p.
1111.
2Brian Rust, The American Dance Band Discography: 1917 to
1942, vol. 2 (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1975),
pp. 1109-1126.
.

