DEVELOPING TALENT RESEARCH FINDING: Many highly successful individuals have above-average but not extraordinary intelligence. Accomplishment in a particular act- ivity is often more dependent upon hard work and self-discipline than on innate ability. COMMENT: High academic achievers are not necessarily born "smarter" than others, nor do people born with extraordinary abilities neces- sarily become highly accomplished individuals. Parents, teach- ers, coaches, and the individuals themselves can influence how much a mind or talent develops by fostering self-discipline and encouraging hard work. Most highly successful individuals have above-average but not exceptional intelligence. A high IQ seems less important than specializing in one area of endeavor, per- severing, and developing the social skills required to lead and get along well with others. Studies of accomplished musicians, athletes, and historical figures show that when they were children, they were competent, had good social and communication skills, and showed versatility as well as perseverance in practicing their skill over long periods. Most got along well with their peers and parents. They constantly nurtured their skills. And their efforts paid off. Developing talent takes effort and concentration. These, as much as nature, are the foundation for success. Bloom, B. S. (Ed.). (l985). Developing Talent in Young People. New York: Ballantine Books. Bloom, B. S., and Sosniak, L. A. (November l98l). "Talent Devel- opment vs. Schooling." Educational Leadership, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 86-94. Simon, H. A. (l969). Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge: MIT Press. Walberg, H. J. (September l969). "A Portrait of the Artist and Scientist as Young Men." Exceptional Children, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 5-ll. Walberg, H. J. (Spring l983). "Scientific Literacy and Economic Productivity in International Perspective." Daedalus, Vol. ll2, No. 2, pp. l-28.