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+&G&n9&9ptH9&9vt= PP9&6&6` %P9&6&6Z T 
%P|	T:& P 	FVpP 	FV+FF{{<vv~ uZ6`#6^#%P~V P~V"P~VJ]	3.01 What documentation exists for filter?
3.02 What do I need to get filter working?
3.03 How can I tell if my system understands .forward files?
3.04 What do I put in my .forward file?
3.05 What is the simples filter-rules file I can write to test filter?
3.06 How do I check my filter-rules for typos and other errors?
3.07 Why doesn't the output from filter -r match my filter-rules file?
3.08 Can I have 'or' in my filter-rules?
3.09 Can I make filter execute more than one rule for a message?
3.10 How do I do multiple actions for one rule?
3.11 What headers are available in the filter-rules?
3.12 How do I forward mail to an elm alias from filter?
3.13 Filter executes my script but the script doesn't work.
3.14 How do I capture the message fed to a script by execute/executec
3.15 Both execute and executec feeds the message as standard input to
3.16 What if I what to do something based on the contents of a message
3.17 How can I make filter operate on all messages in a folder?
3.18 Can I use filter to automatically answer my mail (like vacation)?
3.19 My filter doesn't recognize executec/matches.
3.20 Filter sometimes munges up my folders, or looses messages. Why?
3.21 Why doesn't elm mark mail I saved in a folder with filter as new (N)?
3.22 Why does filter join adjacent messages together?
3.23 What other mail filter programs exists?
3.24 554 "|/usr/local/bin/filter"... unknown mailer error
3.25 My filter doesn't work. I set it up correctly, but nothing happens.
3.26 How to (b)ounce from filter, instead of (f)orwarding ?
3.27 If I use filter, all incoming mail disappears. Why ?


1.0 Operational Answers
---------------------------

1.01 What is Elm?

 From Elm documentation:
        Currently on Unix, there seems to be a preponderence
 of line-oriented software.  This is most unfortunate as most
 of the software on Unix tends to be pretty darn hard to use!
 I believe that there is more than a slight correlation between
 the two, and, since I was myself having problems using
 "mailx" with high-volume mail, I created a new mail system.

        In the lingo of the mail guru, Elm is a "User Agent" system,
        it's designed to run with "sendmail" or "/bin/rmail" or any
 other UNIX Mail Transport Agent (according to what's on your
 system) and is a full replacement of programs like "/bin/mail"
 and "mailx".  The system is more than just a single program,
 however, and includes programs like "frm" to list a 'table
 of contents' of your mail and "printmail" to quickly paginate mail
 files (to allow 'clean' printouts).

1.02 Which is Elm current version?

 Elm current version is 2.4 PatchLevel (PL) 23.
 New release should be 3.0, scheduled some time in 1994.

1.03 Where can I find the distribution?

 There's a list of sites distributing Elm at the bottom of this
        file (4.*     Archivers, what they archive, how to download.).
 In addition, new releases will be posted to comp.sources.unix,
 patches will be posted to comp.sources.bugs.
 After patches have been proven and out for a while, they will
 be posted to comp.sources.unix.

 Elm portings or clones for DOS, Windows and OS/2 are available as
 listed below:

 DOS/WINDOWS:
 * Peter Churchyard (pjc@cc.ic.ac.uk):
 Elm-PC, a version I ported, is available by anon ftp from
 lister.cc.ic.ac.uk:/pub/elm-pc.
 A Windows version is available, too, in: /pub/winelm.

        * Mike O'Connor (mjo@msen.com):
        There is a package called PC-Elm that's an imitation of Elm (i.e. it
        didn't come hy?
1.21    Sometimes Elm (PL < 21) seems to join two messages in one. Why?
1.22 How can ELM be used for an automatic reply?
1.23 How to list your mail from the oldest to the newest?
1.24 How to use elmheaders file?
1.25 How to change the fullname in sent mail ?
1.26    "Alias too long" or string too long errors.
1.27 How to crypt mail in elm ?
1.28 8 bit characters configuration?
1.29 Sun mailtool attachments and elm?
1.30 How can I save outgoing mail ?
1.31 Can I get an automatic receipt when my message is actually read?
1.32 Get a copy of message(s) into the edit buffer when composing a reply?
1.33 How can I print in Elm ?
1.34 How can I get a complete elmrc file ?
1.35 How can I change a configuration setting for all of my users?
1.36 What do `Priority, Expires and Action' headers mean?
1.37 What does the `Precedence' header mean?
1.38 How can I get a `Reply-To' header in all of my messages?
1.39 ti/te strings for the xterm in termcap are wrong.
1.40 Can I edit and forward without having the prefix (>) added
1.41 Can I take an addres from a message and put it in the aliases list?
1.42 sendmail 565c+IDA + Elm = SEGV. Why ?
1.43 Can ELM use MH-style inboxes?
1.44 How can I enter a message that is in a folder into a message ?
1.45 I get my NIS/YP domainname appended to local mails. Why?
1.46 How can I include a file in a header ? And a quote ?
1.47 How can I build an alias containig "=" ?
1.48 What's aliases limit ? # of aliases ? total lenght ?
1.49 How can I change the editor ?
1.50 How do I include a file in a mail message ?
1.51 Which are the (s)ave abbreviations ?
1.52 Why do I get "folder corrupt" messages ?
1.53 How to know how may news messages arrived, without entering Elm ?

