Archive-name: tennis-faq/tournaments


                   FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 1 of 5

                   Version 1.10 --  Last Modified 12 Jun 94

                           Table of Contents

      Legend --   N = New Item    * = Item Changed since last version

   File    Item    Title                                          
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     1      -i-    Changes Since Last FAQ Posting  . . . . . . . .

            -1-    Schedule of Grand Slam Tournaments (1994) . . .    
            -2-    Recent Grand Slam Event Highlights  . . . . . .  * 
            -3-    ATP Championship and the Grand Slam Cup . . . .    
            -4-    Explanation of ATP "Super 9"  . . . . . . . . .    
            -5-    1994 Pro Tournament Results . . . . . . . . . .  * 
            -6-    1994 Upcoming Tournaments . . . . . . . . . . .    
            -7-    Davis Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
            -8-    Federation Cup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    

     2      -9-    ATP - IBM/ATP Rankings (Men)  . . . . . . . . .    
           -10-    WTA - Virginia Slims Rankings (Women) . . . . .    
           -11-    WTA - Virginia Slims Bonus Pool Points (Women)     
           -12-    ATP Rankings - List of #1's . . . . . . . . . .    
           -13-    WTA Rankings - List of #1's . . . . . . . . . .    

     3     -14-    Grand Slam Winners  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -15-    Grand Slam Event Winners - Open Era . . . . . .  * 
           -16-    Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won . . . .  * 
           -17-    Players - Career Singles Titles . . . . . . . .    
           -18-    Head-to-Head Records  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  * 
           -19-    Pro Racquet, String, and Clothing Info  . . . .    
           -20-    Fan Club Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . .    

     4     -21-    Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider .   
           -22-    Explanation of Racquet Grips  . . . . . . . . .   
           -23-    Racquet Stringing Information . . . . . . . . .   

     5     -24-    Common Pro Tennis Acronyms  . . . . . . . . . .   
           -25-    Professional Tournament Seeding . . . . . . . .    
           -26-    TeamTennis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
           -27-    USTA Self Rating System . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -28-    Tennis Tie-Break Rules  . . . . . . . . . . . .     
           -29-    Dimensions of a Tennis Court  . . . . . . . . .   
           -30-    Origin of Scoring System in Tennis  . . . . . .    
           -31-    USTA Rules and Code On-Line . . . . . . . . . .    
           -32-    ATP and WTA Media Guides  . . . . . . . . . . .   
           -33-    Addresses of TV and Tennis Organizations  . . .    
           -34-    Ticket Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -35-    Tennis Media Reference Guide  . . . . . . . . .   

           -A1-    How to Obtain the FAQ via FTP . . . . . . . . .    
           -A2-    Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -A3-    Send comments to... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -i-               Changes Since Last FAQ Posting

    Item   Change
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
      2    Included 1994 French Open results      
      5    Provided recent tournament results
     15    Added 1994 French Open champions to table
     16    Added Arantxa Sanchez Vicario's name to table
     18    Recent head-to-head updates
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -1-          Schedule of Grand Slam Tournaments (1994)

                  Event                   Dates
              ---------------------------------------
              Australian Open         Jan 17 - 30     
              French Open             May 23 - Jun 5
              Wimbledon               Jun 20 - Jul 3
              US Open                 Aug 29 - Sep 11
              ---------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -2-  Grand Slam Singles Results -- Quarterfinals Onward -- Last 4 GS Events

               (Round of 16 Losers shown in parentheses)

 Australian Open 1994 - Women:

 (Testud)           Graf 1  --------+ Graf 
                                    |-------------+
 (Fernandez 6) Davenport 16 --------+ 6-3 6-2     | Graf  
                                                  |-------------+
 (Rubin)        Martinez 3  --------+ Date        | 6-3 6-3     |
                                    |-------------+           +-------------+
 (Helgeson)        Date 10  --------+ 6-2 4-6 6-3             |    Graf     |
                                                              |             |
 (Zardo)         Novotna 5  --------+ Sabatini                |   6-0 6-2   |
                                    |-------------+           +-------------+
 (Pierce 9)     Sabatini 4  --------+ 6-3 6-4     | Sanchez     |
                                                  |-------------+
 (Hack)      Maleeva-Fr. 8  --------+ Sanchez     | 6-1 6-2
                                    |-------------+
 (M Maleeva 14)  Sanchez 2  --------+ 7-6 6-4 

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Australian Open 1994 - Men:

 (Lendl 15)      Sampras 1  --------+ Sampras
                                    |-------------+
 (Damm)      Gustafsson 10  --------+ 7-6 2-6 6-3 | Sampras
                                        7-6       |-------------+
 (Ferreira 13)   Courier 3  --------+ Courier     | 6-3 6-4 6-4 |
                                    |-------------+           +-------------+
 (Stafford)   Ivanisevic 5  --------+ 7-6 6-4 6-2             |   Sampras   |
                                                              |             |
 (Volkov 12)      Muster 6  --------+ Edberg                  | 7-6 6-4 6-4 |
                                    |-------------+           +-------------+
 (Jonsson)        Edberg 4  --------+ 6-2 6-3 6-4 | Martin      |
                                                  |-------------+
 (Daufresne)      Martin 9  --------+ Martin      | 3-6 7-6 7-6
                                    |-------------+   7-6
 (Wilander)     Washington  --------+ 6-2 7-6 7-6

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 French Open 1994 - Women:

 (Spirlea)          Graf 1  --------+ Graf
                                    |-------------+
 (Majoli)    Gorrochategui  --------+ 6-4 6-1     | Pierce
                                                  |-------------+
 (Dragomir)         Ritter  --------+ Pierce      | 6-2 6-2     |
                                    |-------------+           +-------------+
 (Coetzer)       Pierce 12  --------+ 6-0 6-2                 | Sanchez Vic |
                                                              |             |
 (Stafford)        Hack 16  --------+ Martinez                |   6-4 6-4   |
                                    |-------------+           +-------------+
 (Dechaume)     Martinez 3  --------+ 2-6 6-0 6-2 | Sanchez     |
                                                  |-------------+
 (Zvereva 7)        Halard  --------+ Sanchez     | 6-3 6-1
                                    |-------------+
 (Huber 11)      Sanchez 2  --------+ 6-1 7-6

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 French Open 1993 - Men:

 (Tillstroem)    Sampras 1  --------+ Courier 
                                    |-------------+
 (Delaitre)      Courier 7  --------+ 6-4 5-7 6-4 | Bruguera 
                                        6-4       |-------------+
 (Eltingh)      Medvedev 4  --------+ Bruguera    | 6-3 5-7 6-3 |
                                    |-------------+   6-3     +-------------+
 (Rafter)       Bruguera 6  --------+ 6-3 6-2 7-5             |  Bruguera   |
                                                              | 6-3 7-5 2-6 |
 (Gaudenzi)   Ivanisevic 5  --------+ Berasategui             |   6-1       |
                                    |-------------+           +-------------+
 (Frana)       Berasategui  --------+ 6-4 6-3 6-3 | Berasategui |
                                                  |-------------+
 (Yzaga)           Larsson  --------+ Larsson     | 6-3 6-4 6-1
                                    |-------------+      
 (Krickstein)    Dreekmann  --------+ 3-6 6-7 7-6 
                                        6-0 6-1
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Wimbledon 1993 - Women:

 (McGrath)          Graf 1  --------+ Graf
                                    |-------------+
 (Raymond)      Capriati 7  --------+ 7-6 6-1     | Graf
                                                  |-------------+
 (Sanchez 3)     Sukova 15  --------+ Martinez    | 7-6 6-3     |
                                    |-------------+           +--------------+
 (Basuki)       Martinez 6  --------+ 6-1 6-4                 |     Graf     |
                                                              |              |
 (Oremans)       Novotna 8  --------+ Novotna                 | 7-6 1-6 6-4  |
                                    |-------------+           +--------------+
 (Huber 9)      Sabatini 4  --------+ 6-4 6-3     | Novotna     |
                                                  |-------------+
 (Garrison)        Zvereva  --------+ Navratilova | 6-4 6-4
                                    |-------------+
 (Tauziat    Navratilova 2  --------+ 6-3 6-1
    16)
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 Wimbledon 1993 - Men:

 (Foster)        Sampras 1  --------+ Sampras
                                    |-------------+
 (Krajicek 9)     Agassi 8  --------+ 6-2 6-2 3-6 | Sampras
                                        3-6 6-4   |-------------+
 (Leconte)        Becker 4  --------+ Becker      | 7-6 6-4 6-4 |
                                    |-------------+           +--------------+
 (Korda 11)        Stich 6  --------+ 7-5 6-7 6-7             |   Sampras    |
                                        6-2 6-4               | 7-6 7-6 3-6  |
 (Wheaton)          Martin  --------+ Courier                 |   6-3        |
                                    |-------------+           +--------------+
 (Ferreira 13)   Courier 3  --------+ 6-2 7-6 6-3 | Courier     |
                                                  |-------------+
 (Masur)           Pioline  --------+ Edberg      | 4-6 6-4 6-4
                                    |-------------+   6-4
 (Matuszewski)    Edberg 2  --------+ 7-5 7-5 6-3

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 US Open 1993 - Women:

 (Pierce 13)        Graf 1  --------+ Graf
                                    |-------------+
 (Davenport)    Sabatini 5  --------+ 6-2 5-7 6-1 | Graf
                                                  |-------------+
 (Martinez 4)  Mal.-Fr. 11  --------+ Maleeva-Fr. | 4-6 6-1 6-0 |
                                    |-------------+           +--------------+
 (Novotna 8)          Date  --------+ 7-5 7-5                 |     Graf     |
                                                              |              |
 (M Maleeva 10)  K Maleeva  --------+ Sukova                  |    6-3 6-3   |
                                    |-------------+           +--------------+
 (Navratilova 3) Sukova 12  --------+ 6-4 6-7 6-3 | Sukova      |
                                                  |-------------+
 (Gaidano)         Zvereva  --------+ Sanchez     | 6-7 7-5 6-2
                                    |-------------+
 (Tauziat 14)    Sanchez 2  --------+ 3-0 ret
       
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 US Open 1993 - Men:

 (Courier 1)    Pioline 15  --------+ Pioline 
                                    |-------------+
 (Krajicek 10)  Medvedev 8  --------+ 6-3 6-1 3-6 | Pioline
                                        6-2       |-------------+
 (Becker 4)        Larsson  --------+ Masur       | 6-1 6-7 7-6 |
                                    |-------------+   6-1     +--------------+
 (Morgan)            Masur  --------+ 6-2 7-5 7-5             |   Sampras    |
                                                              |              |
 (Gilbert)       Muster 12  --------+ Volkov                  | 6-4 6-4 6-3  |
                                    |-------------+           +--------------+
 (Adams)         Volkov 14  --------+ 7-6 6-3 3-6 | Sampras     |
                                        2-6 7-5   |-------------+
 (Ferreira)        Chang 7  --------+ Sampras     | 6-4 6-3 6-2
                                    |-------------+ 
 (Enqvist)       Sampras 2  --------+ 6-7 7-6 6-1
                                        6-1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -3-    The ATP World Tour Championship and the Grand Slam Cup

On the men's tour, there are two year-end championships: the ATP World
Tour Championship and the Grand Slam Cup.

The ATP World Tour Championship

The top eight (8) players whose "best 14" results from all tournaments
in that calendar year up to and including the week immediately prior to
the ATP World Tour Championship qualify for this event in Frankfurt,
Germany. (In other words, points received from this tournament in
the previous year are NOT included in the calculation for eligibility.)
The ninth, tenth ... players are alternates. The eight players
are divided into two groups of four. #1 and #2 are separated into
different groups; so are #3 and #4, #5 and #6 as well as #7 and #8.
That is the way the "draw" is done in this tournament. Within each group,
the four players face one another exactly once in round robin matches.
The top two finishers from each group (determined by the number of
matches won, and if there is a tie, the number of sets won/lost will be
used to break the tie) advance to the semi-final, where the top finisher
from one group plays the second from the other. The winners advance to
the final, which is best-of-five sets. All other matches are best-of-
three sets.

Players will receive the following ranking points from the ATP World
Tour Championship:

each round robin match won:  65 points
winning a semi-final match: 130 points
winning the final:          185 points
No bonus points are given for beating ranked players in this tournament.

For example, if a player wins all three round robin matches and of course
the semi and final on the way to the title, he will receive:
  65 * 3 + 130 + 185 = 510 points

---------------------------------------

The Grand Slam Cup

The year-end Grand Slam Cup in Munich, Germany is a tournament created
by the ITF (International Tennis Federation) and is NOT part of the ATP
Tour.  Therefore, it is technically an exhibition because its results do
NOT count towards the ATP rankings or head-to-head records.  Eligibility
for the Grand Slam Cup is determined by a player's results from the four
Grand Slam events in that calendar year.  The players are awarded a certain
number of points depending on how far they advance in each event. The top
16 with the highest number of total points qualify.  Seedings for this
event is determined by the GS points, NOT the usual rankings.  The first
two rounds of the Grand Slam Cup are best of three sets.  The semi and
final are best of five sets.

Grand Slam Cup points from GS events:
  winner:           600
  finalist:         450
  semi finalist:    300
  quarter finalist: 150
  round of 16:       75
  third round:       40
  second round:      20
  first round:        2

Here are the current Grand Slam Cup point standings for 1994: 

                   Australian  French    Wimbledon   US Open    Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 1. Sampras           600          -          -          -        600
 2. Martin            450          -          -          -        450
 3. Courier           300          -          -          -        300
 4. Edberg            300          -          -          -        300
 5. Gustafsson        150          -          -          -        150
 6. Ivanisevic        150          -          -          -        150
 7. Muster            150          -          -          -        150
 8. Washington        150          -          -          -        150
 9. Jonsson            75          -          -          -         75
10. Lendl              75          -          -          -         75
11. Volkov             75          -          -          -         75
12. Wilander           75          -          -          -         75
13. Ferreira           75          -          -          -         75
14. Damm               75          -          -          -         75
15. Daufresne          75          -          -          -         75
16. Stafford           75          -          -          -         75
---------------------------------------------------------------------

In the 1993 Grand Slam Cup final, Petr Korda - CZE d. Michael Stich - GER,
2-6 6-4 7-6 2-6 11-9.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -4-      What is the "Super 9" and what does this term mean?

                         Christopher Smith

  The tournaments on the ATP tour are designated into two main tiers
  (excluding Challenger events), called Championship Series and World
  Series.  Championship series events offer more prize money and attract
  bigger-name players.

  Starting in 1993, the ATP has given special status to 9 of their
  Championship Series tournaments.  These tournaments are unofficially
  known as the Super 9.

  An ATP Top Ten player is supposed to play in at least 8 of these 9
  special events, and each event must field at least eight of the Top
  Ten men (singles).  The idea is to get the top players to play each
  other more often and add prestige to selected ATP events.

  Super 9 Tour Dates in 1994:

    Event Location       Surface         Dates           Champion
    --------------       -------         -----           --------
    Indian Wells         Hard            Feb 28-Mar 6    Sampras
    Lipton (Fla.)        Hard            Mar 11-20       Sampras
    Monte Carlo          Red Clay        Apr 18-24       Medvedev
    Hamburg              Red Clay        May 2-8         Medvedev
    Italian Open (Rome)  Red Clay        May 9-15        Sampras 
    Canadian Open        Hard            Jul 25-31               
    Cincinnati           Hard            Aug 8-14                
    Stockholm            Supreme *       Oct 24-30               
    Paris                Supreme *       Oct 31-Nov 6              

    * Indoor Court Surface

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -5-                      1994 Tournament Record  

      Notes Legend:    1 - WTA Tier 1            H - Hard
                       2 - WTA Tier 2            I - Indoor
                       3 - WTA Tier 3            C - Green Clay
                       4 - WTA Tier 4            R - Red Clay
                       * - Grand Slam Event      G - Grass
                       S - ATP "Super 9"         ? - Surface Not Known
                       T - ATP Championship
                           Series              999 - Prize Money in $K
                       W - ATP World Series          for tournament
                       E - Exhibition

   Note1:  Exhibition results are not counted as part of a player's record. 

   Note2:  Various media reports indicated that the ATP Tour stop in
           Bordeaux, FRA, was a hard court event in 1993.  However,
           since this tournament has historically been a red clay event,
           and the 1994 ATP Tour schedule lists Bordeaux as red clay,
           that is how I have chosen to list it.

