       Document 0808
 DOCN  M94B0808
 TI    Activities of roxithromycin used alone and in combination with
       ethambutol, rifampin, amikacin, ofloxacin, and clofazimine against
       Mycobacterium avium complex.
 DT    9412
 AU    Rastogi N; Goh KS; Bryskier A; Unite de la Tuberculose et des
       Mycobacteries, Institut Pasteur,; Morne Joliviere, Pointe-a-Pitre,
       Guadeloupe, French West; Indies.
 SO    Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Jun;38(6):1433-8. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/94379808
 AB    Preliminary studies showed that roxithromycin possessed significant in
       vitro activity against a variety of atypical mycobacteria such as the
       Mycobacterium avium complex, M. scrofulaceum, M. szulgai, M. malmoense,
       M. xenopi, M. marinum, and M. kansasii and rare pathogens such as M.
       chelonae and M. fortuitum. In this investigation, radiometric MICs of
       roxithromycin, ethambutol, rifampin, amikacin, ofloxacin, and
       clofazimine for 10 clinical isolates of the M. avium complex (5 each
       from human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-positive and HIV-negative
       patients) were determined. Roxithromycin MICs against all the isolates
       were below the reported maximum concentration of drug in serum at the
       routine pH of 6.8, and the MICs were further lowered by 1 to 2 dilutions
       at a pH of 7.4. In vitro enhancement of roxithromycin activity against
       all strains was further investigated by the previously established
       Bactec 460-TB method by combining the drugs at sub-MIC levels.
       Antibacterial activity of roxithromycin was enhanced in all 10 strains
       by ethambutol, in 3 strains each by rifampin and clofazimine, in 2
       strains by amikacin, and in 1 strain by ofloxacin. In vitro screening of
       three-drug combinations showed that combinations of roxithromycin,
       ethambutol, and a third potential anti-M. avium drug (rifampin,
       amikacin, ofloxacin, or clofazimine) resulted in further enhancement of
       activity in 13 out of 20 drug combinations screened.
 DE    Amikacin/*PHARMACOLOGY  Clofazimine/*PHARMACOLOGY  Drug Synergism
       Ethambutol/*PHARMACOLOGY  Human  Microbial Sensitivity Tests
       Mycobacterium avium Complex/*DRUG EFFECTS  Ofloxacin/*PHARMACOLOGY
       Rifampin/*PHARMACOLOGY  Roxithromycin/*PHARMACOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