2.0 Installation Questions

2.01 On SCO Xenix, all mail is from user anonymous. Why?
2.02 Elm doesn't work on Next. Why?
2.03    Compiling with Microsoft UNIX C Compilers won't work. Why?
2.04    Various problems on Unix 286.
2.05    Configure won't run on HP-UX. Why?
2.06 Configure won't run on SCO XENIX 2.2.1. Why?
2.07 Will Elm work on SGI Indigo?
2.08 I have problems compiling elm2.4 on HP/Apollo
2.09    I have problems compiling elm2.4 on IBM AIX
2.10 Compiling elm 2.4 under NS 3.0
2.11    Elm sends 'empty mail' on 386BSD: why?
2.12 Why can't I get SGI to work for non ROOT?
2.13    I have problems p)rinting messages in 2.4PL20
2.14 Elm2.4 PL20 - 'x' key causes segmentation violation
2.15 readmsg:illegal option -- I. Why?
2.16    Forms don't work. Why?
2.17 ELM does not recognize VMS mail. Why?
2.18 Huge headers cause Memory Fault. Why?
2.19    Can I use elm for posting and replying to news?
2.20 Compile fails on lib/strftime.c [PL23].
2.21 Compile error on SGI Crimson.
2.22 Problem compiling elm on DEC Alpha, OSF/1 v.1.2
2.23 I can't build Elm 2.4PL23 on Sun 386i SunOS 4.0.2
2.24 How can I override a Configure's setup ?
2.25 How to solve hdrs/mcprt.h problems with Sequent/PTX 2 ?

3.0 Filter Questions
 This part is maintained by Jan Djarv (Jan.Djarv@sa.erisoft.se)

nique file name.
 Invoke it like this: "unpack < foldername"
 I guess tagging and piping should work with it too.
 (Ask Steve Faiwiszewski for unpack source.)

1.15    Is there any way to bounce all the tagged messages with ONE command ? 

 Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.unicom.com):
 Save the following to a script in your personal bin directory,
 say `bounce':

        : use /bin/sh
        : ${ELMSTATE?} ${1?}
        sed -n -e 's/^S//p' $ELMSTATE | while read mssgno ; do
                echo "Bouncing message $mssgno to $@ . . ."
                readmsg -a $mssgno | rmail $@
        done

 When you run:  !bounce addr ...
 then all of the tagged messages will be bounced to the indicated
 address(es). If no messages are tagged, then the currently selected
 message will be bounced.

1.16    Does ELM have MIME (metamail) support?

 MIME allows for sending and receiving of messages compliant
 to the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (RFC 1341).
 MIME provides a way to attach binary, graphic, audio,
 video, postscript and other files. It doesn't necessarily
 need graphics capabilities on your display, but its useful.

 If you have installed Nathaniel Borenstein's metamail package for
 displaying MIME messages, Elm can make use of it.  If you didn't
 have metamail installed you might want to obtain a copy of it.
 The most recent version is on thumper.bellcore.com [128.96.41.1]:
 /pub/nsb/mm2.6.tar.Z .

 Compiling of Elm even with MIME support enabled would not
 depend on the metamail package. But you would not be able to
 use nearly all of the MIME features as long as you don't have
 metamail installed. Metamail with its companion programs
 (mmencode) must be installed somewhere in the search path,
 usually /usr/local/bin.

 Andrew Cagney did a lot of work to use ELm with MIME. Send
 mail to acagney@macadam.mpce.mq.edu.au for details.

1.17    How not to include headers in outward bound mail?

 Problem:
 all outward bound mail still includes the following lines,
 even if I have the "noheader = ON" line in my .elmrc:

 X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL21]
 MIME-Version: 1.0
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
 Content-Length: 67

 Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 "noheader = ON" means when the message is copied into the buffer
 for a reply or forward.
 The "X-Mailer:" header is controlled at Configure time.  There
 is a compile time option to produce or not produce it.
 The three "Content-*" headers are always going to be produced by 2.4.

1.18    Is it possible to save mail messages without the headers?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.unicom.com):
 Use: !readmsg -n >filename
 If you want to save a few keystrokes, you can encapsulate this
 in a shell script to go in your personal bin directory.

 * Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 Note that some of the newer features of readmsg are only
 available in later 2.4 releases

1.19    How do I upgrade my ELM aliases from 2.3 to 2.4PL23 ?

        Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 All I did, was make sure 2.4 as installed, and then had each
 user run newalias and I ran newalias -g.  The aliases.text
 file is upwards compatible.  The old newalias converted
 aliases.text to aliases.data and aliases.hash the 2.4 newalias
 converts aliases.text to aliases, aliases.dir and aliases.pag.
 If you don't have those three new files, you didn't install
 2.4 correctly and are still running 2.3's newalias.

1.20 Elm seems to ignore HOME environment variable. Why?

        Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 This is a feature.  Elm ignores $HOME, so that when su'd you read
 the right mail file.  Its a choice of one or the other and we chose
 to allow su over $HOME.

1.21    Sometimes Elm (PL < 21) seems to join two messages in one. Why?

        Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 Early versions of Elm 2.4 had a problem with messages with bad content
 length headers. I'd update to a more recent version when 21 comes out
 in a bit.

 Compiler's Note: now PL 23 is out. I chose to report this Question
 as it is so a strange behaviour (mail still reads the mailbox
 correctly) a person can get mad about it :)

1.22 How can ELM be used for an automatic reply?

 It cannot. Autoreply is no longer supprorted and MUST be removed
 from you system. You can try and use filter, but it's better
 looking for some other utility.

1.23 How to list your mail from the oldest to the newest?

 Arnaud Girsch (Arnaud.Girsch@INSA-Lyon.FR):
 You can change the sortby= in your .elm/elmrc file, or change in menu
 (O)ption, and then (S)orting criteria .... It allows you to choose
 lots of different order .. and  you can choose whatever you want

1.24 How to use elmheaders file?

 * Arnaud Girsch (Arnaud.Girsch@INSA-Lyon.FR):
 You only have to create a file named elmheaders, a text file 
 where you put all the lines you want to be seen in the header !
 If you redefine an existing header, it'll take it's place.
 Example: if you want to redefine your Reply-To: header,
 just create the file with the first line:
  Reply-To: myaddress@node.domain.country

 *
 Please also note that elmheaders file is NOT processed. It's
 appended as it is, with the exception of quoted shell escapes.
 Hence, a Bcc: will not work, but a Return-Reply-To will, as
 the latter is processed by the *receiving* MTA.