Place            Notes      Dates    1994 Final Result
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perth, AUS       E        Dec 31 -   Czech Republic (Novotna/Korda) d.
 (Hopman Cup)                 Jan 7    Germany (Huber/Karbacher)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doha, QAT        WH  525  Jan 3-9    Edberg d. Haarhuis     6-3 6-2
Honolulu, HI     WH  314             Ferreira d. Reneberg   6-4 6-7 6-1
Adelaide, AUS    WH  314             Kafelnikov d. Volkov   6-4 6-3    
Brisbane, AUS    3H  150             Davenport d. Labat     6-1 2-6 6-4
Hong Kong        E                   Graf d. Sanchez Vic.   7-5 6-7 7-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sydney           WH  314  Jan 10-16  Sampras d. Lendl       7-6 6-4
                 2H  300             Date d. Fernandez      6-4 6-2
Auckland, NZL    WH  314             Gustafsson d. McEnroe  6-4 6-0
Jakarta, INA     WH  314             Chang d. Rikl          6-3 6-3     
Hobart, AUS      4H  100             Endo d. McQuillan      6-1 6-7 6-4
Adelaide         E                   Courier d. Edberg      6-2 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Australian Open  *H       Jan 17-30  Sampras d. Martin      7-6 6-4 6-4     
                                     Graf d. Sanchez Vic.   6-0 6-2    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dubai, UAE       WH 1039  Jan 31 -   Gustafsson d. Bruguera 6-4 6-2
Marseille, FRA   WI  539      Feb 6  Rosset d. Boetsch      7-6 7-6
San Jose         WI  314             Furlan d. Chang        3-6 6-2 7-5
Tokyo            1I  750             Graf d. Navratilova    6-2 6-4
Auckland, NZL    4H  100             Helgeson d. Gorroch'i  7-6 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Milan, ITA       TI  814  Feb 7-13   Becker d. Korda        6-2 3-6 6-3
Memphis, TN      TI  800             Martin d. Gilbert      6-4 7-5    
Chicago, IL      2I  400             Zvereva d. Rubin       6-3 7-5    
Osaka, JPN       3I  150             Maleeva-Fr. d. Majoli  6-1 4-6 7-5
Linz, AUT        3I  150             Appelmans d. Babel     6-1 4-6 7-6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stuttgart        TI 2250  Feb 14-20  Edberg d. Ivanisevic   4-6 6-4 6-2 6-2   

Philadelphia     TI  714             Chang d. Haarhuis      6-3 6-2  
Paris            2I  400             Navratilova d. Halard  7-5 6-3    
Oklahoma City    3I  150             McGrath d. Schultz     7-6 7-6 
Beijing, CHN     4I  100             Basuki d. Nagatsuka    6-4 6-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rotterdam, NED   WI  600  Feb 21-27  Stich d. Ferreira      4-6 6-3 6-0
Scottsdale, AZ   WH  314             Agassi d. Mattar       6-4 6-3    
Mexico City      WR  325             Muster d. Jabali       6-3 6-1
Indian Wells, CA 2H  400             Graf d. Coetzer        6-0 6-4     
San Juan, PR     3H  150             (tournament cancelled)             
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indian Wells, CA SH 1720  Feb 28 -   Sampras d. Korda       4-6 6-3 3-6 6-3
6-2
Copenhagen, DEN  WI  214      Mar 6  Kafelnikov d. Vacek    6-3 7-5    
Delray Beach     2H  400             Graf d. Sanchez V.     6-3 7-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zaragoza, ESP    WI  225  Mar  7-13  Larsson d. Rehmann     6-4 6-4    
Casablanca, MOR  WR  214  Mar 14-20  Furlan d. Alami        6-2 6-2
Key Biscayne     SH 1875  Mar 11-20  Sampras d. Agassi              
      (Lipton)   H  1000             Graf d. Zvereva        4-6 6-1 6-2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Davis Cup Round 1         Mar 25-27
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Houston, TX      2C  400  Mar 21-27  Hack d. Pierce         7-5 6-4
Saddlebrook, FL  C   175             Novotna/Sanchez V. d.
  (Doubles Only)                       Fernandez/Zvereva    6-2 7-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estoril, POR     WR  526  Mar 28-    Costa d. Medvedev      4-6 7-5 6-4
Osaka, JPN       WH  650      Apr 3  Sampras d. Roux        6-2 6-2
Sun City, RSA    WH  314             Zoecke d. Dreekman     6-4 6-1
Hilton Head, SC  1C  750             Martinez d. Zvereva    6-4 6-0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tokyo            TH 1054  Apr  4-10  Sampras d. Chang       6-4 6-2    
                 3H  150             Date d. Frazier        7-5 6-0 
Barcelona        TR  900             Krajicek d. Costa      6-4 7-6 6-2
Amelia Island    2C  400             Sanchez V. d. Sabatini 6-1 6-4     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nice, FRA        WR  314  Apr 11-17  Berasategui d. Courier 6-4 6-2    
Birmingham, AL   WC  289             Stoltenberg d. Markus  6-3 6-4
Hong Kong        WH  320             Chang d. Rafter        6-1 6-3    
Pattaya, THA     4H  100             Appelmans d. Fendick   6-7 7-6 6-3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monte Carlo      SR 1720  Apr 18-24  Medvedev d. Bruguera   7-5 6-1 6-3
Seoul, KOR       WH  214             Bates d. Renzenbrink   6-4 6-7 6-3
Barcelona, ESP   2R  400             Sanchez V. d. Majoli   6-0 6-2
Singapore        4H  100             Sawamatsu d. Labat     7-5 7-5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Madrid, ESP      WR  800  Apr 25 -   Muster d. Bruguera     6-2 3-6 6-4 7-5
Munich, GER      WR  425      May 1  Stich d. Korda         6-2 2-6 6-3
Atlanta, GA      WC  314             Chang d. Martin        6-7 7-6 6-0
Hamburg, GER     2R  400             Sanchez V. d. Graf     4-6 7-6 7-6
Taranto, ITA     4R  100             Halard d. Spirlea      6-2 6-3
Jakarta, INA     4H  100             Basuki d. Labat        6-4 3-6 7-6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hamburg, GER     SR 1720  May 2-8    Medvedev d. Kafelnikov 6-3 6-3 4-6 6-4
Pinehurst, NC    WC  314             Palmer d. Martin       6-4 7-6
Italian Open     1R  750             Martinez d. Navratil'a 7-6 6-4
Liege, BEL       4R  100             (cancelled)                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Italian Open     SR 2000  May 9-15   Sampras d. Becker      6-1 6-2 6-2
Coral Springs    WR  240             Mattar d. Morgan       6-4 3-6 6-3
Berlin, GER      1R  750             Graf d. Schultz        7-6 6-4
Prague, CZE      4R  100             Coetzer d. Carlsson    6-1 7-6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
World Team Cup   TR 1750  May 16-22  Germany d. Spain       2-1
Bologna, ITA     WR  314             J Sanchez d. Berasat'i 7-6 4-6 6-3
Lucerne, SUI     3R  150             Davenport d. Raymond   7-6 6-4    
Strasbourg, FRA  3R  150             Fernandez d. Sabatini  4-6 6-4 6-0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
French Open      *R       May 23-    Bruguera d. Berasat'i  6-3 7-5 2-6 6-1   

                             Jun 5   Sanchez V. d. Pierce   6-4 6-4     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Queen's Club     WG  625  Jun 6-12   Martin d. Sampras      7-6 7-6
Rosmalen, NED    WG  314             Krajicek d. Braasch    6-3 6-4    
Florence, ITA    WR  314             Filippini d. Fromberg  3-6 6-3 6-3
Birmingham, GBR  3G  150             McNeil d. Garrison     6-2 6-2     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -6-                     1994 Upcoming Tournaments

Place            Notes      Dates    1993 Final Result
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Halle, GER       WG  525  Jun 13-19  Leconte d. Medvedev    6-2 6-3
Manchester, GBR  WG  315             Stoltenberg d. Masur   6-1 6-3
Genova, ITA      WR  314             Muster d. Gustafsson   7-6 6-4
Eastbourne, GBR  2G  400             Navratilova d. Oremans 2-6 6-2 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wimbledon        *G       Jun 20-    Sampras d. Courier     7-6 7-6 3-6 6-3
                             Jul 3   Graf d. Novotna        7-6 1-6 6-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Palermo, ITA     4R  100  Jul 4-10   Bobkova d. Pierce      6-3 6-2
Gstaad, SUI      WR  400             Bruguera d. Novacek    6-4 6-4
Bastad, SWE      WR  314             Skoff d. Agenor        7-5 1-6 6-0
Newport, RI, USA WG  240             Rusedski d. Frana      7-5 6-7 7-6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Davis Cup Round 2         Jul 15-17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kitzbuhel, AUT   3R  150  Jul 11-17  Huber d. Wiesner       6-4 6-1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stuttgart, GER   TR 1040  Jul 18-24  Gustafsson d. Stich    6-3 6-4 3-6 4-6
6-4
Washington, DC   TH  650             Mansdorf d. Martin     7-6 7-5
Federation Cup                       Spain d. Australia     3-0
Boston, MA        E  250             Lendl d. Martin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stratton, VT     2H  400  Jul 25-31  Martinez d. Garrison   6-3 6-2
San Marino       4R  100             Grossi d. Rittner      3-6 7-5 6-1
Toronto, CAN     SH 1720             Pernfors d. Martin     2-6 6-2 7-5
Hilversum, NED   WR  300             Costa d. Gustafsson    6-1 6-2 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
San Diego, CA    2H  400  Aug 1-7    Graf d. Sanchez Vic.   6-4 4-6 6-1
Kitzbuhel, AUT   WR  400             Muster d. J Sanchez    6-3 7-5 6-4
Los Angeles, CA  WH  314             Krajicek d. Chang      0-6 7-6 7-6
Prague, CZE      WR  365             Bruguera d. Chesnokov  7-5 6-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Los Angeles, CA  2H  400  Aug 8-14   Navratilova d. Sanchez 7-5 7-6
Cincinnati, OH   SH 1720             Chang d. Edberg        7-5 0-6 6-4
San Marino       WR  300             Muster d. Furlan       7-5 7-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Montreal, CAN    1H  750  Aug 15-21  Graf d. Capriati       6-1 0-6 6-3
Indianapolis     TH 1040             Courier d. Becker      7-5 6-3
New Haven, CT    TH 1040             Medvedev d. Korda      7-5 6-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schnectady, NY   3H  150  Aug 22-28  Neiland d. Medvedeva   6-3 7-5
                 WH  314             Enqvist d. Steven      4-6 6-3 7-6(0)
Umag, CRO        WR  400             Muster d. Berasategui  7-5 3-6 6-3
Long Island, NY  WH  314             Rosset d. Chang        6-4 3-6 6-1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
US Open          *H       Aug 29-    Graf d. Sukova         6-3 6-3
                             Sep 11  Sampras d. Pioline     6-4 6-4 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hong Kong        4H  100  Sep 12-18  Wang d. Werdel         6-4 3-6 7-5
Bucharest, ROM   WR  550             Ivan'ic d. Cherkasov   6-2 7-6
Bordeaux, FRA    WR  400             Bruguera d. Nargiso    7-5 6-2
Bogota, COL      WR  314
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Davis Cup Semifinals      Sep 23-25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tokyo, JPN       2H  400  Sep 19-25  Coetzer d. Date        6-3 6-2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leipzig, GER     2I  400  Sep 26-    Graf d. Novotna        6-0 6-4
Sapporo, JPN     4I  100     Oct 2   Harvey-Wild d. Spirlea 6-3 6-4
Basel, SUI       WI  800             Stich d. Edberg        6-4 6-7 6-3 6-2
Palermo, ITA     WR  315             Muster d. Bruguera     7-5 7-6
Kuala Lumpur     WI  400             Chang d. Svensson      6-0 6-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Taipei           4H  100  Oct 3-9    Wang d. Harvey-Wild    6-1 7-6
Zurich, SUI      1I  750             Mal.-Fr. d. Navratil'a 6-3 7-6
Sydney, AUS      TI 1020             Yzaga d. Korda         6-2 4-6 7-6 7-6
Toulouse, FRA    WI  400             Boetsch d. Pioline     7-6 3-6 6-3
Athens, GRE      WR  214             Arrese d. Berasategui  6-4 3-6 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Filderstadt,GER  2I  400  Oct 10-16  Pierce d. Zvereva      6-3 6-3
Montpellier, FRA 4I  100             Likhovtseva d. Monami  6-3 6-4
Tokyo, JPN       TI 1020             Lendl d.Martin         6-4 6-4
Bolzano, ITA     WI  315             Stark d. Pioline       6-3 6-2
Tel Aviv, ISR    WH  275             Pescosol'o d. Mansdorf 7-6 7-5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brighton, GBR    2I  400  Oct 17-23  Novotna d. Huber       6-2 6-4
Budapest, HUN    3I  150             Garrison d. Appelmans  7-5 6-3
Lyon, FRA        WI  600             Sampras d. Pioline     7-6 1-6 7-5
Vienna, AUT      WI  325             Ivanisevic d. Muster   4-6 6-4 6-4 7-6
Beijing, CHN     WI  320             Chang d. Rusedski      7-6 6-7 6-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Essen, GER       2I  400  Oct 24-30  Medvedeva d. Martinez  6-7 7-5 6-4
Sao Paulo, BRA   4R  100             Hack d. Labat          6-2 6-0
Stockholm, SWE   SI 1720             Stich d. Ivanisevic    4-6 7-6 7-6 6-2
Santiago, CHI    WR  214             Frana d. E Sanchez     7-5 3-6 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oakland, CA      2I  400  Oct 31 -   Navrat'a d. Garrison   6-2 7-6
Quebec City,CAN  3I  150      Nov 6  Tauziat d. K Maleeva   6-4 6-1
Paris, FRA       SI 2250             Ivanisevic d. Medvedev 6-4 6-2 7-6
Sao Paulo, BRA   WH  214             Berasategui d. Dosedel 6-4 6-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Philadelphia     1I  750  Nov 7-13   Martinez d. Graf       6-3 6-3
Antwerp, BEL     WI 1250             Sampras d. Gustafsson  6-1 6-4
Moscow           WI  354             Rosset d. Kuhnen       6-4 6-3
Buenos Aires     WR  314             Costa d. Berasategui   3-6 6-1 6-4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VS Championships  I 3500  Nov 14-20  Graf d. Sanchez Vic.   6-1 6-4 3-6 6-1
ATP Championships I 3000             Stich d. Sampras       7-6 2-6 7-6 6-2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ATP Doubles Chp. HI 1300  Nov 21-27  Eltingh/Haarhuis d.    7-6 7-6 6-4
 (Jakarta, INA)                       Woodbridge/Woodforde
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Davis Cup Final           Dec 2-4    Germany d. Australia   4-1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grand Slam Cup    E 6000  Dec 5-11   Korda d. Stich        2-6 6-4 7-6 2-6
11-9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -7-                      Davis Cup, 1994

The Davis Cup schedule for 1994 for the World Group:

        Round I      March 25-27
        Round II     July 15-17
        Semifinal    September 23-25
        Final        December 3-5

Here is the draw for 1994.


      United States --------+ USA               
                            |--------+
              India --------+  5-0   |               
                                     |--------+
        Netherlands --------+ Netherlands     |
                            |--------+        |
            Belgium --------+                 |               
                                              |--------+
             Sweden --------+ Sweden          |        |
                            |--------+        |        |
            Denmark --------+        |        |        |
                                     |--------+        |
             France --------+ France |                 |
                            |--------+                 |
            Hungary --------+                          |
                                                       +-------->         
             Israel --------+ Czech Rep.               |                  
                            |--------+                 |
     Czech Republic --------+        |                 |
                                     |--------+        |
             Russia --------+ Russia |        |        |
                            |--------+        |        |
          Australia --------+                 |        |
                                              |--------+
              Italy --------+ Spain           |       
                            |--------+        |
              Spain --------+        |        |
                                     |--------+
            Austria --------+ Germany|      
                            |--------+
            Germany --------+  3-2 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -8-                       Federation Cup

   Special thanks to Glenn Stein for contributing additional details.

   The Federation Cup is the women's version of the Davis Cup.  Currently,
the format of the Federation Cup is that, unlike Davis Cup, the entire event
is held over a one week period in one city.  This will change in 1995, when
a format very similar to the present Davis Cup format will be adopted.

