Date: Wed, 4 Nov 92 05:02:59 From: Space Digest maintainer Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu Subject: Space Digest V15 #376 To: Space Digest Readers Precedence: bulk Space Digest Wed, 4 Nov 92 Volume 15 : Issue 376 Today's Topics: Comet Collision Environmental/space inforamtion Hubble's mirror low earth orbits NASA Coverup (3 msgs) Pumpkins to Orbit requesting help with plant growth research Russian Engines for DC-Y? (2 msgs) STS-53 Press Kit (Forwarded) Surveyor landings (was Re: QUESTIONS: Apollo, Earth, Moon) (2 msgs) the Happyface on Mars UN Space/Moon Treaty? VIDEOTAPE OF OCT 9 FIREBALL (2 msgs) Why Vote? X-15 plastic model (2 msgs) Welcome to the Space Digest!! Please send your messages to "space@isu.isunet.edu", and (un)subscription requests of the form "Subscribe Space " to one of these addresses: listserv@uga (BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle (THENET), or space-REQUEST@isu.isunet.edu (Internet). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 21:53:32 GMT From: Peter Monta Subject: Comet Collision Newsgroups: sci.space In article amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk writes: > ... > There is an exponential because of the unpredictable > interactions between areas of knowledge. A discovery in surface > chemistry leads to a new chip that allows an instrument that lets > physicists study an effect that leads to a new instrument that lets > biologists unravel new secrets of the mind... and so on. > > ... > My own feelings are that 2020 is about the limit > at which things start getting very strange: the exponential will be > essentially vertical with respect to human perceptions of time. > ... Yes, Vernor Vinge makes these points most eloquently in _The Peace War_ and especially in the sequel _Marooned in Real Time_. He does not posit strong AI, but powerful automation and some new physics are the rule. Don't want to give much away, but he also deals with the other side of the vertical line; there is a description of what life is like just short of "singularity". Much entertaining speculation, and some of the characters are riveting. Peter Monta monta@image.mit.edu MIT Advanced Television Research Program ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 18:02:12 GMT From: "Carlos G. Niederstrasser" Subject: Environmental/space inforamtion Newsgroups: sci.space A friend of mine needs books on how space has affected environmental sciences on the earth. For example landsat imaging, UARS, etc. Any ideas would be appreciated. -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Carlos G. Niederstrasser | It is difficult to say what | | Princeton Planetary Society | is impossible; for the dream of | | | yesterday, is the hope of today | | | and the reality of tomorrow | | carlosn@phoenix.princeton.edu |---------------------------------| | space@phoenix.princeton.edu | Ad Astra per Ardua Nostra | --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Carlos G. Niederstrasser | It is difficult to say what | | Princeton Planetary Society | is impossible; for the dream of | | | yesterday, is the hope of today | ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 92 21:39:06 GMT From: "Donald H. Locker" Subject: Hubble's mirror Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space Now that I know a little about mirror-making, I'd like to hear again how the Hubble mirror contractor messed up the figure of the main mirror. I understand it has spherical aberration, but wonder how [Rockwell?] managed to do that. Thanks for any info. -- Donald. Speaking only for myself. "You can't set glasses or a book on a door or a bathroom!" - djl ------------------------------ Date: 2 Nov 92 19:53:01 GMT From: Bruce Watson Subject: low earth orbits Newsgroups: sci.space In article Subject: NASA Coverup Newsgroups: sci.space,alt.conspiracy From article <1992Nov3.134800.4317@athena.mit.edu>, by mcconley@athena.mit.edu (Marc W Mcconley): > In article <1992Nov3.033855.48781@datamark.co.nz> david@datamark.co.nz (David Rowland) writes: >>In article <4581@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us> snarfy@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us writes: > > Sorry to participate in this awful flame war, but I just think it's funny. > This assumes, of course, that the JFK conspiracy was politically motivated, > when, clearly, it was masterminded by Elvis to get to Marilyn Monroe. > And there's a van driving around San Francisco that somehow ties in Stephen King. -John D. Boggs john-boggs@uiowa.edu ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 03 Nov 92 10:50:57 PST From: snarfy@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us Subject: NASA Coverup Newsgroups: sci.physics,sci.space,alt.conspiracy Well , it sounds like the willingness to cling to some kind of la-la land belief that our government wouldn't lie to us about the moon landings won't just melt in the face of straightforward ,elementary mathematics ,and piles of circumstantial evidence. I guess I'll just have to use even bigger piles of circumstantial evidence and MORE math. Here goes: In one sixth gravity , a 180 pound man would weigh a mere 30 pounds. 