1.25 How to change the fullname in sent mail ?

 1) use the "fullname" option;
 2) set the NAME environment variable.

 2) is useful if you want to change your name for a mail
 only, without editing your elmrc file.

 Note that you might not be able to change fulname at all.
 If your Elm is configured with DONT_ADD_FROM enabled
 (run `elm -v' to see if it is), then Elm is *not* adding the
 From: line.  The low-level mail transport is.
 If this is the case (and it commonly is) you'll have to ask your
 local administrator how to do it.  (If you have a `chfn' command
 that might do it.)

1.26    "Alias too long" or string too long errors.

 Errors are to be expected when trying to expand very long
 aliases, mailing lists, and so on. This error is due
 to the fixed lenght strings in Elm 2.xx, and will not
 be fixed until 3.xx is released.

1.27 How to crypt mail in elm ?

 Sven Guckes (guckes@math.fu-berlin.de):
 You need these two "keylines":
 [encode]
 and
 [clear]

 Just put your top secret messages in between these two lines.
 See the "ELM Reference Guide", "5. Special Outgoing Mail Processing"
 for an example.

 For all folks outside the US I might quote that little footnote:
 "Unfortunately, at many non-US sites, it's quite probable that
 you won't be able to use this feature since you won't have the
 crypt() library available due to licensing restrictions."

1.28 8 bit characters configuration?

 Hakan Sjogren (hakan@Sweden.Prime.COM)
 reports both the problem and the solution:

 PROBLEM: When receiving mails having swedish characters
 the display of these national characters on the terminal are wrong
 when using ELM.  If I add the line
 Content-type: text/plain charset=iso-8859-1
 into this received mail, ELM displays correctly.
 Since this is a normal situation I would assume ELM to display
 full 8bit characters if the mail bandwith is set to 8bit.

 SOLUTION: The solution to this problem was to set the environment
 variable LC_CTYPE=iso_8859_1 .

1.29 Sun mailtool attachments and elm?

 Kurt Swanson (kurt@dna.lth.se):
 > Has anyone hacked elm to support the Sun attachment
 > style in the Openwindow's Mailtool?
 This is handled by metamail, not well, unfortunately,
 but handled that way in any case...

1.30 How can I save outgoing mail ?

 Set the following in your elmrc file:

 # save a copy of all outbound messages?
 copy = ON

 # save outbound messages by login name of sender/recipient even if the
 # associated folder doesn't already exist?
 forcename = OFF

 # save messages, incoming and outbound, by login name of
 # sender/recipient?
 savename = ON

 # where to save copies of outgoing mail to, default file is "=sent"
 sentmail = ~/Mail/Spedita/sent

1.31 Can I get an automatic receipt when my message is actually read?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 With Elm, you cannot.  Many people consider this an intrusion of
 privacy, not a feature.

1.32 Get a copy of message(s) into the edit buffer when composing a reply?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 Use the `readmsg' command.

1.33 How can I print in Elm ?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 First thing you need to do is change the default print command Elm
 gives you.  The compiled-in default of "cat %s | lp" is obsolete.
 Simply use "lp" (or whatever) as your print command.  This will
 pipe the message directly into the print command, and it will
 leave stdout/stderr of the print command attached to your terminal.
 That means that pass-through printing will work.  That means
 problems and error messages will be displayed.  Making this change
 might fix the problems you are having.  Even if it doesn't fix
 them, at least now you'll be able to see the error diagnostics
 rather than the mysterious `Printout failed' message.

1.34 How can I get a complete elmrc file ?

 From inside ELm, type 'o' (Options) then '>' (Save).
 This will create a complete elmrc file, with all options and
 lots of comments. Remember that a leading "#" on a line denotes
 a comment. Hence a line with leadin "###" is ALSO a comment.

1.35 How can I change a configuration setting for all of my users?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 By creating a global elmrc file.  Copy your personal elmrc file
 to $libdir/elm.rc, where $libdir is the Elm library directory
 that holds the help files and other such things.  Edit that file.
 The values it provides will override the compiled-in defaults.

1.36 What do `Priority, Expires and Action' headers mean?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 Not a whole hell of a lot.  These are Elm-isms.
 Priority: If you put a value in this header, *any* value other
  than `normal' or `non-urgent', then Elm will put a `U' on
  the index screen to note the message as urgent.
 Expires: You can specify an interval up to 8 weeks from now
  (e.g. `7 days').  When that date has been passed, Elm will
  put a `E' on the index screen to note the message as expired.
 Action: You can use this header to specify some action for the
  recipient to take, and Elm will do absolutely nothing with it.

1.37 What does the `Precedence' header mean?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 This is *not* an Elm-ism.  It is a sendmail-ism. :-)  It allows
 you to specify handling instructions for the mail transport.  If
 you have to ask this question -- you don't want to mess with it.

1.38 How can I get a `Reply-To' header in all of my messages?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 Create a file called ~/.elm/elmheaders that contains the single
 line:

 Reply-To: joe@AcmeWidgets.COM

 The contents of this file are slapped onto the end of the headers
 that Elm generates for an outgoing message.

1.39 ti/te strings for the xterm in termcap are wrong.

 * David W Sanderson (dws@ssec.wisc.edu):
 Whoever wrote the default termcap and/or terminfo descriptions
 for xterm included in the ti/te strings the special escape sequences
 to make xterm switch between the normal and alternate screen buffers.
  These sequences are:

  \E[?47h  - use alternate screen buffer
  \E[?47l  - use normal screen buffer

 The elm code is just fine as it is.  If you change it so that it
 doesn't ever send ti/te, you'll just break elm for somebody else.
 Fix your termcap/terminfo definition instead.