   In 1994, Frankfurt, Germany, is the host city.  In a Federation Cup tie,
three matches (two singles matches followed by a doubles match) are played.
The team winning the most matches advances to the next round.

   There will be 16 seeded teams in 1994 competition (as opposed to 8 last
year).  The 8 quarterfinalists from the 1994 competition will advance to
next year's "World Group."  The 2nd round losers will advance to a mid range
group, while others will be relegated to the lowest-level zone competitions.

   In 1995, the format of a Federation Cup "tie" will change.  There will
be five matches per tie played (like in Davis Cup): two singles matches, the
doubles match, and then two reverse singles matches.  The first two singles
matches will be played on one day, and the remaining three matches played
on the second day.  The schedule for the 1995 Federation Cup matches is to
be determined. 

   In 1993, the Federation Cup was held during the week of July 19-25, in
Frankfurt.  The draw and team results follow:

                                 Spain
          Spain (1) vs. Britain --------+ Spain
                                 Ind'a  |--------+
           Poland vs. Indonesia --------+  3-0   | Spain
                                 Latvia          |--------+
             Latvia vs. Belgium --------+ Holland| 3-0    |
                                 Holland|--------+        |
        Holland (7) vs. Croatia --------+  3-0            | Spain
                                 Czech.                   |--------+
     Czech.(3) vs. South Africa --------+ Czech.          | 2-1    |
                                 Italy  |--------+        |        |
               Italy vs. Israel --------+  2-1   | France |        |
                                 Sweden          |--------+        |
             Sweden vs. Uruguay --------+ France | 3-0             |
                                 France |--------+                 |
          France (6) vs. Canada --------+  3-0                     | Spain
                                 USA                               +-------+
        USA (5) vs. Switzerland --------+ USA                      | 3-0
                                 China  |--------+                 |
                 China vs. Peru --------+  2-1   | Argentina       |
                                 Arg.            |--------+        |
      New Zealand vs. Argentina --------+ Arg.   |  2-1   |        |
                                 Bulg.  |--------+        |        |
   Bulgaria (4) vs. South Korea --------+  2-1            | Australia
                                 Japan                    |--------+
         Japan (8) vs. Colombia --------+ Finland         | 2-1
                                 Finland|--------+        |
              Chile vs. Finland --------+  2-1   | Australia
                                 Denmark         |--------+
            Austria vs. Denmark --------+ Austr. |  3-0
                                 Austr. |--------+
      Germany (2) vs. Australia --------+  3-0


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------




------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 06-12-94                         Msg # 15044  
  To: ALL                              Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: Christopher Smith                Stat: Public
Subj: FAQ for rec.sport.tennis         Read: Yes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
@FROM   :csmith@cc.gatech.edu                                         
@SUBJECT:FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (2/5) - Rankings                    
@PACKOUT:06-12-94ising                                                
Message-ID: <rst2_771466517@cc.gatech.edu>
Newsgroups: rec.sport.tennis,rec.answers,news.answers
Organization: College of Computing, Georgia Tech

Archive-name: tennis-faq/rankings


                   FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 2 of 5
                               Rankings

   File    Item    Title                                                
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     2      -9-    ATP - IBM/ATP Rankings (Men)  . . . . . . . . .   
           -10-    WTA - Virginia Slims Rankings (Women) . . . . .    
           -11-    WTA - Virginia Slims Bonus Pool Points (Women)     
           -12-    ATP Rankings - List of #1's . . . . . . . . . .    
           -13-    WTA Rankings - List of #1's . . . . . . . . . .    
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -9-                     ATP - IBM/ATP Rankings (Men)

NOTE: The point system has been modified as of 1994.  The following changes
are reflected: In Grand Slam events, winners receive 120 more points and
finalists 50 more points than in 1993.  For Championship Series events,
winners receive 50 more points and finalists 25 more points than in 1993.
In the World Series events, winners receive 20 more points and finalists
10 more points.

ATP RANKING SYSTEM, written by Clark Coleman (clc5q@uvacs.cs.Virginia.EDU)

Here is the complete information about the computer ranking points on the
IBM/ATP Tour.  Players are ranked on the basis of their best 14 results in
the previous 52 weeks. Prize money listed is on-site (not including hotel
rooms, etc., called "hospitality") and is in U.S. Dollars.


                  Total                  Computer Points
Category       Prize Money     W    F    S    Q    16   32   64   128
--------       -----------    ---  ---  ---  ---  ---- ---- ---- -----
Grand Slams     4,000,000     640  440  260  130   65   33   17    1
                3,750,000     630  433  255  128   64   32   16    1
                3,500,000     620  425  250  125   63   32   16    1
                3,250,000     610  418  245  123   62   31   16    1
                3,000,000     600  410  240  120   60   30   15    1
                2,750,000     590  403  235  118   59   30   15    1
                2,500,000     580  395  230  115   58   29   15    1
                2,250,000     570  388  225  113   57   29   15    1
                2,000,000     560  380  220  110   55   28   14    1

Championship    2,250,000     380  273  165   83   42   21   11    1
  Series        2,125,000     370  265  160   80   40   20   10    1
                2,000,000     360  258  155   78   39   20   10    1
                1,875,000     350  250  150   75   38   19   10    1
                1,750,000     340  243  145   73   37   19   10    1
                1,625,000     330  235  140   70   35   18    9    1
                1,500,000     320  228  135   68   34   17    9    1
                1,375,000     310  220  130   65   33   17    1    1
                1,250,000     300  213  125   63   32   16    1
                1,125,000     290  205  120   60   30   15    1
                1,000,000     280  198  115   58   29   15    1
                  875,000     270  190  110   55   28   14    1
                  750,000     260  183  105   53   27   14    1
                  625,000     250  175  100   50   25   13    1

World           1,000,000     220  160  100   50   25   13    1
  Series          875,000     210  153   95   48   24   12    1
                  750,000     200  145   90   45   23   12    1
                  625,000     190  138   85   43   22   11    1
                  550,000     180  130   80   40   20   10    1
                  475,000     170  123   75   38   19   10    1
                  400,000     160  115   70   35   18    9    1
                  325,000     150  108   65   33   17    9    1
                  250,000     140  100   60   30   15    8    1
                  175,000     130   93   55   28   14    7    1

Challengers*      125,000+H    90   68   45   23   12    1
                  125,000      80   60   40   20   10    1
                  100,000      70   53   35   18    9    1
                   75,000      60   45   30   15    8    1
                   50,000      50   38   25   13    7    1
                   25,000      40   30   20   10    5    1

* Any Challenger providing hospitality will receive the points of the next
  highest prize money level. (Note: 125,000 + H points are shown).

First Round Losers
------------------
First round losers always receive 1 point. Any player who reached the second
round by drawing a bye and then loses will receive second round prize money
but only 1 point.


Bonus Points
------------

Main Draw Bonus Points
----------------------

The following points are awarded for defeating a player ranked #1 through 200
or a doubles team ranked 2 through 400. The match must actually be played,
not a walk-over.

 1. Singles
    -------
    Ranking        Bonus Points
    -------        ------------
       1               50
      2-5              45
      6-10             36
     11-20             24
     21-30             18
     31-50             12
     51-75              6
     75-100             3
    101-150             2
    151-200             1

2. Doubles
   -------
    Ranking        Bonus Points
    -------        ------------
      2-3              50
      4-10             45
     11-20             36
     21-40             24
     41-60             18
     61-100            12
    101-150             6
    151-200             3
    201-300             2
    301-400             1

You compute the sum of the doubles rankings of the opposing team
members (which could only be 2 if they were tied for #1) and thus
there is no #1 listed, and all the rankings are twice as much as the
corresponding singles rankings.

Qualifying Points
-----------------
A player or team gaining entry to an event through a qualifying
competition shall receive one half the points awarded to a second
round loser in that event as bonus points, in addition to whatever
points they actually earn in the event. Lucky losers do not receive
these bonus points. There are no bonus points awarded in the qualifying
event itself, regardless of opponents' rankings.


Ranking Penalty: Withdrawals After 12 Noon Eastern Time USA
-----------------------------------------------------------
If a player withdraws from an event after 12 Noon Eastern Time USA on
the Friday before the start of the event, he will be penalized in the
rankings by one event per 12 month period, e.g. he will be ranked by
his best 13 events instead of his best 14 events after one such
infraction, by his best 12 events after 2 such infractions, etc. The
penalty shall remain in force for 52 weeks after the time of the
infraction.  This penalty shall be waived if, within the first 3 days
of the main draw, the player is examined on-site by the tournament
doctor and deemed incapable of competing at a professional level.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -10-             WTA - Virginia Slims Rankings (Women)

        VIRGINIA SLIMS RANKINGS POINTS (WTA), written by
  Natasha Austria (U58476@uicvm.uic.edu) and edited by Shun Cheung

The women's computer rankings are determined as follows:

Points are awarded based on how far a player advances in a tournament.
Bonus points, based on the rankings of opponents beaten in each round,
are added. The only exception is the Virginia Slims Championship, where
a player gets the higher between (1) ranking points she gets based on
the method described above and (2) her ranking point average going into
the VS Championship (described below) plus any bonus points she receives
there.

The total points awarded for each tournament played within a 52-week
period are added & then divided by the number of tournaments played in
that same period (minimum divisor of 12 tournaments: if one plays 11 or
fewer, her points will still be divided by 12). Unlike the men's system,
all the women's results count with the exception of Federation Cup,
Olympics, & exhibitions.  Of player must have played in at least three
tournaments in the last calendar year to obtain a ranking.

The current ranking system awards points based on the tier of a
tournament as well as the type of draw (the number of players in the
main draw in a tournament).


                  Draw   Winner  Fin.  SF   QF   Rof16  Rof32   Rof64  Rof128
Grand Slams        128    520    364   234  130   72     44      26      2
VS Championships    16    390    273   175   97    -      -       -      -
Lipton              96    260    182   117   65   36     22      13      1
Tier I ($750K)      64    260    182   117   65   36     22       1      -
Tier I ($750K)      32    260    182   117   65   36      1       -      -
Tier II ($400K)     64    210    147    95   53   27     14       1      -
Tier II ($400K)     32    210    147    95   53   27      1       -      -
Tier III ($150K)    64    160    112    72   40   21     11       1      -
Tier III ($150K)    32    160    112    72   40   21      1       -      -
Tier IV ($100K)     64    100     70    45   25   13      7       1      -
Tier IV ($100K)     32    100     70    45   25   13      1       -      -
$75,000             32     60     42    27   15    8      1       -      -
$50,000             32     40     28    19   12    6      1       -      -
$25,000             32     25     18    11    7    4      1       -      -
$10,000 (M)                12    8.5   5.5    3    1      -       -      -
$10,000             32      6      4  2.75  1.5  0.75    0.3      -      -
$ 5,000 (M)                 6      4  2.75  1.5    1      -       -      -


Quality (Bonus) Points:       Loser's Rank    Bonus Worth   Grand Slam Points
                                    1              75             112.5
 *the $275K Sydney tournament       2              68              102
  is treated as a Tier II          3-5             60               90
                                   6-10            45              67.5
**source: 1994 WTA media guide    11-15            30               45
                                  16-30            20               30
                                  31-50            10               15
                                  51-75             6                9
                                  76-100            4                6
                                 101-150            3               4.5
                                 151-200           1.5              2.3
                                 201-300            1               1.5
                                 301-500           0.5              0.8

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -11-           WTA - Virginia Slims Bonus Pool Points (Women)

(Formerly Kraft Tour Points)  Written by Shun Cheung (shun.cheung@att.com)

The Virginia Slims Bonus Pool points are used to determine the eligibility
for the year-end Virginia Slims Championship at the Madison Square Garden
in New York City (the top 16 qualify) and each player's share of the bonus
money pool. Otherwise, they are of little significance and should NOT be
confused with the ranking points.

The Virginia Slims Bonus Pool points for each player is the simple sum of
points she receives from all tournaments in a calendar year. For each
tournament, they are solely determined by how far a player advances; there
are NO quality (bonus) points for beating highly ranked players.

Since Virginia Slims Bonus Pool points are a simple sum, some players whose
rankings might not be in the top 20 but play a lot of tournaments can earn
enough points to quality for the VS Championship. Moreover, since every
player starts with 0 point at the beginning of a calendar year, those who
play a lot of tournaments at the beginning of a year may rank very high in
Virginia Slims Bonus Pool points during that period. This distortion tends
to disappear towards the second half of the year.

Below is a table showing how many points are given for the different levels
of tournaments.


                   Winner  Fin.  SF   QF   Rof16  Rof32   Rof64  Rof128
Grand Slams         900    630   400  200  110     55      27     14
VS Championships    820    575   370  190  100      -       -      -
Lipton              500    350   225  110   60     30      15      8
Tier I ($750K)      470    330   210  105   55     28      13      -
Tier II ($375K)     300    210   135   70   35     18       9      -
Tier III ($150K)    190    135    85   45   20     10       5      -
Tier IV ($100K)     110     75    50   25   10      6       3      -

Source: WTA 1994 Media Guide

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -12-     ATP Rankings - List of #1's Since Inception of Rankings


Complete list of #1s on the ATP computer rankings (tennis, men's single)

                       Compiled by Shun Cheung

        NAME                                 Duration  Total (weeks)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------
     1. Nastase     1973-08-23 to 1974-06-02   40        40
     2. Newcombe    1974-06-03 to 1974-07-28    8         8
     3. Connors     1974-07-29 to 1977-08-22  160       268
     4. Borg        1977-08-23 to 1977-08-29    1       109
        Connors     1977-08-30 to 1979-04-08   84
        Borg        1979-04-09 to 1979-05-20    6
        Connors     1979-05-21 to 1979-07-08    7
        Borg        1979-07-09 to 1980-03-02   34
     5. McEnroe     1980-03-03 to 1980-03-23    3       170
        Borg        1980-03-24 to 1980-08-10   20
        McEnroe     1980-08-11 to 1980-08-17    1
        Borg        1980-08-18 to 1981-07-05   46
        McEnroe     1981-07-06 to 1981-07-19    2
        Borg        1981-07-20 to 1981-08-02    2
        McEnroe     1981-08-03 to 1982-09-12   58
        Connors     1982-09-13 to 1982-10-31    7
        McEnroe     1982-11-01 to 1982-11-07    1
        Connors     1982-11-08 to 1982-11-14    1
        McEnroe     1982-11-15 to 1983-01-30   11
        Connors     1983-01-31 to 1983-02-06    1
        McEnroe     1983-02-07 to 1983-02-13    1
        Connors     1983-02-14 to 1983-02-27    2
     6. Lendl       1983-02-28 to 1983-05-15   11       270
        Connors     1983-05-16 to 1983-06-05    3
        McEnroe     1983-06-06 to 1983-06-12    1
        Connors     1983-06-13 to 1983-07-03    3
        McEnroe     1983-07-04 to 1983-10-30   17
        Lendl       1983-10-31 to 1983-12-11    6
        McEnroe     1983-12-12 to 1984-01-08    4
        Lendl       1984-01-09 to 1984-03-11    9
        McEnroe     1984-03-12 to 1984-06-10   13
        Lendl       1984-06-11 to 1984-06-17    1
        McEnroe     1984-06-18 to 1984-07-08    3
        Lendl       1984-07-09 to 1984-08-12    5
        McEnroe     1984-08-13 to 1985-08-18   53
        Lendl       1985-08-19 to 1985-08-25    1
        McEnroe     1985-08-26 to 1985-09-08    2
        Lendl       1985-09-09 to 1988-09-11  157          
     7. Wilander    1988-09-12 to 1989-01-29   20        20
        Lendl       1989-01-30 to 1990-08-12   80
     8. Edberg      1990-08-13 to 1991-01-27   24        72
     9. Becker      1991-01-28 to 1991-02-17    3        12
        Edberg      1991-02-18 to 1991-07-07   20
        Becker      1991-07-08 to 1991-09-08    9
        Edberg      1991-09-09 to 1992-02-09   22
    10. Courier     1992-02-10 to 1992-03-22    6        58
        Edberg      1992-03-23 to 1992-04-12    3
        Courier     1992-04-13 to 1992-09-13   22
        Edberg      1992-09-14 to 1992-10-04    3
        Courier     1992-10-05 to 1993-04-11   27
    11. Sampras     1993-04-12 to 1993-08-22   19        19+
        Courier     1993-08-23 to 1993-09-12    3
        Sampras     1993-09-13 to    ?