6/180 = 30 Writers had programmed the public to expect spectacular athletic feats when astronauts explored the moon. In the November 1967 issue of Science Digest an article entitled "How to walk on the Moon " predicted that men would be able to make 14 foot slow motion leaps, perform backflips and other gymnastics like professionals. and be able to easily move up ladders and poles with their arms . An astronaut, , even in a cumbersome suit could jump six times higher on the moon than on earth. Even though the alleged weight of the spacesuits and backpacks was 185 pounds , the total combined weight of a 185 pound astronaut and his suit would only be 62 pounds on the moon . This is still only one third of the astronaut's weight. Therefore , they should have been able to jump far higher than they could on the earth without any difficulty. The average person can jump about 18 inches vertically without a run. On all of the video footage shot by the astronauts while in the moonwalking mode , the highest leaps performed by the most vigorous individuals, such as John Young, never amounted to more than about 18 inches, while they were THEORETICALLY CAPABLE OF SLOW BACKFLIPS! Another thing. The practical design of a spacesuit would dictate that economy of weight be a prime consideration, for the purposes of maximizing payloads. The value of 185 pounds cannot be accounted for unless you attribute most of this weight to some mysteriously heavy equipment in the the backpack. While a Scuba diver's dual tanks weigh in at about 80 pounds and are designed to aid the diver in sinking to the bottom , presumably the astronaut's air containment system would be significantly lighter. If we allow 40 pounds for air containment, 20 pounds for a hefty battery , and 40 or so pounds for lightweight heat pumps and the like ,that leaves 85 pounds for the suit itself . This is just not a believable figure judging from the general appearance of flexibilty of the material. If we merely assume that most of this alleged weight was taken up by the backpack and helmet assemblies , placing the center of gravity high above the astronaut's waist , the astronauts would have been a great deal more "hunched over" to a near "V" position with helmet and backpack positioned equally distant from a center line drawn straight up from the toes , just to be able to maintain their balance. Yet a "lean" effect is just slightly noticeable in a photograph of one of the astronauts saluting a flag planted on the moon.In the photograph,the angle of lean is more consistent with a backpack weighing about 45 to 65 pounds . I invite interested science oriented individuals to research this conclusion for themselves. During Apollo 17 , astronauts Cernan and Scmitt began their first assignment by deploying and loading the Rover . Cernan apparently became quite excited and his Capsule Communicator , astronaut Parker warned him that his metabolic rate was going up. That meant that he was using more oxygen. Cernan replied that he never felt calmer in his life and indicated to Parker that he would take it easy . He mentioned to Parker that he thought that it was due to getting accustomed to handling himself in "zero g". Parker, an astronomer, then stated that he thought Cernan was working at 1/6 gravity. Cernan's reply was "Yes. You know where we are....whatever." This remark suggests that Cernan wanted to avoid the discussion. Perhaps Parker was not aware of the high gravity situation and asked an embarrassing question. Coming Next: Ten Embarrassing Questions about the Moon ------------------------------ Date: 4 Nov 92 04:07:13 GMT From: "Michael V. Kent" Subject: NASA Coverup Newsgroups: sci.physics,sci.space,alt.conspiracy In article <4586@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us> snarfy@cruzio.santa-cruz.ca.us writes: > Well , it sounds like the willingness to cling to some kind of la-la > land belief that our government wouldn't lie to us about the moon > landings won't just melt in the face of straightforward ,elementary > mathematics > 6/180 = 30 Thank you. This is the biggest laugh I've had all day. > Coming Next: Ten Embarrassing Questions about the Moon I can hardly wait. Mike -- Michael Kent kentm@rpi.edu McDonnell Douglas Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Tute Screwed Aero Class of '92 Apple II Forever !! ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1992 00:20:01 GMT From: "Simon E. Booth" Subject: Pumpkins to Orbit Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1992Nov3.204433.20579@s1.gov> jtk@s1.gov (Jordin Kare) writes: >In article <17096@mindlink.bc.ca> Bruce_Dunn@mindlink.bc.ca (Bruce Dunn) writes: >> >>Last year, about 7,000 people gathered for the annual competition, the object >>of which is to hurl your pumpkin farther than anyone else's, using a >>contraption of whatever design - catapult, slingshot, centrifuge, crossbow - >>you think will do the job.... > >[Discussion of pumpkin chuckin' contest deleted] >> >>Which raises the question: Are we safe here in metropolitan Washington? >> >>"Oh, I don't think they'll fly that far," says a Lewes Chamber of Commerce >>spokesman, pausing a beat and adding, "Give us anouther couple of years." >> >>(end quote) >> >> Here is your chance. Just think of the papers which could be written. >> >>"The optomiziation of a linear propulsion device for vegetable matter" >>"The subsonic and suspersonic aerodynamics of pumpkins" >>"Investigation of maximal G forces sustainable by living tissue, using a >>novel inexpensive surrogate for the human head" >> > >A few years ago, when the SDIO Laser Propulsion Program was looking at >pulsed laser ablation for propulsion, one of the potential "propellants" >was water ice. Since ice is a pain to work with, especially in a vacuum >chamber, one contractor did a small number of tests on 95% water in >solid form -- cucumber slices. While the experiments themselves didn't >lead anywhere, a party discussion with Jay Freeman did lead to >a variety of applications: > > Zucchini thrusters -- solve the annual zucchini surplus and > get cheap space launch at the same time. > > Scaling up -- watermelon thrusters with zucchini strap-ons > > MIRV's -- Multiple Independent Re-entry Vegetables > > "Incoming Soviet Watermelons detected, Sir! They're not > decoys -- we have seed echoes" > > And finally: > SVI -- The Strategic Vegetable Initiative > "A zucchini at 10 km/s can ruin your whole day" > Over enemy teritory: they look up and see Slim Pickens riding a giant watermelon,waving his hat going YE-HAA!! (bad joke, I know) Simon ------------------------------ Date: 3 Nov 92 11:17:51 CST From: Dudley Knappe Subject: requesting help with plant growth research Newsgroups: bionet.plants,sci.bio,sci.bio.technology,sci.research,sci.space Sorry to interrupt your net.reading. I have searched FAQs for hours now for references to plant growth experiments in different gravitational environments and have found nothing. I am looking for papers, ftp sites, abstracts, or reference materials on plant growth in different gravity conditions. Pointers to papers, references, etc. from NASA plant growth experiments in zero gravity or work done on plant growth in gravitationally chaotic environments (constant tumbling?) would be much appreciated. Any other related references are certainly welcome! Please e-mail me at dudley@fig.cray.com as I am not a regular reader of these newsgroups. I will summarize the information for anyone who may be interested. Thanks for your help! And now back to your regular news..... -- Dudley Knappe, Software Development Division Cray Research, Inc. Phone: (612) 683-5529 655F Lone Oak Drive E-mail: dudley@cray.com or uunet!cray!dudley Eagan, MN 55121 ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 22:05:57 GMT From: Brad Whitehurst Subject: Russian Engines for DC-Y? Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1992Nov3.201447.12647@iti.org> aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes: >In article <1992Nov3.200053.11520@seq.uncwil.edu> bgoffe@seq.uncwil.edu (Bill Goffe) writes: > >>An article in the Oct. 28 _Wall Street Journal_ describes how Pratt & >>Whitney announced an agreement to market NPO Energomash's (said to >>be Russia's leading rocked designer) engines in the U.S. > >That is good news. Does this mean RD-170's will be available? > There's a good article in the latest Av. Week about this. Yes, they will try to market the RD-170/171. I don't have the mag with me right now, but P&W will be the sole rep. for Energomash in North America (I think). The time scale for actual engine availability was undefined (depending on the application, I'm sure). >>Some time back I recall reading that no one engine seemed ideal for >>use in the DC-Y. An chance there'd be something usable from NPO >>Energomash? > >I don't think they make a cryogenic engine so it doesn't seem they >would have an off the shelf solution. > Av. Week had a second article on the NPO RD-701, a tri-fuel engined which burns kerosene, LOX, and LH2, with continuously variable fuel transition from kerosene to LH2. Is this to customize the rocket performance as a function of altitude, load, etc.? The thrust figures for all kerosene were significantly higher than with pure LH2. -- Brad Whitehurst | Aerospace Research Lab rbw3q@Virginia.EDU | We like it hot...and fast. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 21:58:28 GMT From: Josh 'K' Hopkins Subject: Russian Engines for DC-Y? Newsgroups: sci.space aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes: >In article <1992Nov3.200053.11520@seq.uncwil.edu> bgoffe@seq.uncwil.edu (Bill Goffe) writes: >>An article in the Oct. 28 _Wall Street Journal_ describes how Pratt & >>Whitney announced an agreement to market NPO Energomash's (said to >>be Russia's leading rocked designer) engines in the U.S. >That is good news. Does this mean RD-170's will be available? The subject is covered in _Space News_. While they don't specifically say that the RD-170 will be available, they do say that P&W will be marketing the Russian hardware, and they mention the RD-170 as "the engine that everyone in the world would like to get his hands on." Apparently P&W sees this as very useful for their NLS work. >>Some time back I recall reading that no one engine seemed ideal for >>use in the DC-Y. An chance there'd be something usable from NPO >>Energomash? >I don't think they make a cryogenic engine so it doesn't seem they >would have an off the shelf solution. The article mentions the RD-701 which uses kerosene, LOX and hydrogen. I assume this is a cryogenic engine. I believe that the Russians recently started operating a cryogenic engine somewhere, so it would be a good bet the Energomash has one already built. -- Josh Hopkins jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu "We can lick gravity, but the paperwork's a bit tougher." Wernher von Braun ------------------------------ Date: 2 Nov 92 21:23:06 GMT From: Bruce Watson Subject: STS-53 Press Kit (Forwarded) Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1992Nov2.005136.26731@news.arc.nasa.gov| yee@atlas.arc.nasa.gov (Peter Yee) writes: | | SPECIAL NOTICE: Department of Defense-1 (DoD-1), the primary |payload on mission STS-53, is classified... |.. the primary payload and activities associated |with it will not be identified or discussed before, during or |after the flight in any public forum or medium, including |briefings, printed materials or interviews. | |STS-53 QUICK LOOK | |Launch Date and Site: Dec. 2, 1992 | Kennedy Space Center, Fla. -- Pad 39A | |Launch Window: 6:59 a.m. EST | |Orbit/Inclination: 200 x 200 nm / 57 degrees (DOD-1) | |Vehicle/Payload Pounds | |Department of Defense-1 and Support Equipment (DOD-1) 23,215 But look what they *have* told us. -- Bruce Watson (wats@scicom) Tumbra, Zorkovick; Sparkula zoom krackadomando. ------------------------------ Date: 3 Nov 92 20:59:11 GMT From: Henry Spencer Subject: Surveyor landings (was Re: QUESTIONS: Apollo, Earth, Moon) Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space In article <1992Nov2.114513.2667@mdcbbs.com> rivero@mdcbbs.com (Michael Rivero) writes: >... still later, portions of one of the landers (#2, I think) were >returned to earth by the crew of Apollo 12. Surveyor 3 was the one that Apollo 12 collected souvenirs from. :-) Surveyor 2 wasn't suitable for this purpose, having crashed after a failure in one of its vernier engines sent it tumbling out of control during retrofire. The other failure of the 7-mission program, incidentally, was Surveyor 4. It abruptly went silent, quite mysteriously, shortly before landing. If this was a transmitter failure and not something more fundamental, it may actually have landed safely. -- MS-DOS is the OS/360 of the 1980s. | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology -Hal W. Hardenbergh (1985)| henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 3 Nov 92 21:02:06 GMT From: Henry Spencer Subject: Surveyor landings (was Re: QUESTIONS: Apollo, Earth, Moon) Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space In article <1992Nov2.175554.26242@kbsw1> chris@kbsw3.UUCP (Chris Kostanick 806 1044) writes: >>further reduce the descent velocity. At 4.3 km above the surface, the >>three thrusters were shut off, and the spacecraft simply dropped the >>remainder of the way down, landing at a velocity of 11 km/hour. > >If I understand you correctly, this means that I could drop over >a mile on the moon and walk away from the landing... 'Fraid not. Ron appears to have been the latest victim of the what's- three-orders-of-magnitude-between-friends bug. :-) The Surveyors dropped 4.3m, not 4.3km. -- MS-DOS is the OS/360 of the 1980s. | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology -Hal W. Hardenbergh (1985)| henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 03 Nov 1992 21:44:44 GMT From: ASTORQUIZA LUMSDEN JAIME RODRIGO Subject: the Happyface on Mars Newsgroups: sci.space Hi all. Long time ago i haead about pictures of the FACE, please tell me where i can get it. Thanks in advance. Jaime R. Astorquiza ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 22:38:39 GMT From: Tom Nugent Subject: UN Space/Moon Treaty? Newsgroups: sci.space stu5s33@bnr.ca (Robert Nychka) writes: >I am looking for information concerning the "Moon Treaty" or some sort >of treaty drafted by the UN dealing with "...the Use of the Moon >and Other Celestial Bodies". >Specifically I'm looking for limitations on private exploration and >exploitation of space, and if there are - if they are enforcable, and by >whom? If I remember correctly, the Moon Treaty