 If this won't work,
 * Neil Weisenfeld (weisen@alw.nih.gov):
 change usetite in your .elmrc file to:
  usetite = OFF

1.40 Can I edit and forward without having the prefix (>) added
 to the mail body?

 Forward the mail, answering NO at the edit? question.
 Then, in the send menu, instead of s)ending it, e)dit it.

1.41 Can I take an addres from a message and put it in the aliases list?

 David W. Tamkin (dattier@Mcs.Com):
 Return to the index screen, make sure the pointer or bar is on a
 letter from that person, and press "a" twice.  The first "a" puts
 you into the alias subsystem and the second says to create an alias
 for the sender of the current letter.

1.42 sendmail 565c+IDA + Elm = SEGV. Why ?

 * Paul Pomes (paul@uxc.cso.uiuc.edu):
 Either fix your Elm to use correct GMT offsets or apply the following
 patch from Mike Park <mikep@dragoman.com>.

    *** 5.11.0.16   1992/08/26 22:06:32
    --- arpadate.c  1993/03/10 21:38:23
    ***************
    *** 423,428 ****
    --- 423,440 ----
      #endif /* LOG */
      return(NULL);
     }
    + 
    + /*
    +  * Some buggy mailers (ie elm 2.4.p13) can produce huge incorrect
    +  * offsets.  Applying these offsets can cause the static array
    +  * used by gmtime to be overrun on a NeXT OS3.0 causing sendmail
    +  * to SEGV.
    +  * Limit offsets to be +- 24 hours.
    +  */
    + if (h_offset < -24)
    +  h_offset = -24;
    + if (h_offset > 24)
    +  h_offset = 24;
      
      /* is the year a leap year? */
      if ((tm.tm_year % 4 == 0) &&

1.43 Can ELM use MH-style inboxes?

 * Steve Simmons (scs@lokkur.dexter.mi.us):
 Elm does not currently do this.  It has been suggsted for Elm 3.0, but
 3.0 is off in the mists of the far future.

1.44 How can I enter a message that is in a folder into a message ?

 * Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 Just use the readmsg command.  It is the external command that does
 the same thing as ~m, and it understands the current mailbox sort
 order, just like ~m.  From vi, I would put the cursor on the line
 I want to repalce with the message and say "!!readmsg".

1.45 I get my NIS/YP domainname appended to local mails. Why?

 * Dave Wolfe (dwolfe@pffft.sps.mot.com):
 You have to run Configure again, and say NO to the question:
 Should getdomainname() be used to obtain the mail domain?

 This is because when the getdomainname() system call is found, and
 you run NIS, getdomainname() usually returns the NIS domain and not
 the mail domain. The domain name should be compiled into the code.
 If the getdomainname call does return the correct mail domain, it
 can be used.

1.46 How can I include a file in a header ? And a quote ?

 The elmheaders file allows the inclusion of the output of a command
 which is run each time Elm reads elmheaders. This is useful for a
 header which changes its contents, like a fortune output.
 Unfortunately, if a header cointains "`", Elm tryes to execute what
 follows. The workaround is: save the offending text in a file, then
 include it like follows:
  X-Foo: `cat /path/to/file`

1.47 How can I build an alias containig "=" ?

 Quote it.  i.e. : "foo=bar"@net.org

1.48 What's aliases limit ? # of aliases ? total lenght ?

 Aliases are limited by lenght. It's 5120 chars.
1.49 How can I change the editor ?

 In your elmrc file set editor=/path/to/editor

1.50 How do I include a file in a mail message ?

 1) Normal plain text file:
    see your editor's man page. In vi, :r /path/to/file

 2) executable or non-printable file:
    see man uuencode. Then as 1)

 3) MIME-recognized file (gif, Postscript, ...):
    [include /path/to/file type encoding]. Examples:
     [include /path/to/file.gif image/gif base64]
     [include /path/to/file.ps application/postscript]
    See also MIME documentation.

1.51 Which are the (s)ave abbreviations ?

 * David W. Tamkin (dattier@MCS.COM):
 For saving to a folder, Copying to a folder, or changing folders
 [or naming a folder on the command line as an argument to Elm's -f
 option], Elm accepts several abbreviations:

 !  folder named in your $MAIL variable;
   default: your mail spool
 >  receivedmail folder named in your .elm/elmrc;
   default: $maildir/received
 <  sentmail folder named in your .elm/elmrc;
   default: $maildir/sent
 =filename $maildir/filename
 +filename $maildir/filename [useful on the shell command line,
   where an equal sign could confuse the shell]
 @aliasname folder in your $maildir directory named for the real
   logname behind alias "aliasname"


1.52 Why do I get "folder corrupt" messages ?

 * Peter Churchyard (pjc@cc.ic.ac.uk):
 If your folder (/usr/spool/mail/<login>) starts with a line of
 ^A^A^A^A  and not 'From username', then you need to configure
 Elm to use MMDF style message seperator lines.

1.53 How to know how may news messages arrived, without entering Elm ?

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.unicom.com):
 frm -S -q -s new


2.0 Installation Answers
----------------------------

2.01 On SCO Xenix, all mail is from user anonymous. Why?

 From Elm README:
        On SCO Xenix, if you are all mail is from user anonymous,
 this is because the mail delivery agent should be
 /usr/lib/mail/execmail instead of /usr/bin/rmail or /bin/rmail.