The ATP computer rankings on men's singles tennis began in 1973.  I have
verified this list with several different sources. In particular, Clark
Coleman (who used to post frequently in this group) checked it against an
official ATP Guide and it is generally correct. Some of the dates may be
off by a day or two because rankings don't always change on Mondays (e.g.
the final of an event is delayed to a Monday or Tuesday because of rain,
etc.), hence affecting the calculation of the durations, which may be off
by a week. Otherwise, this list is correct to the best of my knowledge.
Those who find errors in this list please let me know.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -13-      WTA Rankings - List of #1's Since November, 1975


  Complete list of #1s on the WTA computer rankings since November, 1975
                    (tennis, women's single)

                    Compiled by Shun Cheung

        NAME                                 Duration  Total (weeks)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------
     1. Evert       1975-11- ? to 1978-07-09 ~140      ~262 
     2. Navratilova 1978-07-10 to 1979-01-13   26       331
        Evert       1979-01-14 to 1979-01-27    2
        Navratilova 1979-01-28 to 1979-02-24    4
        Evert       1979-02-25 to 1979-04-15    7
        Navratilova 1979-04-16 to 1979-06-24   10
        Evert       1979-06-25 to 1979-09-09   11
        Navratilova 1979-09-10 to 1980-04-06   30
     3. Austin      1980-04-07 to 1980-04-20    2        22
        Navratilova 1980-04-21 to 1980-06-30   10
        Austin      1980-07-01 to 1980-11-17   20
        Evert       1980-11-18 to 1982-05-02   76
        Navratilova 1982-05-03 to 1982-05-16    2
        Evert       1982-05-17 to 1982-06-13    4
        Navratilova 1982-06-14 to 1985-06-09  156
        Evert       1985-06-10 to 1985-10-13   18
        Navratilova 1985-10-14 to 1985-10-27    2
        Evert       1985-10-28 to 1985-11-24    4
        Navratilova 1985-11-25 to 1987-08-16   90
     4. Graf        1987-08-17 to 1991-03-10  186       190+
     5. Seles       1991-03-11 to 1991-08-04   21       113
        Graf        1991-08-05 to 1991-08-11    1
        Seles       1991-08-12 to 1991-08-18    1
        Graf        1991-08-19 to 1991-09-08    3
        Seles       1991-09-09 to 1993-06-06   91
        Graf        1993-06-07 to    ?

    Source: 1994 WTA Media Guide

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 06-12-94                         Msg # 15045  
  To: ALL                              Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: Christopher Smith                Stat: Public
Subj: FAQ for rec.sport.tennis         Read: Yes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
@FROM   :csmith@cc.gatech.edu                                         
@SUBJECT:FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (3/5) - Player Information          
@PACKOUT:06-12-94 Operations                                          
Message-ID: <rst3_771466517@cc.gatech.edu>
Newsgroups: rec.sport.tennis,rec.answers,news.answers
Organization: College of Computing, Georgia Tech

Archive-name: tennis-faq/player-info


                   FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 3 of 5
                             Player Information

   File    Item    Title                                                
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     3     -14-    Grand Slam Winners  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -15-    Grand Slam Event Winners - Open Era . . . . . .  * 
           -16-    Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won . . . .  * 
           -17-    Players - Career Singles Titles . . . . . . . .    
           -18-    Head-to-Head Records  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  * 
           -19-    Pro Racquet, String, and Clothing Info  . . . .    
           -20-    Fan Club Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -14-                   Grand Slam Winners

     The highest achievement in professional tennis is winning the Grand
     Slam, which means winning all four major titles, the Australian Open,
     the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open, in the same calendar
     year.  Therefore, those four tournaments are also called the Grand
     Slam events.

     Following are Grand Slam winners and the year(s) they won the Grand
     Slam:

         Budge         1938             Connolly      1953
         Laver         1962             Court         1970
           "           1969             Graf          1988 *

   * Graf won a "Golden Slam" -- The Grand Slam plus the 1988 Olympic
     Gold Medal.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -15-            Grand Slam Event Winners in the Open Era


  Note: During the late seventies through 1985, the Australian Open was
        held in the month of December.  The Australian Open was held in
        January starting in 1987 and was not held in 1986.

Men
           (Jan.)                                                  (Dec.)
         Australian    French        Wimblebon     US Open       Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994     Sampras       Bruguera
1993     Courier       Bruguera      Sampras       Sampras
1992     Courier       Courier       Agassi        Edberg
1991     Becker        Courier       Stich         Edberg
1990     Lendl         Gomez         Edberg        Sampras
1989     Lendl         Chang         Becker        Becker
1988     Wilander      Wilander      Edberg        Wilander
1987     Edberg        Lendl         Cash          Lendl
1986                   Lendl         Becker        Lendl
1985                   Wilander      Becker        Lendl         Edberg
1984                   Lendl         McEnroe       McEnroe       Wilander
1983                   Noah          McEnroe       Connors       Wilander
1982                   Wilander      Connors       Connors       Kriek
1981                   Borg          McEnroe       McEnroe       Kriek
1980                   Borg          Borg          McEnroe       Teacher
1979                   Borg          Borg          McEnroe       Vilas
1978                   Borg          Borg          Connors       Vilas
1977     Gerulaitis    Vilas         Borg          Vilas         Tanner
1976     Edmondson     Panatta       Borg          Connors
1975     Newcombe      Borg          Ashe          Orantes
1974     Connors       Borg          Connors       Connors
1973     Newcombe      Nastase       Kodes         Newcombe
1972     Rosewall      Gimeno        Smith         Nastase
1971     Rosewall      Kodes         Newcombe      Smith
1970     Ashe          Kodes         Newcombe      Rosewall
1969     Laver         Laver         Laver         Laver / Smith **
1968     B Bowrey      Rosewall      Laver         Ashe / Ashe **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Women
           (Jan.)                                                  (Dec.)
         Australian    French        Wimblebon     US Open       Australian
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994     Graf          Sanchez V.
1993     Seles         Graf          Graf          Graf
1992     Seles         Seles         Graf          Seles
1991     Seles         Seles         Graf          Seles
1990     Graf          Seles         Navratilova   Sabatini
1989     Graf          Sanchez V.    Graf          Graf
1988     Graf          Graf          Graf          Graf
1987     Mandlikova    Graf          Navratilova   Navratilova
1986                   Evert         Navratilova   Navratilova
1985                   Evert         Navratilova   Mandlikova    Navratilova
1984                   Navratilova   Navratilova   Navratilova   Evert
1983                   Evert         Navratilova   Navratilova   Navratilova
1982                   Navratilova   Navratilova   Evert         Evert
1981                   Mandlikova    Evert         Austin        Navratilova
1980                   Evert         Goolagong     Evert         Mandlikova
1979                   Evert         Navratilova   Austin        B Jordan
1978                   Ruzici        Navratilova   Evert         C O'Neil
1977     Goolagong     Jausovec      Wade          Evert         Melville-Reid
1976     Goolagong     S Barker      Evert         Evert
1975     Goolagong     Evert         King          Evert
1974     Goolagong     Evert         Evert         King
1973     Court         Court         King          Court
1972     Wade          King          King          King
1971     Court         Goolagong     Goolagong     King
1970     Court         Court         Court         Court
1969     Court         Court         A Jones       Court / Court **
1968     King          Richey        King          Wade / King **
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  **  US Open had Amateur and Pro tournaments in 1968 and 1969.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -16-  Number of Grand Slam Singles Titles Won (Players playing in Open Era)

    1. Emerson         12 *        1. Court           26
    2. Laver           11          2. Navratilova     18
       Borg            11             Evert           18
    4. Rosewall         8          4. Graf            15
       Connors          8          5. King            12
       Lendl            8          6. Seles            8
    7. Newcombe         7          7. Goolagong        7
       McEnroe          7          8. Mandlikova       4
       Wilander         7          9. Wade             3
   10. Edberg           6         10. Austin           2
                                      Sanchez Vicario  2

    * Didn't win any GS titles in the Open Era.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -17-     Players with Highest Number of Career Singles Titles (Open Era)

                   1. Martina Navratilova       167
                   2. Chris Evert               157
                   3. Jimmy Connors             109
                   4. Ivan Lendl                 94
                   5. Evonne Goolagong           88
                   6. Steffi Graf                85 
                   7. Margaret Court             79
                   8. John McEnroe               77
                   9. Billie Jean King           71
                  10. Bjorn Borg                 62 
                  11. Guillermo Vilas            61
                  12. Ilie Nastase               57
                  13. Virginia Wade              55
                  14. Rod Laver                  47
                  15. Boris Becker               39
                      Stefan Edberg              39  
                  17. Arthur Ashe                33
                      Mats Wilander              33
                      Tracy Austin               33
                  20. Monica Seles               32

    Navratilova officially eclipsed Evert's record by winning title #158
    at the Virginia Slims of Chicago, 1992.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -18-           Head-to-head win-loss records of selected top players

  Women
                    Gra   Sel   San   Nav   Mar   Sab   Fer   Nov   Cap   Hub
                     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10

  1. Graf            *    6-4  23-6   9-9   9-1  26-11 11-0  20-3   9-1   7-0 
 
  2. Seles          4-6    *   11-1  10-7   5-0   9-3  15-1   3-1   5-2   4-0
  3. Sanchez Vic.   6-23  1-11   *    2-13  5-1+  9-12  6-2   4-8   4-3   6-1+
  4. Navratilova    9-9   7-10 13-2    *    1-3  15-5   9-0   7-1   1-1   2-1
  5. Martinez       1-9   0-5   1-5+  3-1    *    4-9   1-1   0-2   1-3   0-4 
  6. Sabatini      11-26  3-9  12-9   5-15  9-4    *   11-10+10-3  10-4   3-1
  7. Fernandez      0-11  1-15  2-6   0-9   1-1  10-11+  *    2-3   0-1   4-2
  8. Novotna        3-20  1-3   8-4   1-7   2-0   3-10  3-2    *    0-0   3-2 
  9. Capriati       1-9   2-5   3-4   1-1   3-1   4-10  1-0   0-0    *    4-0
 10. Huber          0-7   0-4   1-6+  1-2   4-0   1-3   2-4   2-3   0-4    *

  Men
                    Sam    Cou    Edb    Bec    Kor    Iva    Aga    Cha   
Len
                     1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9

  1. Sampras         *    10-3+   5-5    5-3    9-3    2-5    6-4    3-6   
5-2 
  2. Courier        3-10+   *     5-4    1-6    2-1    4-3    6-4    7-5   
0-4
  3. Edberg         5-5    4-5     *    10-21   3-4    6-7    2-4   11-5  
14-13
  4. Becker         3-5    6-1   21-10    *     3-0    6-3    3-7    2-1  
10-11
  5. Korda          3-9    1-3    4-3    0-3     *     2-2    1-5    1-1   
4-1 
  6. Ivanisevic     5-2    3-4    7-6    3-6    2-2     *     2-1    2-0   
1-5
  7. Agassi         4-6    4-6    4-2    7-3    5-1    1-2     *     5-2   
2-5 
  8. Chang          6-3    5-7    5-11   1-2    1-1    0-2    2-5     *    
1-5
  9. Lendl          2-5    4-0   13-14  11-10   1-4    5-1    5-2    5-1     *


  Other Notable Match-Ups

  Lendl-Connors      23-13          Navratilova-Evert       43-37
  Lendl-McEnroe      20-15          Navratilova-Shriver     37-3
  Borg-McEnroe        7-7           Navratilova-Garrison    33-1 
  Krajicek-Edberg     2-1           Navratilova-Sukova      25-5
  Becker-Stich        5-3           Graf-Sukova             21-1  
  Chesnokov-Courier   5-2           Graf-Tauziat            17-0 
  Courier-Stich       5-4           Graf-Zvereva            14-0
  Edberg-Stich        4-6           Graf-Date                4-0 
  Sampras-Stich       3-3+          Graf-Davenport           2-0 
  Ivanisevic-Stich    2-3           Sabatini-Davenport       3-2
  Sampras-Krajicek    1-1           Martinez-Davenport       0-1 
  Forget-Sampras      4-2           Sabatini-Pierce          4-1 
  Ivanisevic-Bruguera 3-3           Graf-Pierce              2-1+     
  Sampras-Bruguera    1-2           Sanchez Vicario-Pierce   4-1+
  Martin-Edberg       3-1+                                       
  Medvedev-Kafelnikov 2-0 
  Stich-Kafelnikov    1-4 

  Ferrando-Seles     1-0
  Walpole-Graf       1-0*
  
  * Graf was 13 at the time of the loss,
    which was in a satellite tournament.
    Seles' loss was at the 1990 US Open.

  + Indicates changes since last FAQ update    

    Changes:             Dusseldorf       RR:  Stich d. Sampras
                         Strasbourg        F:  Fernandez d. Sabatini
                         French Open      4R:  Sanchez Vicario d. Huber
                                          QF:  Courier d. Sampras
                                          SF:  Sanchez Vicario d. Martinez
                                               Pierce d. Graf
                                           F:  Sanchez Vicario d. Pierce
                         Queen's Club     QF:  Martin d. Edberg

  Head-to-head records include regular tournaments, Davis Cup, the World
  Team Cup, etc., but NOT exhibitions and the Grand Slam Cup.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -19-      Pro Tennis Players' Racquet, String, and Clothing Information

                       Compiled by Natasha Austria
                        Last Modified: 21 May 94

                       G = gut
                       S = synthetic
                      MP = mid plus
                      OS = oversize
                   xx/yy = mains (ver)/cross (hor)
                     n/a = info not available

Note about string tensions: many of the players do not stick with one
tension, & often vary them depending on playing surface, weather, etc.
"xx-yy" is the estimated tension RANGE in which a given player is known to
have their racquets strung.  String tensions are in pounds (lb.)

Though most are, not all players are necessarily contracted with the
company(s) manufacturing their equipment (particularly strings) or their
clothing/shoes.

