Date: Sat, 27 Feb 93 05:00:01 From: Space Digest maintainer Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu Subject: Space Digest V16 #229 To: Space Digest Readers Precedence: bulk Space Digest Sat, 27 Feb 93 Volume 16 : Issue 229 Today's Topics: Alternative Space Station designs Aurora (rumors) (2 msgs) ESA press release How about Skylab II? How to be a councilor at Huntsville...? McElwaine disciplined! (somewhat long) Opening up Space to everyone! Regulation Space Tosses Spaceflight for under $1,000? SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?) (2 msgs) Turpedo Tube in Reverse Missle Launchers. unnecceary violence (was: Nobody cares about Fred?) (2 msgs) UN Space Agency? Vacancy for aerospace research in Ireland Welcome to the Space Digest!! Please send your messages to "space@isu.isunet.edu", and (un)subscription requests of the form "Subscribe Space " to one of these addresses: listserv@uga (BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle (THENET), or space-REQUEST@isu.isunet.edu (Internet). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 24 Feb 93 17:33:26 GMT From: Edward Dansavage Wright Subject: Alternative Space Station designs Newsgroups: sci.space Info request to the net.... I am interested in space station designs not based on the "power tower" concept as was/is Freedom. I am interested in alternative designs such as inflatable structures, geodesic dome configurations etc. Could someone please provide a starting place to look for this information? Is there a particular NASA installation I should contact? As always, Ed Wright University of Wisconsin at Madison ------------------------------ Date: 24 Feb 1993 16:27:39 GMT From: "Peter J. Scott" Subject: Aurora (rumors) Newsgroups: sci.space In article Lawrence Curcio writes: > Uh, it may be fast and all but, uh, what good is an audible spy plane? I think I read once that the Soviet Union (when there was one) had installed auditory sensors at key places along their borders to listen for the sound of an otherwise stealthy plane entering their country at low altitude. Can anyone confirm this one way or the other? -- This is news. This is your | Peter Scott, NASA/JPL/Caltech brain on news. Any questions? | (pjs@euclid.jpl.nasa.gov) ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 26 Feb 93 15:52:07 MET From: PHARABOD@FRCPN11.IN2P3.FR Subject: Aurora (rumors) >Go fast enough and your plane will be LONG gone by the time anyone >(audibly) detects it. >Robert Fentiman (23 Feb 1993 15:22:59 -0600) Suppose Aurora wants to spy on some installation deep inside a big country. Suppose it flies over the border at 30,000 ft up. Before it has penetrated 100 miles inside, the whole country may be on alert. Radio waves, phone calls, e-mail go much faster than any kind of Aurora. But maybe Aurora has been designed to spy on little countries like Panama... However, in that case, the noise would tell the inhabitants they *have been* spied on. >It's not like the Aurora flies RIGHT OVER the target, anyway. According >to the PS article, it's got this neat-o super-detailed SIDE-looking >radar system. In other words, when the thing flies by, it could be a >HUNDRED miles away and still see YOU fine, since it's so high up and >the radar sytem is so high-res. > >It's NOT audible to the target. >Craig Meyer (24 Feb 93 05:25:47 GMT) Sounds a little better, but Aurora should keep rather far off the borders. >At a 100K+ feet up, it would probably not be audible >even if it *was* right overhead. >Dean Adams (Wed, 24 Feb 93 14:02:15 GMT) Why is it extremely audible in the Los Angeles area? Does it fly at rather low altitude? If yes, can it only fly at hypersonic speed ? (it should never land !) Does Aurora hate Los Angeles ? J. Pharabod ------------------------------ Date: Wednesday, 24 Feb 1993 17:14:49 CET From: A6@ESOC.BITNET Subject: ESA press release Newsgroups: sci.space Joint Press Release ESA/EUMETSAT/NOAA Nr.08.93 Paris, 24 February 1993 EUROPEAN WEATHER SATELLITE MOVES CLOSER TO UNITED STATES A new era of international cooperation in the sharing of weather data was marked today when a European weather satellite completed a move to 75 degrees west longitude at 22,500 miles (36,000 km) above the equator. The satellite now provides weather images spanning both East and West Coasts of the United States, Central and South America. Meteosat-3 was launched in 1988 and served as Europe's operational satellite until June 1989. It was developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and operated by ESA on behalf of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The announcement of its move was made at a joint news conference by these agencies and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which