2.02 Elm doesn't work on Next. Why?

 The complete NeXT document by anderson@macc.wisc.edu is
 available via anon ftp from: yak.macc.wisc.edu [144.92.30.18]
 and ghost.dsi.unimi.it:/pub/Elm/Next.Z

2.03    Compiling with Microsoft UNIX C Compilers won't work. Why?

 Thomas Bullinger (mrbulli@btoy1.rochester.ny.us):
 On many systems with the Microsoft UNIX C Compilers (such as SCO),
 compiling with optimization breaks the code.  One symptom is
 that aliases do not work.
 On those machines do not compile any of Elm with optimizations.
 To accomplish that, set all occurences of "OPTIMZE" in the
 makefiles to "-Od" - then it works.

 Another possibility is to use gcc instead (my current version [PL23]
 is compiled with gcc [2.4.5] on SCO Unix [3.2.2] without
 modifications and runs perfectly).
2.04    Various problems on Unix 286.

 From Elm README:
        On some systems, especially those based on the AT&T Port to
 286's the -O flag of the compiler produces improper code causing
 segmentation violations.  If this happens, recompile the code without
 the -O flag.  This has been seen with Microport SysV/AT type systems.

        The Configuration script has been known to exceed the default
 stack size in Unix 286 sh's.  If Configure does not run correctly on
 this type of machine increase the stack size and rerun it.  On
 Microport SysV/AT machines, Configure might run correctly under ksh.
 Obtain ksh from Microport (available to current version owners without
 additional charge) and rerun Configure using it.

        Also on Microport SysV/AT Machines, the C compiler produces
 improper code for one of the arithmetic calls.  To fix this
 problem it is necessary to reduce the complexity of the
 statement, as reported by one of our testers here is the
 symptom and his patch.  Being this is a compiler bug on only
 one system, we make the information available, but not incorporate
 it in the main release.  Note, this may effect other areas
 of Elm, and in the future, Microport may even fix this problem.
 [Read the README file for the patches]

2.05    Configure won't run on HP-UX. Why?

        From Elm README:
        The Configuration script has been known to exercise an old bug
 on HP-UX's version of /bin/sh.  This shows up as part of the variable
 setting section showing up on your screen, and configure aborting
 on errors.  If this happens, try using ksh instead of sh as in:
  ksh Configure
 this will usually solve the problem.

2.06 Configure won't run on SCO XENIX 2.2.1. Why?

 Keith Brazington (keith@g4lzv.co.uk):
 The solution is simple, up the stack size for /bin/sh. I used 

 # mv /bin/sh /bin/sh.old
 # cp /bin/sh.old /bin/sh
 # fixhdr -F 8000 /bin/sh
  
 This may seem a bit over the top, but I put it back after!

2.07 Will Elm work on SGI Indigo?

        Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 Well, I had no problems at all configuring and running Elm
 on my SGI Iris under 4.0.5.
 The biggie for SGI is to say Elm is a non ansi application,
 so you need to  list -cckr as an additional compilation flag.
 I took all the defaults from configure and it ran just fine.

2.08 I have problems compiling elm2.4 on HP/Apollo

 * Gordon D. Berkley (gordonb@mcil.comm.mot.com):
 As of ELM2.4pl17, The system compiles cleanly (?) for Apollo.
 This patch level includes many "fixes" that I submitted to ensure
 this.  There *are* many compilor warnings, but they can safely
 be ignored.

 I would suggest discarding any config.sh from a previous Configure,
 though, as this will cause the corrections to NOT work.

 In order to ensure compilation, please be sure to compile
 with SYSTYPE set to "sys5" rather than "bsd".

2.09    I have problems compiling elm2.4 on IBM AIX

 * Steve Adams (adams@spss.com):
 >I am trying to compile the latest and greatest version of ELM on my
 >RS/6000 running 3.2.? (exact level unclear). I received the following
 >error messages about setgid being redefined:
 >
 >"init.c", line 128.16: 1506-132 (S) Function getgid cannot be
 >redeclared.
 >"init.c", line 128.26: 1506-132 (S) Function getuid cannot be
 >redeclared.

 You can get around the problem defining -U__STR__ during 'Configure'
 It will be fixed in PL22.

 * From the monthly posting:
        This version of Elm 2.4 should not require any changes
        to the configure run to link under AIX 3.2 or newer.
 On IBM RISC 6000 AIX, prior to 3.2, you might get string
        function errors on the compile.
 The solution is to do the following:

 Look at /usr/lpp/bos/bsdsport. It tells you to add
 following lines to /etc/xlc.cfg:
  * BSD 4.3 c compiler stanza
  bsdcc:  use        = DEFLT
   crt        = /lib/crt0.o
   mcrt       = /lib/mcrt0.o
   gcrt       = /lib/gcrt0.o
   libraries  = -lbsd, -lc
   proflibs   = -L/lib/profiled,-L/usr/lib/profiled
   options    = -H512,-T512, -qlanglvl=extended, -qnoro,
         -D_BSD, -D_NONSTD_TYPES, -D_NO

        And then link bsdcc to xlc and use bsdcc instead of cc.

 In addition, Elm should be linked with the curses lib
 and not termcap lib if /etc/termcap is not there.
 (You can always copy the termcap database to etc
 (or make a symlink)).

2.10 Compiling elm 2.4 under NS 3.0

 Paul Terray (popaul@binkley.cs.mcgill.ca):
 Check if fcntl.h is included somewhere (as it probably is).
 It contains most of the declaration the program are looking for.
 If not, include it. Then, just comment the include line for unistd.h.

2.11    Elm sends 'empty mail' on 386BSD: why?

 * From the monthly posting:
 On 386bsd, the shell that is shipped with the system,
 ash, does not work for sending messages within Elm.  Mail
 messages have headers only and no body.  Replacing the shell
 with bash (from GNU) seems to solve the problem.  The bash
 shell is in the 'etc' distribution of 386BSD.

 * If you upgrade to current version, this should happen no more.

2.12 Why can't I get SGI to work for non ROOT?

        From the monthly posting:
        SGI, at 3.3, doesn't have vfork, but instead a stub that does
        not work.  Make sure vfork is undef in the configuration.