The following are from the most recent sources I could find, but my apologies
for any gross errors. :-)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Racquet                 String         Tension  Clothing/Shoes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agassi       Head Radical Trisys 260 Babolat(G)       75     Nike
Aresse       Dunlop                    n/a            n/a    Karlhy
Becker       Estusa Pro Vantage      Babolat(G)      64-66   Lotto
Boetsch      Head Prestige Classic     n/a            n/a    Lacoste
Bruguera     Yonex                   Tecnifibre(S)   51/46   Sergio Tacchini
Chang        Prince Graphite Pro     Babolat(G)      55-59   Reebok
Cherkasov    Volkl TR25              various         62-70   Ellesse
Chesnokov    Volkl                     n/a            n/a    Nike
Connors      Prince                  Babolat(G)      48-55   n/a
Costa        Rossignol FT 6.80       Polystar         64     Fila
Courier      Wilson ProStaff Tour    Gosen(G)        60-66   Nike
               Classic 6.6
Edberg       Wilson ProStaff Classic Bow Brand(G)    53-63   Adidas
Ferreira     Dunlop Revelation       Tecnifibre(S)   68-74   Fila
Forget       Lacoste Equijet         Babolat(G)      49-64   Lacoste
B Gilbert    Fox                     various         56-61   Spaulding/Nike
Goellner     Head Prestige Tour 600    n/a            n/a    Reebok
Gustafsson   Fischer Vacuum Pro MP   Prince(S)       59-62   Reebok
Hlasek       Fischer                 Babolat(G)      57/55   Le Coq Sportif
Holm         Dunlop Revelation Pro 90  n/a            n/a    Asics
Ivanisevic   Head Prestige Pro       Babolat(G)      48-62   L'Alpine/Diadora
Kafelnikov   Fisher                                          Lotto
Korda        Volkl                   Tecnifibre(S)   50-55   Ellesse/Nike
Krajicek     Wilson ProStaff Classic Babolat(G)       53     Nike
Krickstein   Yonex                     n/a            n/a    Ellesse/Asics
Larsson      Prince CTS Precision MP   n/a            n/a    Reebok
Leconte      Fischer                   n/a            n/a    Lacoste
Lendl        Mizuno IL-F302Z         Babolat(G)      62-72   Mizuno
Mancini      Head                    Babolat(G)       53     Lotto
Mansdorf     Head Prestige Classic   Babolat(G)      53-57   Diadora
Martin       Wilson ProStaff 4.5psi    n/a            n/a    Reebok
Masur        Fischer Vacuum Pro Mid    n/a            n/a    Reebok
McEnroe      Dunlop Revelation         n/a            n/a    Nike
Medvedev     Prince                    n/a            n/a    Fila
Muster       Head Prestige Pro         n/a            n/a    Lotto
Novacek      Puma                    Puma(S)         68/66   Puma
Pioline      Donnay                    n/a            n/a    Nike
Rosset       Head Prestige Classic     n/a            n/a    Diadora
Sampras      Wilson ProStaff         Babolat(G)      52-66   Sergio Tacchini
E Sanchez    Head Prestige Classic   Babolat(G)      53/51   Reebok
Santoro      Dunlop                    n/a            n/a    Lacoste
Steeb        Fischer                   n/a            n/a    Nike
Stich        Fischer Vacuum Pro Mid  Babolat(G)      52-59   Reebok
Volkov       Volkl                   Babolat(G)       64     Reebok
Washington   Yonex RD-7                n/a            n/a    Reebok
Wheaton      Head Graphite Pro       Babolat(G)      48-55   Nike
Woodbridge   Wilson Ultra            Wilson(G)       71-73   Diadora
Woodforde    Snauwaert HL-10         Polystar        86-92   Reebok
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Appelmans    Pro Kennex Keron        Babolat(G)       55     Fila/Nike
               Destiny
Basuki       Wilson ProStaff Classic Rucanor(S)       51       n/a
Capriati*    Prince CTS Synergy 26   Babolat(G)       66     Diadora
               DB Mid
Cecchini     Miller Konika Reverse   Tecnifibre       55     Diadora
Coetzer      Prince Graph.Lite XB110 Prince(S)        62     Nike
Date         Yonex RD-8              Babolat(G)       48     Yonex
Davenport    Wilson ProStaff 4.5       n/a            n/a    Nike
Fendick      Wilson ProStaff Cl. 95  Wilson(G)        64     Avia
G Fernandez  Yonex RD-7              Babolat(G)       66     Avia
M Fernandez  Mizuno Pro MV Midplus   Babolat(G)      63-66   Nike
Frazier      Mizuno Pro 8.9          Prince(S)        68     Avia
Garrison-J   Yonex Cyborg 2700       Babolat(G)       57     Reebok
Graf         Wilson ProStaff Lite Cl Babolat(G)      59-64   Adidas
Hack         Prince Graph.II OS      Prince(S)        64     Sergio Tacchini
Halard       Major Expert            Tecnifibre(S)    55     Lacoste/Nike
Huber        Yonex RQ-380            Babolat(G)       62     Ellesse/Nike
Hy           Wilson ProStaff 5.5     Polystar(S)      64     Sergio Tacchini
Majoli       Prince Graph. II OS     Babolat(G)/     59/57   Reebok
                                     Prince(S)
K Maleeva    Rossignol Vectris 8000  Babolat(G)      64/59   Isostar/Reebok
M Maleeva    Rossignol Vectris 8000  Babolat(G)      64/59   Reebok
Maleeva-Fra  Wilson Profile 3.0      Babolat(G)      66/64   Diadora
               Aire Shell
Martinez     Donnay                  Tecnifibre(S)   55/53   Kelme
McNeil       Prince Synergy DB26     Babolat(G)       68     Reebok
Meskhi       Prince CTS Synergy 26   Babolat(G)       60.5   Prince
               DB Mid
Navratilova  Yonex RD-7              Babolat(G)       70     Lotto
Neiland      Rossignol FT 6.80       Babolat(G)       66     Ellesse
Novotna      Prince Graph.II MP      Babolat(G)      57/53   Prince
Oremans      Wilson ProStaff Classic    n/a          n/a     Australian/Nike
Pierce       Wilson ProStaff Mid     Tecnifibre(S)    59     Nike
Provis       Wilson ProStaff Classic Wilson(G)        70     Lacoste/Dunlop
Raymond      Prince Graphite Mid     Prince(S)        77     Reebok
Rittner      Wilson ProStaff Cl 95   Wilson(G)       57/55   Ellesse
Rottier      Prince CTS Synergy      Prince(S)        53       n/a
               26 DB
Sabatini     Yamaha Secret EX-110    Rucanor(S)       66     Sergio Tacchini
Sanchez-V    Slazenger Silhouette 95 Babolat(G)      64/62   Reebok
Sawamatsu    Dunlop Max 200G Pro     Pacific(G)       33     Lacoste/Asics
Schultz      Yonex                   Gamma(G)         62     Lotto
Seles        Yonex RQ-380            Tecnifibre(S)   77-83   Fila
Shriver      Yonex RD-7              Yonex(S)         75     Yonex
Sukova       Mizuno EXPZ MP          Babolat(G)      55/53   Isostar/Nike
Tauziat      Pro Kennex Asymmetric265Babolat(G)      55/53   Lacoste/Nike
Wiesner      Fischer Vacuum Pro MP   Babolat(G)      57/55   Reebok
Zrubakova    Miller Konika Pro       Babolat(G)       53     Avia
Zvereva      Yonex RQ-180            Yonex(G)        72-75   Lotto
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* Recently, Prince and Diadora terminated their contracts with Capriati
  in wake of the drug charge against her.

Sources
Equipment: tennis magazin (Germany), Tennis Magazine (France),
  USRSA (US Racquet Stringers Assoc.), Tennis (USA), Tennis Week (USA)
Clothing: Tennis Week (USA), personal observation :-)



 -20-                    Fan Club Information

Most of the following Fan Club information has been contributed by Jimmy
Lim (jlim@tartarus.uwa.edu.au).  In the future, those who wish to provide
additions or updates to this list should try to provide just ONE
international address, if possible.  Otherwise, the list will grow too
long.  Thanks.

ANDRE AGASSI :

   Andre Agassi Fan Club
   - c/o Rita Agassi, PO Box 8088, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119, USA
   - c/o Denise Kimble, 227 Henley Rd, Caversham, Reading RG4 OLJ, UK
   - c/o U.E.C., Via R.Lanciani, 00162 Rome, Italy
   - Casella Postale 7228, 00100 Rome Nomentano, Italy

BORIS BECKER :

   Boris Becker Fan Club
   - c/o Randy Pagel, PO Box 1491, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54902, USA
   - c/o J.Bramfitt, The Attic Flat, 29 Liverpool Road, Chester CH2 1AB, UK
   - c/o Silvia Keersten, Dussel 65, D-40219 Dusseldorf 1, Germany
   - Bum Bum Club, c/o Manuela Corsini, Lungarno Buozzi 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy

JENNIFER CAPRIATI :

   Jennifer Capriati Fan Club
   - c/o Lorenzo Rapetti, via Melchiorre Gioia 133, 20125 Milan, Italy

STEFAN EDBERG :

   Stefan Edberg Fan Club
   - 122 Fountainbleu Drive, Shreveport, Louisiana 71115, USA
   - c/o Claudia Niesporek, Heidelberg str. 26,  D-68782 Bruhl, Germany
   - c/o Brigitte Sandfort, Westerwaldstrabe 63, D-46145 Oberhausen 11,
Germany
   - Stefanello's Club, c/o Santochirico Nunzia, Via del Sanniti 5,
        75100 Matera, Italy

STEFFI GRAF:

   Steffi Graf Fan Club
   - c/o Michael Giesinger, Lm Schletter 2, A-6844 Altach, Austria
   - c/o Furloni Clemens, Via Ugo Foscolo 28, 25040 Cividate Camuno (Bs),
Italy

   Steffi Graf International Supporters' Club
   --
   Jackie Tanner, 12108 Stoney Spur, San Antonio, TX  78247-3439, USA
   Chris Skelton, 308-2077 Prospect St, Burlington, Ontario L7R 1Z4, Canada
   Peter Burton, 6 Kershope Close, Goldington, Bedford MK41 OAQ, UK
   Tony Rowe, 1/111 Nepean Street, Greensborough, Victoria 3088, Australia
   Anke Rossol, OT Gadenstedt, Meierstrasse 8, D-31246 Lahstedt, Germany

HENRI LECONTE :

   Henri Leconte Fan Club, c/o Daniela Franke, Seyboldstr. 9A,
        2050 Hamburg, Germany

IVAN LENDL :

   Ivan Lendl Italian Fans' Club, c/o Claire Cena, Via Don Minzoni 47,
        41043 Formigine (Mo)

THOMAS MUSTER :

   Thomas Muster Fan Club, c/o Giovanna Gaudio, via Galieno 46,
        80053 c/Stabia (Na),  Italy

GABRIELA SABATINI:

   Gabriela Sabatini Fan Club; App. Int. 14, Suc. 27; 1427 Buenos Aires;
        Argentina

MONICA SELES :

   European Fan Club of Monica Seles (EFCMS):
       Olivier Ferrando (President of EFCMS); 26 rue des Lilas, F-06 100;
       Nice, France

TOOD WOODBRIDGE:

   Official Todd Woodbridge Fan Club, 4 Chaplin St, Stafford Heights,
        Qld 4053, Australia

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 06-12-94                         Msg # 15047  
  To: ALL                              Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: Christopher Smith                Stat: Public
Subj: FAQ for rec.sport.tennis         Read: Yes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
@FROM   :csmith@cc.gatech.edu                                         
@SUBJECT:FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (4/5) - Equipment                   
@PACKOUT:06-12-94 Operations                                          
Message-ID: <rst4_771466517@cc.gatech.edu>
Newsgroups: rec.sport.tennis,rec.answers,news.answers
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                FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 4 of 5

                      Table of Contents - File 4

   File    Item    Title
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     4     -21-    Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider .   
           -22-    Explanation of Racquet Grips  . . . . . . . . .   
           -23-    Racquet Stringing Information . . . . . . . . .   
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -21-        Buying a Tennis Racquet -- Issues to Consider

(This section is a condensed version of an article originally posted by
Charles Lin, clin@eng.umd.edu - modified by csmith@cc.gatech.edu).

The following article discusses various criteria individuals may want
to examine when considering buying a new tennis racquet.  The following
topics are covered:

    + Price
    + Where to buy (mail order vs. local store)
    + Racquet size
    + Flexibility
    + Racquet material
    + Vibration dampening
    + Racquet strings and stringing
    + Grips
    + Head balance
    + Weight


   If you are looking for a racquet, the short advice is to hit with as
many racquets as you can, and pick the one you like best.  Like anything,
choosing racquets is a highly subjective decision, and you will get
pickier as you get better in tennis.   As a beginner, you may not have
as much information as you would like.   This article summarizes issues
you should think about when buying a racquet.

   Price
   -----

   Racquets range anywhere from 30 US dollars all the way up to 250 US
dollars and more.  They may roughly be divided into two classes - those
costing $90 US or less, and those costing more than $90 US.  Generally,
a reasonable racquet will cost at least $90 US (not on sale).  Most
racquets in this price range are made of graphite material or a graphite
composite.  A few inexpensive racquets may be composed of a metallic
material such as aluminum.  Usually the more expensive racquets (200 to
300 US dollars) will have fancier features, but a less expensive model
may well suit your needs.

    Mail order or not
    -----------------

    Should you mail order or not?   The main advantage of mail order is
cost savings and more selection variety.  Disadvantages: (1) you might get
ripped off; (2) no-return policies; (3) you can't play-test the racquet
before buying.  If you do choose to mail order, you may want to call the
Better Business Bureau (in the US) in the city where the company operates
from to see what kinds of complaints you get.

     Buying from sports stores allows you to take the racquet home right
away.  You may be able to come close to a mail-order price if you find the
racquet you want on sale.  You can sometimes get discontinued racquets at
great prices.  Also, you can usually return the racquet if not satisfied.

    Size of racquet
    ---------------

    The "racquet size" refers to the area bounded by the oval part of the
racquet frame (the racquet head).  Sizes may be roughly divided into four
categories:

    + Standard (approx 66 sq. inches -- the old wood racquets)
    + Midsize (80-90 sq. inches)
    + "Mid-overs" or "Mid-plus" (95-105 sq. inches)
    + Oversize (Approx 110 sq. inches)

    (1 square inch = 6.452 square cm)

    You can no longer find the standard size racquets which are the old
wooden racquets of the past.   Ever since Pam Shriver and others started
using larger-sized racquets, other pros and amateurs have made the switch.

     What does size mean to you?   An oversized racquet means you have
more area to hit the ball, and the racquet is more forgiving on off-center
shots.  Many baseliners use oversize racquets because they hit many strokes
and tend to utilize the extra area to help with topspin production.  These
racquets can lead to sloppy stroke production and can be too powerful for
some players.  This is usually not a big problem for most players.

    A midsize racquet is usually a little better for volleyers who play
against hard hitters because it provides a bit of control.  On the other
hand, the oversized racquet still provides more area to hit with, and
some serve and volleyers will use oversized racquets.

     The mid-over is a compromise -- more powerful than the midsize but
not as powerful as the oversized.  These racquets are becoming more popular
than midsize racquets.  Some companies have introduced super-oversized
models, which are a bit larger than oversize (typically about 115-120
sq. in.).  There are even a few models around 130 sq. inches, which are
probably much too big for reasonable play and should be avoided.  The
best way to determine the right size for you is to play-test with the
different sizes.  There are a great number and variety of mid-over and
oversize models to choose from.

    Widebodies
    ----------

    The "widebody revolution" started in the late 80's with models such
as the Wilson Profile.  Different companies have produced various racquets
that vary in their widebody construction (e.g., equally wide - Classic
Beam; wide on top - Prince; wide on bottom - Head).

     Generally,  Wider -> More powerful, stiffer, more expensive. Wide-
bodies are usually 18mm (very narrow) up to 30mm wide.  The general rule
of thumb is that the quicker and longer a stroke motion you have, the
narrower a racquet you should use (not a hard-and-fast rule, though).

     It should be noted that you are not going to find non-widebodies
around.  Almost every racquet is wide to some extent.  One problem with
widebodies occurs when people try to hit the ball edge on as in extreme
sliced shots or topspin shots.  You tend to hit the side of the racquet
a lot more.  You can compensate through a bit of practice.


    Stiff or flexible
    -----------------

    Stiff racquets bend and torque a lot less than flexible racquets and
thus usually generate more power.  Stiff racquets will also produce a bit
more accuracy than a flexible racquet because they twist less on impact so
the response is more predictable.  Primarily though, flexibility translates
to comfort.  Stiff racquets tend to be more uncomfortable (i.e., produce
more shock to the arm) than flexible racquets.   The widebodies all tend
to be fairly stiff racquets though many of these racquets now have some
kind of dampening system (see Vibration Dampening below).

    Material
    --------

    Racquets are usually composed of graphite and metal.  There are no
racquets made of wood being made today.   Ceramic racquets, which used to
be made, are reported too brittle and are more likely to break than graphite
racquets.  Almost all metal racquets are junior sized racquets or lower
priced racquets.   Graphite racquets are sometimes combined with other
materials such as fiberglass to affect the flexibility.  Generally, if
you want to play "seriously", you choose graphite.  The graphite racquets
tend to have better vibration technology than metal.

   Vibration dampening
   -------------------

   Vibration dampening appears to be the current industry fad (e.g., Head -
Vibrasorb, Dunlop - ISIS, Prince - liquid crystal polymers).  The method
for dampening a racquet's vibration is provided either in the material of
the racquet, the material underneath the grip, or some method of "isolating"
the head of the racquet with the body.  Vibration dampening affects the
"feel" of a racquet by alleviating the "shock" of ball impact and can help
alleviate a common cause of tennis elbow (improper stroke production is
another cause).

   You can also buy vibration dampeners which can be sponge inserts,
plastic inserts, or you can even tie a rubber band to the racquet like
Agassi.   These dampeners probably work, but it's a matter a personal
judgment as to whether you need these devices.

    Strings
    -------

    Basically there are three kinds of strings you can get: (1) Nylon,
(2) Gut, and (3) Synthetic Gut.   Nylon is cheap and durable, but it is
not overly resilient and tends to lose tension before it snaps.  Gut is
the choice of many pros, but it is rather expensive and generally not
recommended unless you can afford to buy in bulk and have your own
stringing machine.  Gut strings are resilient, hold tension better, and
players like the feel better.   However, humidity affects the strings
and cause them to degrade.  Gut doesn't last as long as nylon.

     The compromise is synthetic strings.   Basically, gut is made by long
thin strands of cow or sheep gut, and it is twisted together in much the
same way twine or string is made.  Synthetic gut does the same thing with
nylon strings to achieve the same effect.   They cost more than nylon but
less than real gut.  They play and hold tension better than nylon.

    Strings come in various thicknesses, called "gauges." You have 15, 15L,
16, 16L, and 17.  Larger numbers mean thinner strings.  "L" means light and
can be thought of as half as size (so 15L can be considered 15 1/2).
Thick strings have less resilience and feel than thin strings but last
longer.