operates the United States' geostationary weather satellites known as GOES satellites. The United States normally operates two meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit, one each over the East and West Coasts. However, it has had only one since the failure of GOES-6 in 1989. A planned replacement satellite was lost due to a launch vehicle failure in 1986. The remaining operational satellite, GOES-7, was repositioned midway over the United States. The next GOES launch is projected for April 1994 with a second GOES launch one year later. Meanwhile, if GOES-7 should fail, it is technically possible for Meteosat-3 to move farther west and provide continuing coverage of the United States, Central and South America. Meteosat-3 originally operated at 0 degrees longitude over the equator. It was manoeuvred to a position of 50 degrees west over the equator in August 1991 to supplement NOAA's GOES system. It began the journey to its new location of 75 degrees west longitude 27 January, moving approximately one degree per day in support of the Extended Atlantic Data Coverage mission. At 75 degrees west, Meteosat-3 is no longer within the field of view of the Meteosat station located near Darmstadt, Germany. To be able to continue the operations from ESA's European Space Operations Center (ESOC) it was necessary to build a Meteosat Relay station in Wallops, Virginia. The station, implemented by European industry under ESA management, is connected with ESOC's control center through a trans-Atlantic satellite link. Images from Meteosat-3 are available free of charge and will be used by weather forecasters in both the northern and southern American continents and will also be available to European weather services using already established communications links involving Meteosat 4. There is a tradition of cooperation among operators of geostationary satellites. In 1978, a U.S. GOES satellite was positioned over the Indian Ocean at the request of the World Meteorological Organisation, and operated by the European Space Agency from a ground station in Spain. In 1985, NOAA aided Europe by repositioning a GOES satellite farther east over the Atlantic during the loss of the Data Collection System on Meteosat- 2. * * * Note to Editors : Prints of the first image taken on 19 February 1993 by Meteosat-3 from its new location at 75 degrees West, together with some explanations of the meteorological situation that day, are available from ESA Public Relations at one of the addresses figuring on the first page of this press release.   ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1993 20:52:10 GMT From: David Pugh Subject: How about Skylab II? Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1mg9tmINNoqb@mojo.eng.umd.edu>, sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu (Doug Mohney) writes: |> A few? No, you want to burn Shuttle and buy Soyuz in order to save your |> taxpaying dollars, remember? |> ... |> Rather than trying to cover yourself, why don't you address how much direct |> unemployment would result from your fantasies? I don't want to sound too crass, but who cares? NASA's primary mission should be to develop technology and not to provide jobs. I realize, of course, is not the way it works in the real world. But using the excuse that the system is busted to justify not fixing it does not seem to make a lot of sense. So, for all you Fred fans out there, please tell me what would be wrong with the following: Launch ASAP something like ISF's (?) man tended facility (which was killed, I think, due to NASA's opposition). Develop and launch a skylab II ... a big can with a docking module at one end, life support for 3 people for 6 months. Primary constraint: it can be launched fully assembled and tested by a single shuttle flight. On the next shuttle flight, launch the crew + an ACRV + any interesting science module to attach to the docking module. Make sure Skylab II and the man tendended facility are "close" enough that astronauts have periodic access to it without using the Shuttle. Six months later, replace the crew, ACRV, supplies & repeat. 4 years later, ditch the ACRV in favor of another science module since a world-wide fleet of 20 DC-1s will make it redundant (I hope!). Down the road a bit, use Skylab II as an assembly point for a Fred-type station (i.e. something so big it can't be launch in one piece). Given a serious effort, it doesn't seem impossible to get Skylab II launched within 4 or 5 years, though I'd like to see some numbers on how expensive Skylab was and how long it took to design. -- ... He was determined to discover the David Pugh underlying logic behind the universe. ...!seismo!cmucs!dep Which was going to be hard, because there wasn't one. _Mort_, Terry Pratchett ------------------------------ Date: 24 Feb 93 18:36:06 GMT From: Scott A Koester Subject: How to be a councilor at Huntsville...? Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1mf3sc$3uu@bootes.db.erau.edu> bill@db.erau.edu (Bill) writes: >I have a friend that wants to be a councilor for the Space Camp at huntsville. >Does anyone know the proper channels to go through so she can apply? I guess >she just wants phone numbers of people she needs to call, and she wanted me >to ask here. E-mail replies please. > >Thanx in advance, > > Bill I am also interested in this, highly actually. Please send this information to me in email also if anyone has it. An email address maybe to contact? Thanks.... Scott Koester ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 16:43:52 GMT From: Benjamin T Dehner Subject: McElwaine disciplined! (somewhat long) Newsgroups: sci.skeptic,sci.space,sci.astro,sci.space.shuttle In lord@tradent.wimsey.com (Jason Cooper) writes: >pgf@srl03.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering) writes: >> cs000rjp@selway.umt.edu (Russell J. Pagenkopf) writes: >> >> >In article <24861@alice.att.com> ark@alice.UUCP () writes: >> >>It always worries me when someone is stomped on because of what he says, >> >>even if what he says is unadulturated gibberish. Are we so thin-skinned >> >>that we can't just ignore stuff we don't want to see? >> >> >* SOAPBOX ON * >> >> >I must agree with you Andrew. Just because *you* (newsgroups in >> >general) don't agree with what someone has to say doesn't mean you have the >> >right to CENSOR him/her. Yes, I agree that sometimes some of the posts can >> ... >> >> Maybe it's about time a lot of these people learned about >> a newsreader called 'nn'. >BRAVO! > Jason Cooper The issue here is not about content, but about volume. McElwaines megalithic posted at frequent intervals take up network resources and disk space wether or not I read them or kill them. Furthermore, it seems that McElwaine himself never discussed his posts, but simply reposts and reposts and reposts; in short, an automated pamphlet mailer, as someone else pointed out. However, if you do want to discuss content, McElwaine's stuff was entirely tangential, if not irrelevant, to many of the news groups he was posting too. Would it be okay if I reposted stuff here from, say, comp.os.msdos.4dos? Anybody who says 'no' is trying to violate my freedom of speech, and I can start crying "help, I'm being oppressed". Actually, if I set up an automatic poster to snag random articles from comp.os.msdos.4dos and post them here, you stil couldn't stop me and violate my 'free speech'. Irrelevant of the waste of resources this may represent. Please remember that with freedom comes responsiblility. Specif- ically, responsible use of the resources that the network represents, and recognition of the discussion purposes for which many of the newsgroups were established. I agree that revocation of newsnet access is a serious matter, and should not be done lightly. However, it seems in this case that it was warranted. Ben ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Benjamin T. Dehner Dept. of Physics and Astronomy btd@iastate.edu Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Benjamin T. Dehner Dept. of Physics and Astronomy btd@iastate.edu Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 13:05:31 GMT From: Marvin Batty Subject: Opening up Space to everyone! Newsgroups: sci.space Now that just about every country on the planet seems to have either launched their own astronaut, or had them sent up by other organisations, time for a new angle. Why no disabled people in space? If payload weight is all important, and legs (for instance) are not terribly useful in a low-grav environment, then why not send up astronauts with no legs? The same principle holds for deaf or blind people. Visual or aural communication can still be maintained where one "sense" is disabled, through using computer technology. Plans have been drawn up for hospitals in space to cure those with "terminal" burns, or other conditions influenced by gravity. If disabled people are going to be in space, why just as humanitarian "bagage"? Why not as workers contributing the same level, (if not higher) of input to the space race? With equal opportunities legislation, coupled to a good standard of medical support (not unlike standard life-support!) the presence of disabled people in space seems a real possibility. There really isn't any need that I can see for astronauts etc to be predominantly male (white) and square jawed types of the space-race. I realise this is a novel concept but, think before you flame! -- **************************************************************************** Marvin Batty - djf@cck.cov.ac.uk "And they shall not find those things, with a sort of rafia like attachment, that their fathers put there just the night before. At about 8 O'clock!" ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 15:50:51 GMT From: "Brian A.Laxson" Subject: Regulation Space Tosses Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.space.shuttle Greetings, For a potential 4th year engineering project I could use your help in gathering some background infomation: Does anyone know what/where to find any regulations that exist for astronauts passing objects around in space? Do they just avoid doing it as much as possible? I could use information for both inside a shuttle/station and outside (EVA activites). ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 13:20:31 GMT From: Marvin Batty Subject: Spaceflight for under $1,000? Newsgroups: sci.space Space travel, and indeed pretty much anything to do with Space seems to require billion dollar budgets. But is this absolutely necessary? In an organisation like NASA, or the ESA for that matter, there must be many people employed (paid) whose jobs have little or nothing to do with actually building a space-craft and launching it. Long term planners, financial liasons, Presidential Advisors, caterers, tea-ladies etc, etc. The list must be endless. If, therefore, a company got together for the sole purpose of building and launching one rocket, presumably the costs would be considerably smaller. But does anyone have an idea what would be the minimum cost of putting one man in orbit? Presumably the main costs are launchpad, fuel, lifesupport and rocket. I heard somewhere that the latest Space Shuttle has five computers which combined have less memory than a good PC. Is this really true? Is it really possible for a small organisation to launch a man into space, if that is all it intends doing? I know this has shades of "The Mouse That Roared" but the possibility intrigues me. Ray Bradbury wrote, in The Martian Chronicles of families building their own rocket to get to Mars. James Blish wrote "welcome to Mars", about a boy who gets to Mars by himself. Any serious possibilities? -- **************************************************************************** Marvin Batty - djf@cck.cov.ac.uk "And they shall not find those things, with a sort of rafia like attachment, that their fathers put there just the night before. At about 8 O'clock!" ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 18:27:30 GMT From: tomas o munoz 283-4072 Subject: SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?) Newsgroups: sci.space In article <23FEB199322135640@judy.uh.edu>, wingo%cspara.decnet@Fedex.Msfc.Nasa.Gov writes: |> The above is an opinion and should not be considered by the reader as |> gospel. What about Titan IV ? Admittedly Titan IV's record is not |> stellar, but in the event of a problem the Air Force has 41 of them and |> they could be used in the event of Shuttle stand down due to disaster. There are a couple of problems to this recommendation: Titans can't deliver/retrieve humans if the scenario occurs during permanent manned operations [although the ACRV is already there]. How do you perform the actual payload transfer from the expendable to the SSF if the SSF is unmanned? - You really need IVA for this operation. The number of logistics elements/carriers in the program are limited - you don't want to lose one with a less than stellar vehicle. etc...... |> Also the Station is primarily gravity gradient stabilized in order to |> preserve the microgravity environment. There could be many methods |> implemented to help reduce fuel use in case of trouble. The SSF is in a TEA during most of its life. Depending on the circumstance, you may want to use all your propellant and reboost as high as you can in order to gain as much orbital lifetime as possible. |> In addition, it is my understanding that the primary reason for the |> Fuel on SSF is not for attitude control but for reboost. Now certainly |> they could live without reboost for a few months or even a year or two. This is true at almost any place along SSF assembly. In the PMC phase, you have the ability to fully feather the PV arrays and have orbital lifetime ranging up to ~1.5 years. -- ======================================================================== Tom Munoz | munoz@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov Thought for the day [plagiarized from someone else]: Engineers think equations are an approximation of reality. Physicists think reality is an approximation of the equations. Mathematicians never make the connection. ======================================================================== ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 18:42:26 GMT From: tomas o munoz 283-4072 Subject: SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?) Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1993Feb24.152613.25485@iti.org>, aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes: |> In article <23FEB199322135640@judy.uh.edu> wingo%cspara.decnet@Fedex.Msfc.Nasa.Gov writes: |> >In addition, it is my understanding that the primary reason for the |> >Fuel on SSF is not for attitude control but for reboost. Now certainly |> >they could live without reboost for a few months or even a year or two. |> |> A few months yes but not a year. About 180 days after missing a firing |> (and there is one every Shuttle flight) it will re-enter. Again, during PMC the SSF can fully feather its arrays and have up to ~1.5 years. During assembly, the MB2 configuration has like 700+ days of lifetime to re-entry [defined to be 150 nmi]. These numbers assume an 11-year solar cycle length with a +2 sigma solar flux. The 180 day number is the minimum lifetime the SSF will have under nominal operations. In case of a Shuttle grounding, you can feather your PVs or you can reboost as high as you can and gain lifetime that way. -- ======================================================================== Tom Munoz | munoz@sweetpea.jsc.nasa.gov Thought for the day [plagiarized from someone else]: Engineers think equations are an approximation of reality. Physicists think reality is an approximation of the equations. Mathematicians never make the connection. ======================================================================== ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 17:27:52 GMT From: fred j mccall 575-3539 Subject: Turpedo Tube in Reverse Missle Launchers. Newsgroups: sci.space In <1993Feb23.134855.1@acad3.alaska.edu> nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu writes: >Idea for a way to deploy a missle without having to have hard points or a >"bombbay".. >Have a "bombbay" that opens to drop off the missle. Kind of like a torpedo >tube on a submarine in reverse. >The missle would get its lock from the airplanes sensors.. >Im not sure how to describe my idea.. So tell me what it sounds liek and Ill >say yes or no.. It sounds like a lot of problems to me, if you're talking about doing this at speed. When you open your hatch, you totally change the aerodynamic behaviour of the vehicle. In addition, all that area is probably going to have to be hardened due to shockwave patterns that I would expect to develop around such a 'hatch'. I guess the lesson is that the aerodynamics of the whole plane (including the back side, if I'm picturing this right) are quite important. You can't just spit something out back there. -- "Insisting on perfect safety is for people who don't have the balls to live in the real world." -- Mary Shafer, NASA Ames Dryden ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fred.McCall@dseg.ti.com - I don't speak for others and they don't speak for me. ------------------------------ Date: 24 Feb 1993 17:05:58 GMT From: Doug Mohney Subject: unnecceary violence (was: Nobody cares about Fred?) Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1993Feb23.192827.2545@iti.org>, aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes: >In article <1mdhllINNp1@mojo.eng.umd.edu> sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu writes: > >>However, the initial point stands. Mr. Sherzer will not be happy until every >>stinkin' burrrreo-crat in NASA is unemployed and out on the street, so America >>(waive flag for knee-jerk reaction) can once again >>assume it's manifest destiny in the Universe. > ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ > >Hmmm.... A few months ago I was the enemy of all Loyal Americans because I >was out to destroy the US aerospace insustry and give it to the Russians >by buying a few Soyuz's. >$5 to whoever can tell me just when I changed sides (Doug will be the judge >since he seems to be the only one who knows). Boy this New World Order sure >is confusing! A few? No, you want to burn Shuttle and buy Soyuz in order to save your taxpaying dollars, remember? Whatsammatter Allen, haven't you accused enough people of calling you a liar today? Rather than trying to cover yourself, why don't you address how much direct unemployment would result from your fantasies? Oh, I'm sorry. You don't think those sorts of things out. Software engineering? That's like military intelligence, isn't it? -- > SYSMGR@CADLAB.ENG.UMD.EDU < -- ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 24 Feb 1993 18:35:36 GMT From: "Allen W. Sherzer" Subject: unnecceary violence (was: Nobody cares about Fred?) Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1mg9tmINNoqb@mojo.eng.umd.edu> sysmgr@king.eng.umd.edu writes: >>However, the initial point stands. Mr. Sherzer will not be happy until every >>stinkin' burrrreo-crat in NASA is unemployed and out on the street, so America >>(waive flag for knee-jerk reaction) can once again >>assume it's manifest destiny in the Universe. > ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ >>Hmmm.... A few months ago I was the enemy of all Loyal Americans because I >>was out to destroy the US aerospace insustry and give it to the Russians >>by buying a few Soyuz's. >A few? No, you want to burn Shuttle and buy Soyuz in order to save your >taxpaying dollars, remember? Oh my God! I have gone back to being an agent of Soviet Communism; and in less than 24 hours yet. My $5 offer still stands for my first transition but since I performed this second about face in less than 24 hours it doesn't seem fair to offer it for both times I changed sides. Again, Doug will be the judge since he is so good at finding out that I have changed sides. Allen -- +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Allen W. Sherzer | "A great man is one who does nothing but leaves | | aws@iti.org | nothing undone" | +----------------------111 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX----------------------+ ------------------------------ Date: 24 Feb 93 10:44:20 -0600 From: Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey Subject: UN Space Agency? Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1993Feb24.003734.2764@Princeton.EDU>, phoenix.Princeton.EDU!carlosn (Carlos G. Niederstrasser) writes: > In article <1993Feb20.174127.1@acad3.alaska.edu> nsmca@acad3.alaska.edu writes: >> Is there a UN Space Agency > > They have the Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPOUS) Sometimes known (according to Arthur Clarke) as the Committee on the Useful Pieces of Outer Space. Bill Higgins | "I shop at the Bob and Ray Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory | Giant Overstocked Surplus Bitnet: HIGGINS@FNAL.BITNET | Warehouse in one convenient Internet: HIGGINS@FNAL.FNAL.GOV | location and save money besides SPAN/Hepnet: 43011::HIGGINS | being open every evening until 9." ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 25 Feb 93 20:26:51 GMT From: Joe Desbonnet Subject: Vacancy for aerospace research in Ireland ******************************************************************** Vacancy for Engineer/Physicist/Computer Scientist: We require a postdoctoral/industrial researcher with experience in real-time signal/image processing and pattern recognition (particu- larly using AI methods) to work in the FLAME consortium. The post is vacant immediately. FLAME (Future Laser Atmospheric Measurement Equipment) is a major 2-3 year avionics project, funded by BRITE-EURAM, headed by Sextant Avionique. It is intended to produce an airborne instrument which can detect aircraft wake vortices, windshears and microbursts - all of which are potential causes of aircraft crashes. We are responsible for the signal processing work package. We can offer an attractive salary commensurate with experience. For more information contact (before 20th March 1993) either: Dr M. Redfern, Dept of Physics, University College Galway, Ireland EMail: PHYREDFERN@BODKIN.UCG.IE Phone: +353-91-24411 ext 2717 or Dr John Eaton, Aerospace Engineering Research Unit, University College Galway, Ireland. Phone: +353-91-24411 x2769 FAX:+353-91-50503 ******************************************************************** ------------------------------ From: M Bartos Newsgroups: sci.space Subject: Medical information Summary: Any sources for medical effects of space? Keywords: space medicine Message-Id: <32281@castle.ed.ac.uk> Date: 24 Feb 93 16:22:56 GMT Organization: Edinburgh University Lines: 13 Sender: news@CRABAPPLE.SRV.CS.CMU.EDU Source-Info: Sender is really isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU I'm quite interested in the prolonged effects of space and generally other medical matters pertaining to spaceflight. Would anyone have some sources they'd recommend for further reading? I'm studying medicine so technical depth is not a concern, also I'm contemplating what to do with my elective study time - some portion of my 16wks spent investigating space medicine abroad would be quite interesting. (Erm, I wasn't thinking of space - I was being serious... though come to think of it ;-)). Ex-Soviet sources would also be of interest. (I've no objection to learning some Russian.) Best regards, Martin Bartos (M.Bartos@ed.ac.uk - or uk.ac.ed for those in the U.K.) ------------------------------ End of Space Digest Volume 16 : Issue 229 ------------------------------