2.13    I have problems p)rinting messages in 2.4PL20

 When I try and print a message, I get
 "readmsg: Cannot find start of selected message". Why?

 Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 Please take a look at the From_ line of the message you are trying to
 print.  I'm going to guess that it has a complex address, maybe with
 some quoting or special characters, or maybe a strange date syntax.

 The utilities in the current Elm release (including `readmsg') use
 very simpleminded routines to crack the From_ lines.  Some headers
 that Elm handles fine confuse these utilities.  One of the larger
 changes in the next Elm update will be moving all of the From_ and
 ~Date: processing out of the main Elm code and into the library, so
 the utilities (including `readmsg') will use the same algorithms as
 Elm.

 If you look at the From_ line and it doesn't seem particularly
 unusual, feel free to drop me a line.  Most of the changes to
 readmsg and Elm printing came from my hands, and I'm working on
 the aforementioned changes too.  If there is something else broke
 in there, I'd be glad to look at it.

2.14 Elm2.4 PL20 - 'x' key causes segmentation violation

 Nigel Metheringham (nigelm@ohm.york.ac.uk):
 in the file src/exitprog.c, there is a line
     char *msg, answer;
 replace it with
     char msg[SLEN], answer;

2.15 readmsg:illegal option -- I. Why?

 Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 It means you installed an updated `elm' binary but continue
 to use an old version of `readmsg'.

2.16    Forms don't work. Why?

 Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 If you have `forms = ON' in elmrc, Forms is there, but
 the menu items to make a form require that user level
 be set off beginner.  (anything but 0 (beginner))

2.17 ELM does not recognize VMS mail. Why?

 * This is fixed in Pl22.
 
 * Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 Looks to me like you found a bug in Elm's quote parsing routines.
 It just needs to be looked into.

 Reported from: Steen Hammerum (kel2sh@uts.uni-c.dk)

2.18 Huge headers cause Memory Fault. Why?

 Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 Any part of Elm at the 2.x level will abort if given a header line
 that is too long.  It uses fixed length buffers, and at some point
 they overflow, and none too gracefully.
 3.x will support dynamic strings to solve this problem.

2.19    Can I use elm for posting and replying to news?

        * Andreas Spiegl (spiegl@cs.utexas.edu):
        In order to set things up so elm is your mailer when you
        respond r or R to a news article in rn or trn, define an
        environment variable RNINIT that points to an initialization
        file for rn/trn. E.g. .rnrc
        Then put the following line in this file (.rnrc):
        -EMAILPOSTER="elm -i %h -s \"Re: %S\" %t"
        This is from now on telling rn to start elm with the appropriate
        parameters whenever you reply to an article and works great.
        But:  --> This is not for followup postings on the usenet! <--
        If you want to use elm in order to post article, you'd need a
        line with -ENEWSPOSTER instead of -EMAILPOSTER. Then you would
        tell elm (once it was evoked by rn/trn) that you want to send
        this to newsgroupname-with-dashes-instead-of-dots@cs.utexas.edu,
        for example use "comp-mail-misc@cs.utexas.edu". This will post
        your email message to the usenet.
        This is not very convenient though, as you have to convert the
        address manually. Unless you write a nice script for it, of course.
        Be sure to send me a copy if you do. :-)

        * Mike O'Connor (mjo@iao.ford.com):
        Of course, the DEC gateway allows one to gateway email to Usenet with
        email addresses of the following format:
  comp.mail.misc.usenet@decwrl.dec.com
        and has the additional advantage that they carry a LOT of the regional
        newsgroups.
        I still think piping it to sendmail with a macro for R is the way to
        go.  This allows you to use the mailer of your choice, be it elm or
        pine or Berkeley Mail or Z-Mail or whatever.  This gets it into your
        /usr/spool/mail or /usr/mail or /var/mail or wherever.
        
 * Robert Nicholson (robert@steffi.demon.co.uk)
 The objective was to be able to use elm for all news contributions,
 reply/followup.  This way I can then store my postings and replies
 in =sent or filter based on Subject: and store them in a separate
 folder.

 For Replies I added the following to .zshenv:
 export MAILPOSTER="elm -i %h -s \"Re: %S\" %t"

 This invokes elm for replies within trn.

 For Followups it's a bit more involved.
 Now I didn't like the idea of relying on mail2news gateways in order
 to post news.  So I chose to set up an alias to handle postings:
 export NEWSPOSTER="elm -i %h -s \"Usenet News Post\n\n\" usenetnews"

 The postings go to the usenetnews (as opposed to usenet) alias.
 This gets processed in procmail thus.

 :0b
 * ^TOusenetnews
 | sed -n '/Newsgroups/,$p' | /usr/local/news/inews -h

2.20 Compile fails on lib/strftime.c [PL23].

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM):
 A bug was introduced at PL23 that causes the compile to fail on
 pre-ANSI systems.  Change line 114 from "# define P_(x) /**/"
 to "# define P_(x) ()".

2.21 Compile error on SGI Crimson.

 Error:
  cc  -O -I../hdrs    -c opt_utils.c
 accom: Warning 294: opt_utils.c, line 171:
 Function getpwuid has prototyped and non-prototyped declarations.
 Default promotion of non-prototype form of argument 1 does not
 match prototype:
 prototype:  unsigned short is different from actual:  int

 * Spencer Sun (spencer@der.Princeton.EDU):
 in Configure, tell it to use the -cckr flag for cc.