    So-called "topspin" strings are mostly gimmicky and should probably be
avoided.  These are rough surfaced strings designed to grab the ball better.
The feel or durability of the strings are not necessarily improved.

    Cost of strings range from about $8 (US) for nylon to $12-$30 for
synthetic gut to $30-$35 for gut strings.  Strings can be purchased in
large reels for stringing at home for less.


    String snapping
    ---------------

    The main cause of strings breaking is excessive spin.  If you play
with lots of spin, you cause the strings to slide.  Under the tensions
these strings are under, this causes notches which you can actually see.
The notches eventually break.  The harder you hit, and the more spin you
hit, the more likely the strings will break sooner.

    One way to avoid this problem (or at least prolong string life) is to
use inserts called "String-a-lings" that prevent the strings from sliding
too much.   You can place this device at points where the string crosses.
Another possibility is to use thicker strings or to string at a higher
tension (next section).  Higher tensions means less string sliding but
can mean a greater likelihood that a string will snap (because of higher
tensile pressure).

    String tension
    --------------

    Note: 1 pound (lb) = 0.448 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 4.39 Newtons

    String tension is usually measured in pounds (in the US).  Recommended
string tensions have varied with the times but these days usually run in the
range of the mid 60's (pounds) for oversize and high 50's to low 60's for
mid-overs.

    How do you choose a tension?   If you're unsure, choose a tension that
is halfway between the manufacturer's ranges.  You can then adjust up or
down until you find the tension most suitable for you.  Exceeding the
limits of manufacturer's recommended string tensions might void the
racquet warranty (check with the racquet company if you have questions),
but most racquets can withstand a great range of tensions before damage
sets in.  Higher tensions will probably cause a little more damage than
lower tensions.

    Basically, higher tensions decrease the size of the sweetspot and
reduce the power (thus increasing control a bit).  The higher the tension,
the more boardlike the feel.  Some people like this.  Desired tension is
pretty much a matter of personal taste, and as you improve the level of
your game, you are apt to notice small fluctuations in string tensions.
Also note that the same string tension will have a different "feel" for
different racquets.

    Overwraps
    ---------

    Most racquet grips used to be made of leather and would become hard to
grip when the pores became clogged with dirt from your sweat.  A solution
to this problem is the use of an overgrip.  Overgrips are *temporary* grips,
and it is not recommended that you attempt to actually replace a racquet's
existing grip.

    Overgrips fit over the existing grip (and thus increase the grip size
a bit - see next section) and absorb the sweat better.  Some overgrips are
"tacky" or sticky.  Some are even essentially gauze with tape and some
sticky powder.   They should be replaced about every five times of playing
or sooner.   Otherwise, they get a little icky.   Some overgrips feel
rubbery, others cloth like, others a bit powdery.  They are about 5 US
dollars for a set of three.

     Nowadays there are synthetic grips which are much easier to grip than
leather, thus possibly removing the need for overgrips.

    Replacement Grips
    -----------------

    Replacement grips are meant to replace the original (leather or
synthetic) grip that your racquet came with.   Typically, this requires
someone with experience to do this for you.   Replacing a grip requires
more skill than using overwraps.   Replacement grips should cost less
than 20 US dollars.

    Grip size
    ---------

    There are, generally speaking, three basic grip sizes: 4 3/8, 4 1/2,
and 4 5/8 inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm).  Despite the 1/8 inch difference in
circumference, you can really notice the difference.  A general rule of
thumb is to choose the largest grip you feel comfortable with, but again
there are exceptions to every rule.  In some cases you might can obtain
grip sizes as diverse as 4 1/8 or 4 7/8 inches through a mail order company
or a local pro shop.

    Head balance
    ------------

    Take a racquet and find the length half way.  A racquet is typically
27 inches long so this is 13 1/2 inches.  If the racquet balances halfway,
then it is even balance.  If it tilts to the racquet head, it is head heavy.
If it tilts toward the handle, it is head light.    The balance of a racquet
can make two racquets of equal weight feel different.  The head heavy
racquet will feel heavier than the lighter one when you swing (think of
the difference in holding a hammer at either end).

    A head light racquet is better for serve and volleyers who need to
move the racquet quickly.   A head heavy racquet is a little better for
baseliners who want to place more mass behind the racquet.  Most racquets
are only marginally head heavy or head light.

    Some terminology.  Find the half way point (13 1/2 inches).  If the
balance point of your racquet is 3/8 inch closer to the racquet head than
the halfway point, then it is 3 points head heavy (1 point = 1/8 inch).
If the racquet balances 3/8 inch closer to the handle, then is is 3 point
head light.

    Weight
    ------

    As a rule, the trend in weight is toward lighter and lighter racquets,
particularly with the introduction of graphite.  Racquets right now weigh
about 11 and 1/2 ounces and decreasing with time.  Some racquets are even
less than 10 ounces.  The lighter a racquet, the easier it is to swing.
However, light racquets place less weight behind the shot, and hence you
have to swing faster to get a more powerful shot.   This has been the main
way (along with balance) to tame the power of widebodies.

    Conclusion
    ----------

    This discussion is not meant to provide you with the method for selecting
your racquet, rather to present the various issues you will confront as you
make your choice.  Good luck with the racquet hunt.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -22-               Explanation of Racquet Grips

(This material provided by Charles Lin, clin@eng.umd.edu, and modified by 
csmith@cc.gatech.edu.)

   It is a bit difficult to explain the various racquet grips without a
little "show and tell," so to speak, but the following discussion may be
of help to beginners or players who are experimenting with racquet grips.
Some diagrams to help with the discussion:

   Here's two views of a racquet, with numbered labels shown which are
referred to in discussions below.

                     ---------
                    /   1     \                           _______
     View from     / 8       2 \                 grip    /       \
      bottom      /             \            1__________/ racquet \
      ------      |             |            |__________    face   |
     racquet      | 7        3  |            5          \         /
       butt       |             |                        \_______/
                  \             /
                   \ 6       4 /        "Face-On" view... racquet face is
                    \   5     /         in the same plane as imaginary
                     --------           line connecting sides 1 and 5.



    The grips are explained below by relating the knuckle of the index
finger to the relative racquet butt position the knuckle lines up over.
In other words, to obtain a certain grip, place the index knuckle on
the indicated butt edge and then slide your hand upward on the racquet
grip.  In case there's any confusion, here's a diagram of the (right)
index finger:


   thumb (located about here)
         --
            -
              \ ----------------------------------
                            |           |     --- \
               X           |||          |    |   | |   (first finger)
                            |           |     --- /
                ----------------------------------

     "X" marks the bottom of the knuckle.   Imagine that you are making a
fist, and staring at the knuckles.   X is the location where this bend
would occur on the first finger.

     Summary of locations (refer to racquet butt diagram for positions)
     --------------------
     1     Eastern backhand
    1-2    Continental
     2     Eastern forehand
    2-3    Semi-Western
     4     Western
     5     Exaggerated Western  (note this is also the Eastern
                                 backhand)

     The plain numbers like 1, 2, 3 refer to the flat portions of the grip
while the 2-3 refer to the corner.  Place the bottom knuckle of the first
finger of your right hand to get the desired results.  Left handers need
to number 1 through 8 counter-clockwise rather than clockwise, and the
locations should still hold.

   Description of grips
   --------------------

      Eastern forehand grip
      ---------------------

      This is the grip that is considered the classical forehand grip and
is taught mostly in English speaking countries such as the US.  It is also
called the shake-hands grip because you should be able to shake hands with
the racquet (assume the racquet is lying on the floor on its edge).  The
grip should also let you hit a ball that is about waist high and a little
in front of you with a "relaxed" grip, and this grip should leave the face
of the racquet perpendicular to the plane of the ground.

      You can hit flat, moderate topspin, to moderately heavy topspin with
this grip.  While it is rare to use this grip for serving, it can be used.
It's pretty good for flat serves, but you need to work at it more to
produce spin shots.

      For the remainder of this article, this grip will be referred to as
the "conventional position."

      Eastern backhand grip
      ---------------------

      This grip allows you to place more of your palm behind the racquet
which gives the racquet more stability than using the Eastern forehand
grip.  This grip is also commonly taught.   If you hit the ball a little
more in front of you than when you hit the forehand shot (hitting the
backhand "properly" usually requires hitting the ball a little more in
front than the forehand), and the ball is at waist height, then you will
be able to hit the ball with a relaxed grip with the plane of the racquet
perpendicular to the ground.

      The Eastern backhand grip is often used for serving.  It feels
awkward at first, but allows for serving with slice (since it feels like
hitting the ball edge on initially).

      Continental grip
      ----------------

      The continental grip is halfway between the Eastern forehand grip
and the Eastern backhand grip and used to be much more popular (in the
1960's) than it is now.   The advantages are that you can use one grip
for the forehand and backhand.  This is especially useful when volleying
when you require fast reflexes and don't have time to switch grips.  The
disadvantage is that the grip is more "open" on the forehand side than
the Eastern backhand grip.  In other words, grip to the "conventional
position".   Then, switch to a Continental grip.   The racquet should
tilt upwards slightly.

      If you're still not sure what an "open" position is, try the
following exercise:  sit at a desk, turn left so that the desk is on your
right-hand side, and place your right hand on and perpendicular to the
desk (as if you were going to do a karate chop).  Tilt your hand a bit
upward so that the palm faces upward.  Imagining that your palm is the
racquet face, this is an "open" racquet position.  If you tilt your hand
the other way so that the palm aims downward, you'll have a closed or
more closed position.  The more "open" the racquet face is, the more "up"
it points, and vice versa.

      The Continental grip is useful for hitting late forehand shots
because it allows you to hit late shots with a more perpendicular face.
Note that the "idealness" of a grip (i.e., hitting it with a perpendicular
face) depends on the location of where you hit the ball.   The Eastern
forehand and backhand grip are best for waist-high shots hit just a little
in front of the body.

      This grip is also used for serving for similar reason to the Eastern
backhand.

      Western (forehand) grip
      -----------------------

      This is known as the frying-pan grip.   Imagine you lay the racquet
down flat as if it were a frying pan.   Lift it up.   This grip should
be pretty close to the Western forehand grip.   Repopularized by Borg,
this is the grip of most players who like to hit with a lot of topspin
(though Connors uses this grip and he hits it flat).   In the conventional
position, the Western forehand grip would almost be faced down (parallel to
the ground).

      You can hit with a perpendicular face if the ball is near shoulder
height and a bit in front, or if the wrist and arm is contorted.   The
act of changing from a closed position to the perpendicular position in
a smooth upward stroke helps to produce topspin.   The grip plays one
role in hitting topspin, but it is not the most crucial part.   You can
hit topspin with a Continental grip too, but most people hit it with a
Western grip.

      Semi-Western (forehand grip)
      ----------------------------

      This grip is about halfway between a Eastern forehand and a Western
forehand.   If you used the conventional position, the racquet would be at
about a 45 degree angle faced down.  It's halfway being perpendicular and
being parallel to the ground.   A lot of self taught players use this grip.
Often players with big forehands use this grip (though Eastern and Western
grips will both work).

     Exaggerated Western (forehand grip)
     ----------------------------------

     This is a pretty awkward grip.  It is more clockwise than the Western
grip, and you can use the same face to hit a backhand too.   Note that most
people hit forehands and backhands with both sides of the racquet.  The
exaggerated Western forehand grip meant for those who want excessive
topspin and the grip that goes with it.

     Two handed backhand grip
     ------------------------

     Typically, you use an Eastern backhand grip for the right hand (for
a right hander) and a left-handed (using the adjustment in the diagram
mentioned above) Eastern forehand grip for the left hand.   This allows
you to remove the left hand if needed to hit the backhand, and hit it one-
handed.    Some players use a forehand grip with the right hand, and the
left hand is a left-handed forehand grip.   This makes it easier to hit
returns of serves, since the left hand can be removed and a conventional
forehand hit, but is a little more difficult for hitting a one-handed
shot.

      A final note
      ------------

      Although these grips are associated with certain styles of play
(Eastern and Continental for flat forehands.  Western for topspin forehands),
there are players who use these grips for other styles (Lendl and Sampras
hit Eastern forehands but with topspin.  Connors hits flat Western forehands.
Martina and Rod Laver hit topspin forehands with Continental grips).  The
basic rule of thumb is this, though.   Given a "relaxed" grip, the idea
position for a Eastern forehand is waist high, a little in front.  The ideal
Continental position is a little late or a little behind you.   The ideal
Western is a bit more in front and about shoulder height.   However, with
the Western and Continental grips, there is usually a compensation by the
person so that one does not use a "relaxed" position, but still hits with
a perpendicular face.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -23-                 Racquet Stringing Information

[The following writeup was provided by Dan Simoes (dans@ans.net).  Followups,
suggestions, requests, etc., about this article should be addressed to him.]

A brief summary of what you need to know:

- stringing can be done by mere mortals

- it's not as easy as it looks

- you can break your frame(s) if
  a) you make a big mistake (not clamped right)
  b) you have a cheap machine and it breaks (TR Stringer)

- there are no learn to string books that I know of.  You might
  get chummy with a local stringer in a pro shop, and ask him
  to teach you for free, for money or for beer :)

- you should join the US Racquet Stringers Association, they
  provide a big manual with all the patterns you could ever
  dream of, good technique tips, and regular updates, as well as
  discounts and sometimes freebies.  Call them at 619 481 3545.
  Oh, join before you buy a machine - you will find the Stringer's
  Updates are an excellent source for used machines.

- The Klippermate is an excellent choice for a personal stringer.
  It is sturdy, well built, relatively easy to use (for a tabletop)
  and well worth the price.  As far as tabletops go, I would
  hesitate to spend more - I own one myself.  The 2 point mounting
  system used on the Klippermate is perfectly acceptable, and
  according to them, is better than a 4 or 6 point.  The next step
  up would be a used upright like an Ektelon or a Winn Pro, for
  around $500 or so, if you have the space and need the speed
  advantage - you can string quicker with an upright.
  You will find an ad for the Klippermate and many other similar
  machines in the back of Tennis magazine.


Q: How do I become a 'certified stringer?'

A: By the USRSA (US Racquet Stringers Association).
   There are actually 2 types:

   - USRSA Certified: anyone can get this if you pass the test
   - USRSA CRT (Certified Racquet Technician)
     You must belong to an established shop where stringing is
     performed, and you must pass a (harder) test.
     The CRT designation was created to add credibility to the
     stringers who work at shops and therefore charge extra, as
     opposed to home-based stringers (like me) who string on
     the kitchen table and have no overhead.
    
     You can contact the USRSA at (619) 481-3545.


Q: In a tabletop stringer, such as the Klippermate, is there any
   advantage to a 6 clamp mounting system as opposed to a 2 point?

A: According to Klippermate, no.  Even with upright models you will
   find differences in the way frames are mounted.  The Winn Pro,
   for example, uses a 2 point mounting system with lateral support.
   The 2 point system used on the Klippermate works fine, and
   according to Klipspringer is a better method.  It's sort of
   like the debate over front vs. rear wheel drive...
   No matter what system you use, make sure your clamps are tight
   or it won't matter how many mount points there are :).



I guess this is a good start to a FAQ - please let me know what
else you'd like to see, and I'll add it in.



------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: 06-12-94                         Msg # 15049  
  To: ALL                              Conf: (2120) news.answers
From: Christopher Smith                Stat: Public
Subj: FAQ for rec.sport.tennis         Read: Yes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
@FROM   :csmith@cc.gatech.edu                                         
@SUBJECT:FAQ for rec.sport.tennis (5/5) - Miscellaneous               
@PACKOUT:06-12-94ublic                                                
Message-ID: <rst5_771466517@cc.gatech.edu>
Newsgroups: rec.sport.tennis,rec.answers,news.answers
Organization: College of Computing, Georgia Tech

Archive-name: tennis-faq/miscellaneous


                FAQ for rec.sport.tennis -- File 5 of 5

                      Table of Contents - File 5

   File    Item    Title                                                 
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     5     -24-    Common Pro Tennis Acronyms  . . . . . . . . . .   
           -25-    Professional Tournament Seeding . . . . . . . .    
           -26-    TeamTennis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
           -27-    USTA Self Rating System . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -28-    Tennis Tie-Break Rules  . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -29-    Dimensions of a Tennis Court  . . . . . . . . .   
           -30-    Origin of Scoring System in Tennis  . . . . . .    
           -31-    USTA Rules and Code On-Line . . . . . . . . . .    
           -32-    ATP and WTA Media Guides  . . . . . . . . . . .   
           -33-    Addresses of TV and Tennis Organizations  . . .    
           -34-    Ticket Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   
           -35-    Tennis Media Reference Guide  . . . . . . . . .   

           -A1-    How to Obtain the FAQ via FTP . . . . . . . . .    
           -A2-    Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
           -A3-    Send comments to... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    
   ---------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -24-                Common Pro Tennis Acronyms

The following are some of the acronyms you may see in a discussion of pro
tennis and their meanings:

    ATP - Association of Tennis Professionals - a "player's union"
          (men's tennis) that runs the tour outside of the Grand
          Slams, Grand Slam Cup, and Davis Cup.  The ATP is headed
          by Mark Miles.

    WTA - Women's Tennis Association - an association in women's
          tennis that is similar to the ATP but is not as strong
          politically as the ATP.  Gerry Smith is currently the
          chief executive officer of the WTA, although he intends
          to step down in 1994.  As of 1994 the WTA is officially
          known as the WTA Tour Players Association.

    WTC - Women's Tennis Council - A board comprised of executive
          types from the WTA (4), directors of women's tournaments
          (4), and the ITF (see below - 2), that carries a lot of
          weight in the organization and politics of women's tennis.
          There is no equivalent in the men's game (although there
          used to be).

    ITF - International Tennis Federation - the body that oversees
          the Grand Slams, Grand Slam Cup, Davis & Federation Cup,
          and the Olympics.


    IMG - International Management Group - one of the large Sports
          Management agencies that manage the affairs of a large
          number of tennis players and run some of the pro tournament
          events.  Advantage International and ProServ are the other
          main Agencies with tennis playing clients, although there
          are also a number of smaller agencies.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -25-               Professional Tournament Seeding

The following diagram shows the typical formula used to determine the
draws for 16-seed men's and women's tournaments (for meetings in the
round-of-16).  Sometimes there are some minor modifications employed;
e.g, the #3/4 seed might be placed in the part of a quarter opposite
the indicated position.

As indicated, more restrictions are placed on men's draws.  For instance,
in a men's draw, the only seeded player #1 and #2 can possibly meet in the
round of 16 is either #15 or #16; whereas, in a women's draw, #1 and #2
can meet any one among the #9 to #16 range.


        Seedings and draw information for 16-seed pro tournaments

    Women            Men

      1               1    --------+
                                   |--------+
 one of 9-16      15 or 16 --------+        |
                                            |--------+
 one of 9-16       9 or 10 --------+        |        |
                                   |--------+        |
 one of 5-8        7 or 8  --------+                 |
                                                     |--------+
   3 or 4          3 or 4  --------+                 |        |
                                   |--------+        |        |
 one of 9-16      13 or 14 --------+        |        |        |
                                            |--------+        |
 one of 9-16      11 or 12 --------+        |                 |
                                   |--------+                 |
 one of 5-8        5 or 6  --------+                          |
                                                              +-------->
 one of 5-8        5 or 6  --------+                          |
                                   |--------+                 |
 one of 9-16      11 or 12 --------+        |                 |
                                            |--------+        |
 one of 9-16      13 or 14 --------+        |        |        |
                                   |--------+        |        |
   3 or 4          3 or 4  --------+                 |        |
                                                     |--------+
 one of 5-8        7 or 8  --------+                 |
                                   |--------+        |
 one of 9-16      9 or 10  --------+        |        |
                                            |--------+
 one of 9-16      15 or 16 --------+        |
                                   |--------+
     2                2    --------+

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -26-                        TeamTennis

TeamTennis (formerly World TeamTennis) is a concept, devised by Billie Jean
King, which came to fruition in the 1970's and has recently made somewhat
of a comeback.  TeamTennis was at it's peak in the mid 1970's, with the likes
of Evert, Connors, and Borg among its ranks.  The concept gradually died
for various reasons in the late 70's but has been revised in a scaled-down
form.

The basic TeamTennis concept is as follows: The TeamTennis franchise is
similar to US baseball and football, where teams based in various US cities
compete against one another.  Unlike baseball and football, team members
get paid based on their performance rather than a fixed amount.  There
are two divisions (East and West Divisions), teams within each division
competing against one another over a 4-week period following Wimbledon.
The two top division teams (determined by win-loss record of the top team
and a playoff between the #2 and #3 teams) square off in a playoff match,
with the playoff winners then competing in a Championship final for that
year.

A TeamTennis match consists of five sets: one set each of men's and women's
singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles.  The order of match 
play is doubles-singles-doubles-singles-doubles, with the coach of the
host team determining the exact order of sets (e.g., women's doubles first).
Prior to each set, a certain amount of time is allowed for player warmups.
A change of sides occurs every fourth game after a set starts, rather than
every odd game played.  The scoring is "no-ad," meaning that 40-40 is a
"game point" instead of deuce.  If the set score reaches 5-5, a 9-point
tie-break is played (first to 5 points with an advantage of only 1 point
required) to determine the winner of the set.  Match score is determined
by total games won by a team, not by how many sets are won.

At the close of the match, the team leading in games won must win the last
game played to win the match.  Otherwise, fifth-set play continues until this
happens or until each team is equal in number of games won.  In the latter
case, a 9-point super tie-break is then played to determine the match winner.

In 1993, there were 12 TeamTennis leagues:

 Atlanta Thunder   Los Angeles Strings
 Florida Twist    Minnesota Penguins
 Kansas City Explorers  Newport Beach (CA) Dukes
 New Jersey Stars  Phoenix Smash
 Raleigh Edge   Sacramento Capitals
 Wichita Advantage  San Antonio Racquets

Some of the more recognizable names participating in 1993 TeamTennis:

    Martina Navratilova, Jimmy Connors, Mats Wilander, Lori McNeil,
    Lindsay Davenport, Iva Majoli, Tracy Austin, and Bjorn Borg.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -27-                   USTA Self Rating System

Self-Rating Guidelines:

The National Tennis Rating Program provides a simple, initial self-placement
method of grouping individuals of similar ability levels for league play,
tournament, group lessons, social competition and club or community programs.

The rating categories are generalizations about skill levels. You may find
that you actually play above or below the category which best describes your
skill level, depending on your competitive ability. The category you choose
is not meant to be permanent, but may be adjusted as your skills change or as
your match play demonstrates the need for reclassification. Ultimately, your
rating is based upon your results in match play.


To place yourself:

   A.  Begin with 1.0. Read all the categories carefully and then decide
       which one best describes your present ability level. If your abilities
       range between two catagories, then choose the lower one.

   B.  Be certain that you qualify on all points of all preceding categories
       as well as those in the classification you choose.

   C.  When rating yourself assume you are playing against a player of the
       same sex and the same ability.

   D.  Your self-rating may be verified by a teaching professional, coach,
       league coordinator or other qualified expert.

   E.  The person in charge of your tennis program has the right to reclassify
       you based upon match results, if your self-placement is thought to be
       inappropriate


Rating Categories:


1.0    This player is just starting to play tennis.

1.5    This player has limited playing experience and is still working
       primarily on getting the ball over the net; has some knowledge of
       scoring but is not familiar with basic positions and procedures for
       singles and doubles play.

2.0    This player may have had some lessons but needs on-court experience;
       has obvious stroke weaknesses but is beginning to feel comfortable
       with singles and doubles play.

2.5    This player has more dependable strokes and is learning to judge
       where the ball is going; has weak court coverage or is often
       caught out of position, but is starting to keep the ball in play
       with other players of same ability.

3.0    This player can place shots with moderate success; can sustain a
       rally of slow pace but is not comfortable with all strokes; lacks
       control when trying for power.

3.5    This player has achieved stroke dependability and direction on
       shots within reach, including forehand and backhand volleys, but
       still lacks depth and variety; seldom double faults and occasionally
       forces errors on the serve.

4.0    This player has dependable strokes on both forehand and backhand
       sides; has the ability to use a variety of shots including lobs,
       overheads, approach shots and volleys; can place the first serve and
       force some errors; is seldom out of position in a doubles game.

4.5    This player has begun to master the use of power and spins; has
       sound footwork; can control depth of shots and is able to move
       opponent up and back; can hit first serve with power and accuracy and
       place the second serve; is able to rush the net with some success on
       serve in singles as well as doubles.

5.0    This player has good shot anticipation; frequently has an outstanding
       shot or exceptional consistency around which a game may be structured;
       can regularly hit winners or force errors off of short balls; can
       successfully execute lobs, drop shots, half volleys and overhead
       smashes; has good depth and spin on most second serves.

5.5    This player can execute all strokes offensively and defensively; can
       hit dependable shots under pressure; is able to analyze opponents'
       style and can employ patterns of play to assure the greatest
possibility
       of winning points; can hit winners or force errors with both first and
       second serves. Return of serve can be an offensive weapon.

6.0    This player has mastered all of the above skills; has developed power
       and/or consistency as a major weapon; can vary strategies and styles
       of play in a competitive situation. This player typically has had
inten-
       sive training for national competition at junior or collegiate levels.

6.5    This player has mastered all of the above skills and is an experienced
       tournament competitor who regularly travels for competition and whose
       income may be partially derived from prize winnings.

7.0    This is a world class player.

       With this list you can rate yourself. Should you realize that your
abilities range between two categories, then the lower one should be used
to determine your playing level.

Have fun and keep enjoying this great sport.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -28-                    Tennis Tie-Break Rules
                           (Source: USTA)

If announced in advance of the match, a tie-break game operates when the
score reaches six games all in any set.

In singles, the player who first wins seven points wins the game and the
set provided he or she leads by a margin of two points. If the score reaches
six points all the game is extended until this margin has been achieved.
Numerical scoring is used throughout the tie-break. The player whose turn
it is to serve is the Server for the first point; his or her opponent is the
Server for the second and third points; and, thereafter, each player serves
alternately for two consecutive points until the winner of the game and set
has been decided.

In doubles, the player whose turn it is to serve is the Server for the
first point. Thereafter, each player serves in rotation for two points,
in the same order as determined previously in that set, until the winners
of the game and set have been decided.

Starting with the first point, each service is delivered alternately from
the right and left courts, beginning from the right court. The first Server
serves the first point from the right court; the second Server serves the
second and third points from the left and right courts respectively; the
next Server serves the fourth and fifth points from the left and right
courts, respectively; and so on.

Players change ends after every six points and at the conclusion of the
tie-break game. The player (or doubles pair) who served first in the
tie-break shall receive service in the first game of the following set.
(In other words, the tie-break counts as a service game for the player
who serves the first ball.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  -29-               Dimensions of a Tennis Court

The singles court is 78 feet long and 27 feet wide.  The doubles court is
36 feet wide (thus the doubles alleys are about 4-1/2 feet wide).

The service lines on either side of the net are at a distance of 21 feet
from the net.  The center service line is halfway between the singles (or
doubles) sidelines.

The net is supported by two net posts (at least three feet outside the
doubles sideline - or 3 feet outside the singles sideline for a singles-
only court) to a height of 3-1/2 feet and supported at the center service
line to a hieght of 3 feet by a white strap.  Additionally, for singles
matches, the net is supported by two "singles sticks" (posts) about 3
feet outside the singles sidelines to a height of 3-1/2 feet.

The ITF stipulates that for ITF competitions (the Grand Slams and Davis
and Federation Cups) the space behind the baseline should be at least 21
feet and the space outside of the furthest sideline should be at least 12
feet.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -30-          Origin of the Scoring System in Tennis

The traditional scoring system in a tennis game is 15-30-40-deuce-ad-game.
The scoring system is said to derive from the usage of the four quarters
of a clock (15-30-45-60) used to score a game in the pre-modern era.  60
would signify game, while 45 was, in time, "shortened" to 40.

A common explanation for the term "love" to signify a score of zero is that
it originates from the Frech term "l'oeuf."  Another explanation is based
on the idea that to do something for love is to do something for nothing
(zero).

The tie-break in tennis originated with Jimmy Van Alen in the late 1960s.
Van Alen wished to eliminate interminable deuce sets (sets where the score
reaches 5 games all and, under traditional rules, play continues until the
winner of the set acquires a two-game advantage).  

After some experimentation at Newport, R.I., a "sudden death" tie-break
was introduced at the US Open in 1970.  The winner of the tie-break was
the first person to reach five points with an advantage of at least one.
The current version of the tie-break -- first to seven with an advantage
of two -- was implemented in 1975.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -31-                 USTA Rules and Code On-Line

For those who wish to obtain an on-line copy of the complete USTA Rules
and Code, this information is now available via anonymous FTP.

To obtain the information, FTP to the machine planchet.rutgers.edu and
log in as an anonymous user.  Once logged in, change to the directory
"tennis" and look for two files: "rules" and "code."

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -32-                    ATP and WTA Media Guides 

The ATP and WTA publish media guides at the beginning of every year.
These guides contain tournament information, player biographies,
historical records and statistics. They can be ordered directly from
the ATP and WTA, respectively. The price includes postage within the US.
The following information is correct for the 1994 edition of the guides.

(1) The ATP Player Guide costs US$20. Send a check to ATP's address
    in this FAQ or contact:
    PO Box 434, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0434  (800) 777-1630.

(2) The WTA Media Guide is also US$20. The WTA accepts VISA/MC.
    One can order by phone, fax, or send a check to the WTA.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -33-              Addresses of TV and Tennis Organizations

   ABC, 77 West 66th St., New York, N.Y. 10023 (no phone; try NY's KABC)
   CBS, 7800 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90036 (213)460-3000
   NBC, 3300 West Alameda Blvd., Burbank, CA 91523 (818)840-4444
   ESPN: 935 Middle St., Bristol, CT 06010, (203)-585-2000
   HBO: 1100 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036, (212)512-1000

   ATP: 200 ATP Tour Boulevard, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32082 (904)285-8000
   WTA: 133 First Street NE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701  (813) 895-5000
   USTA: 70 West Red Oak Lane, White Planes, NY 10604  USA (914) 696-7000

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -34-                      Ticket Information

   The following ticket information for major tournaments is provided as
   a service to those who may have no other source of information.  The
   FAQ authors assume no responsibility for sudden changes in some of
   the ticket source information.  Availability of tickets will vary from
   event to event and sometimes depend on how well in advance tickets
   are sought.
   
   In particular, for the Grand Slam events, tickets must usually be
   obtained well in advance (unless you plan to scalp for tickets).
   For Wimbledon and the French Open, it is recommended that applications
   for tickets be submitted in the early Fall preceding the event.
   Australian Open tickets usually go on sale sometime in the late
   Northern Hemisphere Summer (August), and US Open tickets usually go
   on sale starting sometime in the month of May.
   

   + Wimbledon - ticket application forms:
       The All England Lawn Tennis Club, PO Box 98, Wimbledon, SW19 5AE, UK
       (Application for ballots due 31 Dec; ballots due 31 Jan; payment 
       after notification - early March - in Pounds Sterling by bank
       draft.)

   + French Open - ticket reservation forms (best if requested by October)
       Stade Roland Garros, Service Reservation, 2 Avenue Gordon Bennett,
       75016 Paris, France.  (Enclose a self-addressed envelope with a
       95-cent or equivalent international coupon.)  Payment in Francs
       (bank draft) should be enclosed with reservation forms when they
       are sent back.

   + US Open - (800) 524-8440
  
   + Australian Open  -
       Australian Open Ticket Sales, c/o BASS Victoria, GPO Box 762G,
       Melbourne 3001, Australia
       ---
       Tennis Australia, National Tennis Centre, Batman Avenue,
       Melbourne 3000, Australia

   + Virginia Slims Championship Ticket Info:  (212) 465-6500

   + Lipton (Key Biscayne) Tickets: (305) 361-5252  

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 -35-              Tennis Media Reference Guide

This section contains information about tennis periodicals, books, and
videos that many newcomers and other enthusiasts of the sport may find
handy.  Information (especially subscription rates) about periodicals
is subject to change.

Thanks to the many netters who have contributed information.  Comments,
suggestions, and additions should be addressed to csmith@cc.gatech.edu.


Tennis Periodicals
------------------

1.  Name:          Tennis                (USA)
    Frequency:     monthly
    Subscription:  $23.94/year
    Publisher:     NYT Sports/Leisure Magazines
                   5520 Park Ave. (Box 395)
                   Trumbull, CT 06611-0395
                   800-666-8336  (203-373-7000 outside of USA/Canada)
    Description:   Most widely circulated USA magazine.  Provides a mix of
                   coverage on the pro tour and pro features, instruction,
                   travel, and equipment.  Tournament coverage is fairly
                   sparse and dated.