2.22 Problem compiling elm on DEC Alpha, OSF/1 v.1.2

 Error:
 getarpdate.c, line 110: redeclaration of 'timezone';

 * Eiji Hirai (hirai@cc.swarthmore.edu):
 This is fixed in elm 2.4p23 ; I think By the way, you
 should most definitely upgrade to DEC OSF/1 1.3.
 It fixes a tremendous number of bugs from 1.2.  Do it NOW!  :-)

2.23 I can't build Elm 2.4PL23 on Sun 386i SunOS 4.0.2

 * Sydney Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com):
 known bug, will be fixed in Patch 24, but its an easy one:
 in lib/strftime.c, there is a bug in the prototyping macro, it
 currently reads:
 #if ANSI_C
 # define P_(x) x
 #else
 # define P_(x) /**/
 # define const  /**/
 #endif

 and the relevant line needs to read
 # define P_(x) (/**/)

 thats it.

2.24 How can I override a Configure's setup ?

 If you know what Configure makes wrong before running it, then create
 a file "config.over" with your own choices.
 If you don't know it, manually edit Configure output.

2.25 How to solve hdrs/mcprt.h problems with Sequent/PTX 2 ?

 Alan Thew (Alan.Thew@liverpool.ac.uk) reports the following:
 >PTX 2.0x does not like the code in this header file.
 >
 >       cc -Xo  -O -I../hdrs    -c mcprt.c
 >"../hdrs/mcprt.h", line        52: syntax error
 >"../hdrs/mcprt.h", line        53: syntax error
 >"../hdrs/mcprt.h", line        53: incomplete or misplaced function
definition

 >extern int             MCprintf(char *fmt, ...);  <-----

 * Chip Rosenthal (chip@chinacat.Unicom.COM) says:
 The first question is does your system truly support the ANSI
 <stdarg.h> facility, or does it use the traditional Unix <varargs.h>?

 If the first case is true, then your compiler has botched the
 implementation for specifying prototypes for variable-argument
 procedures.  It's possible.  I know of at least one compiler that was
 done while the ANSI spec was still in development, and used an
 unadorned comma at the end of the parameter list to prototype varargs
 routines.

 In this case, you'll need to edit the function declarations in mcprt.h
 Maybe just deleting the "..." ellipses will work.  (It would with the
 aforementioned compiler.)  Maybe you'll have to scrap the prototype
 by removing everything between the parens.

 If the second case is true, then Configure made a boo-boo.  It saw a
 <stdarg.h> file and decided to use that.  If this was the wrong thing
 to do, then you can override Configure by creating a file called
 "config.over" with a single line saying:

  i_stdarg='undef'

 Then run "Configure -d" to rebuild things and re-make.

 * I'll give you the right answer as soon as Alan Thew will tell me
 how did he solve this problem.


3.0 Filter Answers
----------------------

 This part is maintained by Jan Djarv (Jan.Djarv@sa.erisoft.se)

3.01 What documentation exists for filter?

 Besides the man-page (which is rather brief) there is the
 `Elm Filter System Guide' (doc/Filter.guid in the elm distribution).
 A PostScript version is available on dsinc.Myxa.com. 

3.02 What do I need to get filter working?

 You need a MTA (Mail Transport Agent) that reads .forward files
 AND let's you mail to a program.

 A .forward file is put in your home directory, where it is read
 by your MTA. It is here you tell your MTA to pipe the messages
 to filter instead of putting it in your mailbox.

3.03 How can I tell if my system understands .forward files?

 This usually works:
 Make a .forward file in your home directory with the following
 contents:

 \userid, "|/bin/cat - > /your/home/directory/forward.test 2>&1"

 where userid is your username and /your/home/directory is the
 full path to your home directory. The \ is there to avoid
 infinite recursion (i.e. if it wasn't there, the MTA would read
 your .forward again, and see userid a second time, and read your
 .forward again and on and on ...)

 Then mail yourself a message. If all goes well you should have
 1. A message in your incoming mailbox.
 2. A file forward.test that contains the same message as in 1.

 If you get 1 but not 2, it is possible that your MTA doesn't
 support mailing to programs. Take it up with your system
 administrator.  It might also be the case that your MTA has another
 syntax for mailing to programs.

3.04 What do I put in my .forward file?

 "|/full/path/to/filter -vo /some/unique/file"

 (note the placements of the quotes, this is for sendmail at least,
 there are possibly other MTA:s out there that want's it different.
 Try finding a manual if the above doesn't work).

 Always use the full path to filter. Your MTA probably has a
 different PATH than the one you have.

 Also you should personalize your line by for instance
 redirect the errors of filter (that's what -o does, -v just makes
 the errors a bit more verbose) to a file that is unique on
 your system. /tmp/filter.userid (userid == your user name) usually
 does it.

 * Syd Weinstein (syd@Myxa.com)
 explains why your line should be personalized:

 Its not a bug, but a feature of sendmail. Sendmail prevents duplicate
 deliveries to addresses, so a message sent to "a, b, a, b, c"
 would be delivered to "a, b, c", but only one copy to a and b.
 Sendmail does this by sorting and 'uniq'ing the list of addresses.
 If two people's filter invocations in the .forward file match,
 sendmail will gladly coallese these down to one as a duplicate
 delivery address, and the result is exactly what you describe.

 Just get everyone to make their .forward line personal (add a unique
 -o file perhaps) and all will work ok.

 * John Walder (walder@alexia.lis.uiuc.edu ):

 If you have the source code for sendmail, try the following patch to
 the sameaddr() function in the file src/parseaddr.c.  It still
 eliminates duplicate recipients but not duplicate programs (filters).
 This solution is more elegant than continually fixing .forward files.