2.  Name:          Tennis Match          (USA)
    Frequency:     8 issues/year
    Subscription:  $18.00/year
    Publisher:     Tennis Properties, Inc.
                   24 Post Road East
                   Westport, CT 06880
                   203-221-0343
    Description:   A publication with a similar "look and feel" to Tennis
                   (above), but with the main emphasis on the pro features
                   and instruction.  Lots of good photos. 
    Add'l Info:    Beware that the financial situation of this magazine
                   may be somewhat in doubt at the moment, as it is a fairly
                   new publication and has already switched publishers.

3.  Name:          Tennis Week           (USA)
    Frequency:     semimonthly (monthly in October - January)
    Subscription:  $40.00/year
    Publisher:     Tennis News, Inc.
                   124 East 40th Street
                   New York, NY 10016
                   212-808-4750
    Description:   Provides fairly good and up-to-date coverage of the pro
                   tournaments, with articles covering the players, politics
                   of the game, etc.  Full tournament draws and top 200
                   singles rankings are posted with each issue.

4.  Name:          Racquet               (USA)
    Frequency:     6 times/year
    Subscription:  USA $24.00; Canada $30.00; Elsewhere $32.00
    Publisher:     Heather & Pine International, Inc.
                   42 West 38th Street
                   New York, NY 10018
    Description:   A magazine which sports a hodgepodge of various features
                   ranging from the pro tour and profiles to articles about
                   the industry to equipment and sports medicine to travel
                   and style.  Does not provide pro tournament results.

5.  Name:          Australian Tennis Magazine
    Frequency:     monthly
    Subscription:  $AUS 45/year (Aust)
                   $AUS 50/year (overseas)
    Publisher:     Nicholson Media Group Pty Ltd
                   PO Box 292
                   South Yarra  Victoria  3141
     Australia
    Description:   Australian Tennis Magazine, a monthly publication, 
                   contains articles featuring Australian players and
                   often has contributions from present and past players.

6.  Name:          Tennis World          (UK)
    Frequency:     11 issues of magazine/year
    Subscription:  21.50 pounds UK, 27.50 pounds Europe Air Mail
                   37.50 Worldwide Airmail
    Publisher:     Presswatch Ltd.
                   The Spendlove Centre
                   Enstone Road
                   Charlbury
                   Oxford OX& 3PQ
                   (0608) 811446
    Description:   Fan Service bimonthly newsletters and b/w photo.  Has
                   pull-out posters.  Printed on heavy paper and contains
                   fewer pages than most other publications of similar cost.
    Add'l Info:    Fan Club Membership (Edberg, Bailey, Capriati,
                   Navratilova, Sampras, Sanchez, Becker, Sabatini, Graf,
                   Agassi, Ivanisevic, or Seles)
                   11.50q, 13.50, 16.50
                      Combined
                   28.00, 35.00, 49.00

7.  Name:          Serve & Volley        (UK)
    Frequency:     monthly
    Subscription:  20 pounds in UK, 27 pounds worldwide airmail
    Address:       The Lawn Tennis Association
                   The Queens Club
                   West Kensington
                   London W14 9EG
                   071-385 2366  (FAX 071-381 6656)
    Description:   Pro Tennis features, British tennis, complete
                   tennis results.  August 1993 edition had a 32
                   page wrap-up of Wimbledon.
    Add'l Info:    Subscribers become Registered Members of the LTA
                   (~20% chance of being allocated Wimbledon tickets
                   plus other benefits)

8.  Name:          Inside Women's Tennis (USA)
    Frequency:     monthly
    Subscription:  $48 for North America, $96 everywhere else
    Description:   Official WTA magazine, featuring in-depth coverage of
                   the women's tour, including comrehensive results.
    Add'l Info:    Contact the WTA at the address in the FAQ for more
                   information.

9.  Name:          International Tennis  (USA)
    Subscription:  $36 in USA, $65 in Canada, $84 elsewhere
    Address:       200 ATP Tour Boulevard
                   Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32083
                   USA
    Description:   The official magazine of the ATP.  Player features,
                   draws, results, challenger and satellite results,
                   rankings, match statistics.

10. Name:          Tennis Magazine       (France)
    Frequency:     monthly
    Subscription:  France rates:  235F (~$39.95)/year
                   Foreign (sea): 336F (~$57.00)/year
                   Foreign (air): info upon request
                   cover price: 25F (~$4.25)
    Address:       90, rue de Flandre
                   75947 Paris Cedex 19
    Description:   Pretty good tennis magazine with excellent French Open  
                   coverage: their June issue (which reaches the newsstand   
                   promptly after the French Open) devotes well over 50
                   pages of news, commentary, photos, etc.  Also includes 
                   full-size pull-out posters.

11. Name:          l'Equipe              (France)
    Frequency:     6 days/week (no Sunday)
    Subscription:  France rates:  6 months   840F (~$142.80)
                                  1 year   1,685F (~$286.45)
                   Foreign rates: upon request
                   cover price : 6F (~$1.02)
                   available in some big U.S. cities at $2.50/copy
    Address:       Services Abonnements B531
                   60732 Sainte-Genevieve Cedex 9
    Description:   French sports daily newspaper which usually provides
                   decent up-to-date coverage of pro tennis news.  

12. Name:          Tennis de France
    Subscription:  France rates:   255F (~$43.35)/ year
                   Foreign (sea):  293F (~$49.80)/ year
                   Foreign (air):  upon request
                   cover price:    24F (~$4.00)
    Publisher:     FUL Services
                   Services Abonnements, Tennis de France
                   36, rue de Picpus
                   75012 Paris
                   France
                   Phone: (161) 43420060
    Description:   Has very good tournament coverage with complete coverage
                   of French players (better than Serve & Volley does for
                   Brits).  Also, a large note session (like tennis week and
                   tennis both have).

13. Name:          Grand Slam Tennis     (Spain)
    Subscription:  4400 pesatos for one year includes free video.
    Publisher:     Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, 5, 10(degree) F
                   28036 Madrid
                   Phone: (91) 3592047 or (91) 3595192
                   Fax: (91) 359 7065
                   Note: when calling from abroad drop the 9.
    Description:   Articles on the international circuit and players. Also,
                   some news on Spanish tennis, squash, and food and travel.

14. Name:          Tennis Magazin        (Germany)
    Frequency:     monthly
    Subscription:  71.40 DM in Germany, 98.40 DM outside of Germany
    Address:       dsb ZAV - tennis magazin/Abonnentenservice
                   74168 Neckarsulm
                   Germany
                   telephone: 07132/95 92 10

                   In the US, this magazine can be subscribed through
                   the German Language Publications, Inc. for US$90
                   a year, including postage for surface mail.
                   PO Box 9868, Englewood, NJ 07631-1123
                   telephone: (201) 871-1010

    Description:   Provides a mix of coverage on the pro tour and pro
                   features (with emphasis on German players), instruction,
                   travel, and equipment. Very similar to the American
                   "Tennis"; in fact, some articles are translated from there.

15. Name:          Tennis Revue          (Germany)
    Frequency:     monthly
    Subscription:  49,20 DM in Germany, 61,20 DM outside of Germany
    Address:       Zenit Pressevertrieb GmbH
                   Tennis Revue Leserservice
                   Postfach 81 06 40
                   70523 Stuttgart
                   Germany
    Description:   Provides a mix of coverage on the pro tour and pro
                   features, instruction, travel, and equipment. Bud Collins,
                   Nick Bollettieri, and Bob Brett are associated with
                   this magazine. For a monthly magazine, their tournament
                   results are very up to date.

16. Name:          Junior Tennis         (USA)
    Subscription:  $14.95 for one year (5 issues); $24.95 for two years
                   Foreign subscriptions add $15 per year
    Address:       P.O. Box 9921
                   Seattle, WA 98109
                   Phone: (206) 284-98109
    Description:   Full coverage and junior rankings.  Also interviews and
                   tactics to learn from pros (Fernandez, Sampras).


Tennis Books
------------

1.  Bud Collins' Modern Encyclopedia of Tennis
    2nd edition
    ed. Bud Collins and Zander Hollander
    1994 -- Detroit, MI: Visible Ink Press
    ISBN 0-8103-9443-X

    This volume reads less like a "traditional" encyclopedia and more like 
    a collection of narratives about the origins of the game and its history
    over the last 100 years, profiles of its most famous individuals, and
    selected records and statistics.  While not perfect, it is probably the
    most comprehensive volume on tennis history yet produced.

2.  Hard Courts
    John Feinstein
    1991 -- New York: Villard Books
    ISBN 0-394-58333-7 (hardcover)    
    ISBN 0-679-74106-2 (paperback)

    John Feinstein, who spent time following the pro tour in 1990, provides
    in-depth coverage and insight into professional tennis, its star players,
    the ones who scrape to get by, the matches, the movers and shakers, the
    agents, the politics, the money, and the general mayhem that seems to
    continuously accompany the tour.  Although somewhat cynical in tone at
    times, it is extremely well-written and engrossing. Paperback edition 
    includes an additional brief writeup about 1991 events.

3.  Ladies of the Court
    Michael Mewshaw
    1993 -- New York: Crown Publishers
    ISBN 0-517-58758-0

    Subtitled "Grace and Disgrace on the Women's Tour."  Mewshaw recounts
    his time spent traveling on the women's tour in 1990-91.  In addition
    to providing portraits of some of the game's stars, he spends a
    considerable amount of time exploring the issue of burnout, exploitation
    and abuse of young women players, and the sensitivity of the WTA in
    dealing with these problems.  

4.  Tough Draw
    Eliot Berry
    1992 -- New York: Henry Holt and Company
    ISBN 0-8050-2314-3

    Another book in the vein of pro tour books, Berry's main quest is to
    find out what separates the winners from the losers and the best from
    the second best.   He explores the issue by traveling to various
    tournaments in the 1991 time frame, analyzing selected matches, and
    profiling players such as Becker, Edberg, and former pro Jay Berger.

5.  My Life With the Pros
    Bud Collins
    1989: New York: Dutton
    ISBN 0-525-48758-3

    The great tennis enthusiast recounts some of his most cherished memories
    over the period he has been involved with amateur and pro tennis, starting
    back in the 50's.  As elsewhere, Collins' writing style here is anecdotal
    and somewhat rambling, but the stories he recounts are fascinating.
    You'll find little information about the stars of today.

6.  Open Tennis 1968-1989
    Richard Evans
    1990 -- Lexington, MA: The Stephen Greene Press
    ISBN 0-8289-0721-8

    Richard Evans recounts the first 20 tumultuous years of pro tennis from
    the viewpoint of someone who has been closely involved with the game over
    that time span, both as journalist and as part of the political circle.
    He recounts the difficult birth of pro tennis, the ATP boycott, the start
    of the women's tour, life on the pro tour, the great matches (which he is
    very good at retelling), and the "rebirth" of Australian tennis at
    Flinders Park, among other things.

7.  Trabert on Tennis: The View from Center Court
    2nd edition
    Tony Trabert and George Secor Cousins
    1990 -- Chicago: Contemporary Books, Inc.
    ISBN 0-8092-4135-8

    In a book that is already slightly dated, Trabert analyzes the current
    affairs of tennis though an American perspective.  Trabert successfully
    demonstrates his vast knowledge of the sport's many facets.  The book
    is heavily tainted with his personality, leaving little doubt where
    he stands on many issues.

8.  Days of Grace
    Arthur Ashe and Arnold Rampersad
    1993 -- New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
    ISBN 0-679-42396-6

    The very touching autobiography of Arthur Ashe, a portrait of courage and
    determination.  

9.  Martina
    Martina Navratilova and George Vecsey
    1985 -- New York: Fawcett Crest
    ISBN 0-449-20982-2

    An autobiography written with the brutal honesty that has become a
    Navratilova trademark.  Navratilova examines her extraordinary career
    (though 1985); talks about her heritage and examines the relationship
    with her family throughout her life and career; and discusses her own
    sexuality, including past relationships. 

10. Jennifer Capriati: Tennis Sensation 
    Margaret Goldstein
    Minneapolis -- Lerner Publications Company
    First Avenue Editions (soft cover)
    241 First Avenue North
    Minneapolis, MN 55401

    20 B&W photos in 56 page hardback ($16.95).  Good description of the
    rise of Capriati from juniors to Olympic Champion.

11. High Tech Tennis 
    Jack L. Groppel 
    1992 (2nd edition) -- Leisure Press, Champaign, IL
    ISBN 0-88011-458-4
    Price: US $14.95

    A very interesting book on tennis strokes and biomechanics. It is meant
    for intermediate and advanced players, since it discusses the finer
    points of stroke production such as, ``Which serving stance is better:
    (a) the platform stance, where both feet are kept separate until impact
    (e.g., Boris Becker's serve), or (b) the pinpoint stance, where the rear
    foot slides forward before impact (e.g., Stefan Edberg's serve)?''

12. Tennis Strokes and Strategies
    Tennis Magazine (various)
    1975 - Simon and Schuster
    ISBN 0-671-24201-6
    Price: US $12.95

    Subtitled ``The Classic Instruction Series from Tennis Magazine.  A dated
    but very good reference on stroke production. Each stroke is discussed by
    several pros. For example, the chapter covering the backhand has contri-
    butions from Don Budge and Ken Rosewall. Seems to be written for beginners
    and intermediates.  There is a short section on the two-handed backhand,
    but the rest of the book discusses the ``classic'' form.  Good but old
    pictures, taken in an era when the clothes were white, the racquets were
    heavy and their heads (the racquets', not the players') were small.

13. Vic Braden's Mental Tennis
    Vic Braden and Robert Wool
    1993 -- Boston: Little Brown and Company
    ISBN 0-316-10517-1
 
    The premise of this volume is that your mind is a powerful tool for
    reconstructing your game.  Braden examines such topics as confronting
    fears, self-doubts, and choking; setting, achieving, and adjusting
    realistic goals; developing a winning attitude and approach to the
    game; and using case studies of pro players to illustrate his concepts.
    An enlightening and very positive book.


Tennis Videos
-------------

Tennis Direct
(800) 247-8273
PO Box 7220
Bloomfield Hills, MI 48302
fax (313) 737-9919

Offers videos of famous pro matches; US Open and Wimbledon highlights;
instruction, fitness, and mental toughness videos.  Also a source of
tennis books, some posters of selected top players (Agassi, McEnroe,
Capriati, Chang), equipment and accessories.


Posters
-------

Some outlets (such as Tennis Direct, above) offer some posters of a few
top players.  The best adivice for those who are seeking posters of particular
players is to contact the clothing/equipment/racquet companies who endorse
the players.  Consult the "Pro Racquet, String, and Clothing Info" section
of the FAQ for more specific details.

================================================================================

 -A1-              How to Obtain the FAQ via FTP

   A copy of this FAQ is available via anonymous ftp on the machine
   rtfm.mit.edu [180.70.0.209].  The FAQ is contained in five files
   in the directory /pub/usenet/rec.answers/tennis-faq.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -A2- The following individuals contributed to this FAQ or provided
      significant information used in compiling portions of the FAQ:

        Christopher Smith            csmith@cc.gatech.edu
        Shun Cheung                  shun.cheung@att.com
        Natasha Austria              U58476@uicvm.uic.edu
        Vijay Baliga                 vbaliga@nickel.ucs.indiana.edu
        Roberto Barros               roberto@dcs.gla.ac.uk
        Clark Coleman                clc5q@uvacs.cs.Virginia.EDU
        Arijit Das                   arijeet@lorelei.ECE.Drexel.EDU
        Srinivasamurthy Kasibhotla   kasibhot@phakt.usc.edu
        Jimmy Lim                    jlim@tartarus.uwa.edu.au
        Charles Lin                  clin@eng.umd.edu
        Mei-Ling Liu                 mliu@engineering.ucsb.edu
        Glenn Stein                  zdbr012@bay.cc.kcl.ac.uk
        Dan Simoes                   dans@ans.net
        Howard Zivotofsky            busbh@cunyvm.bitnet

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 -A3- Please send comments, suggestions, corrections, and additions to
      this FAQ to Christopher Smith at:

                       csmith@cc.gatech.edu

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           DISCLAIMER

  This FAQ is intended solely for the private use of individuals and may be
  distributed on a non-profit basis.  The authors request that the FAQ be
  distributed in its entirety.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 