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    *** parseaddr.c- Tue May  4 10:55:42 1993
    --- parseaddr.c Tue May  4 11:42:52 1993
    ***************
    *** 1525,1530 ****
    --- 1525,1538 ----
        if (a->q_mailer != b->q_mailer)
         return (FALSE);
    
    + /* -- 05/04/93 jdw  LOCAL CHANGE
    +     Allow recipients to forward to the same program/filter!
    +     Have same mailer, so check for delivery to a program
    + */
    + /* fprintf(stderr, "sameaddr(%s,%s)\n", a->q_user, b->q_user); */
    +  if (a->q_mailer == ProgMailer)
    +   return (FALSE);
    + /* -- End LOCAL CHANGE */
    + 
        /* if the user isn't the same, we can drop out */
        if (strcasecmp(a->q_user, b->q_user))
         return (FALSE);

3.05 What is the simples filter-rules file I can write to test filter?

 Well, the simplest is:

 always leave

 which tells filter that it should always put the messages into your
 default mailbox.
 A more interesting example would be:

 if (subject contains "filter-test") then save "~/filter-folder"
      
 which tells filter to save all messages with a Subject: field that
 contains filter-test into the file filter-folder in your home
 directory.
 All other messages will be put into your normal incoming mailbox,
 since that is filters default rule if no other match.
 You can then look at the messages in filter-folder with elm
 (elm -f ~/filter-folder).

3.06 How do I check my filter-rules for typos and other errors?

 Run 'filter -r'. See also the next question.

3.07 Why doesn't the output from filter -r match my filter-rules file?

 Filter reads the rules and converts them to an internal format. When
 it writes them out again, it writes them in a canonical format.

 This is due to the fact that filter has a loose input syntax.

 Each rule is turned into an 'if (...) then ...'.

 The following words are translated:

 contains becomes  =
 &&  becomes  and
 then  becomes  ?
 matches  becomes  ~

3.08 Can I have 'or' in my filter-rules?

 No, filter can't deal with that. Or is implemented by writing another
 rule below the one you want to 'or' with.

3.09 Can I make filter execute more than one rule for a message?

 No. As soon filter find's one applicable rule, it executes that one
 and exits.

3.10 How do I do multiple actions for one rule?

 You can't do that directly in the filter-rules file. You have to
 write a shell script or program that does what you want, and then call
 it with the execute or executec action.

3.11 What headers are available in the filter-rules?

 From, To, and Subject.

 If you answered yes to Configure when it asked "Does your site
 receive e-mail with valid "Reply-To:" and "From:" fields?", the
 From field will be the From: header, or the Reply-To: header if
 one is available (Reply-To: supersedes From:).

 If you answered no, the From line is the From_ header.

        The To field is the concatenation of the To:, Apparently-To:
 and the Cc: headers.

3.12 How do I forward mail to an elm alias from filter?

 Let's say you want to do

 if (subject = hello) forward "mail-alias"

 where mail-alias is an alias you have defined in elm.
 The sad part is that filter doesn't know about elm aliases.
 You have to do something like this:

 if (subject = hello) executec "/full/path/to/elm -s '%s' mail-alias"

3.13 Filter executes my script but the script doesn't work.
 It does work if I run it prom my shell prompt. Why?

 Never assume that the script filter executes has the same PATH that
 you have when logged in.

 Always set the PATH explicitly at the beginning of your script.

3.14 How do I capture the message fed to a script by execute/executec
 for later processing?

 At the start of your script:

 /bin/cat - > /tmp/mail$$

 Then you can grep, and examine /tmp/mail$$ as you would an ordinary
 file. Don't forget to remove /tmp/mail$$ if you don't need it
 afterwards.

3.15 Both execute and executec feeds the message as standard input to
 the script. But what if I don't need it?

 Just ignore it.

3.16 What if I what to do something based on the contents of a message
 (i.e not the headers), or based on some header not available in filter?

 Feed the message to a script using execute/executec, save it
 and do your stuff in the script.

3.17 How can I make filter operate on all messages in a folder?

 You can't directly, but you can make a little script that does the job:

 #!/bin/sh

 frm -n $1 |
 while read no rest
 do
  no=`echo $no|sed 's/[^0-9]//g'`
  readmsg -h $no | filter -vo /what/usually/goes/here
 done


 Start the script with the folder name as argument.
 NOTE: this script is an example, and doesn't work on empty folders.
 If your filter rules try and put something into the folder the
 script  is currently operating on, disaster occurs.

3.18 Can I use filter to automatically answer my mail (like vacation)?

 If you are on vacation you might do something like this:
 In your filter-rules:

 always execuUWVFP(FP0؋F&O F&G&G < ʋЋƋ$6&~&6&F&9EtL2p P3PF&EĞ&(6&>p t*6&>v t
T F&EF  ,6&> ~F  vFĞ&^&9~ Ì~ڹ- F*Ftz8ftF^&8Gui~ tF^&8GuWF+F;F| F9Fu~ tF@t8F^&8Gt,F+F;F~<.6&> t0^&GĞ&v&@F[FF,6&9~2F^&8GuFuӋvzvĞ&7X06&?&& DPĞ&& & 	26&>| u46&z  66& ^&Gȋƻ[ ؎86&>&I86&&a~ t;F*PĞ&& & 	46&z  F*Pv:6&&ud26&>| u46&z  Ğ&& & 	<6&6&6`	 P,>6&F&Ht8PP
|FPPh
P :6&6&6P
|FPPh
P *6&>v t	 B l PP ]	@6&6&6`Ğ&& & 	pP 	B6&R&TĞ&7FD6&FF6& fĞ&7FtH6&&J6&H6&J6& f% = ؎L6&FD6&FF6& ^_]ːU VN6&6 &6rP
N6&6 &6"P
vPrPh
P"Ph
FPrPXX@uNFP"PXX@uQN6&6 &6"P
P6&6(&6&"Ph
FP"PXX@u FV9Vv r9Fv ~ } 	~[s  PrPCu Ɔr  PrPVj36d6brP
udp P~QPVj3FPF- P86&6&6VPR6& [ RPFV-  RP,6&V2^]U WV+PP(FVN6&6 &6FP
N6&6 &64P
PFPh
P4Ph
FP4PXX@uQN6&6 &64P
P6&6(&6&4Ph
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QP9+& &
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u&E
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