declares the Moon (and maybe all other celestial bodies) the inheritance of all mankind or something like that - very similar to what they've done in Antarctica. Meaning, no companies can own land, and it's only to be used for scientific investigation. Now as to enforcement, well, if you can get there in the next 5 years, I think you'd have a few years _at least_ before any government could even get anything there. Think if you tried to set up a factory in Antarctica. YOu'd get kicked off pretty quick, and taken before some international court, all by an international military force. This would be harder to do on the Moon, but if you had any sort of requirements from Earth, they'd starve you out to get you to come back. If they did get up there, though, they'd probably bring enough force (eventually) to kick you off. There is one point though: I don't think the U.S. ever signed the Moon Treaty. I'm not sure, however. I also could have mis-stated what the Treaty actually says. This is what I remember, however. -- Tom Nugent voice:(217)328-0994 e-mail:tjn32113@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu "To be average scares the hell out of me." -- Anonymous ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 92 19:24:42 GMT From: Dave Jones Subject: VIDEOTAPE OF OCT 9 FIREBALL Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space Mike Coren (mikec@spider.co.uk) wrote: > In article <1992Oct27.210726.1@uwovax.uwo.ca> pbrown@uwovax.uwo.ca writes: > (regarding the fireball seen over the eastern US on October 9): > >The fireball produced a meteorite which hit the trunk of a high > >school student's car in Peekskill, New York. > > I realize this has nothing to do with sci.astro or sci.space, but would > automobile insurance cover that? Seriously. Does anybody know if the > high school student made a claim? > Most students are hard pressed to carry minimum required insurance, so I doubt if this one had Acts of God covered..... -- ||Halloween Candy: the office snack | ||from Nov. 1st onwards............... |Puff the Magic Dragon ||-------------------------------------|Lived by the sea ||Dave Jones (dj@ekcolor.ssd.kodak.com)|Who knows what's in the autumn mists ||Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester, NY |In the mind of Yadallee? ------------------------------ Date: 4 Nov 92 08:15:40 GMT From: Ron Baalke Subject: VIDEOTAPE OF OCT 9 FIREBALL Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space Mike Coren (mikec@spider.co.uk) wrote: > In article <1992Oct27.210726.1@uwovax.uwo.ca> pbrown@uwovax.uwo.ca writes: >> (regarding the fireball seen over the eastern US on October 9): >> The fireball produced a meteorite which hit the trunk of a high >> school student's car in Peekskill, New York. >> > I realize this has nothing to do with sci.astro or sci.space, but would > automobile insurance cover that? Seriously. Does anybody know if the > high school student made a claim? I've heard that the car in question is up for sale to the highest bidder. It will probably end up in a museum. Also, the meteorite has been sold. I've talked to the individual who bought it - he wouldn't tell me how much he bought it for. The meteorite weighs 27 pounds and one side of the meteorite has red paint on it from impact with the car. The meteorite went all the way through the car at a very high speed. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |__ M/S 525-3684 Telos | Give people a second /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | chance, but not a third. |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 21:23:02 GMT From: j_butler@ponil.enet.dec.com Subject: Why Vote? Newsgroups: talk.abortion,soc.motss,sci.space (Re: 50976) Gary...well said...Bravo! John B. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 18:02:59 GMT From: "Carlos G. Niederstrasser" Subject: X-15 plastic model Newsgroups: sci.space,rec.aviation.military,rec.models.scale Does anyone know of an X-15 plastic scale model? Who makes it, and is it still available? Any information appreciated! Please respond via e-mail. -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Carlos G. Niederstrasser | It is difficult to say what | | Princeton Planetary Society | is impossible; for the dream of | | | yesterday, is the hope of today | | | and the reality of tomorrow | | carlosn@phoenix.princeton.edu |---------------------------------| | space@phoenix.princeton.edu | Ad Astra per Ardua Nostra | --------------------------------------------------------------------- -- --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Carlos G. Niederstrasser | It is difficult to say what | | Princeton Planetary Society | is impossible; for the dream of | | | yesterday, is the hope of today | ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Nov 1992 21:30:48 GMT From: "e.l.watkins" Subject: X-15 plastic model Newsgroups: sci.space,rec.aviation.military,rec.models.scale In article <1992Nov3.180259.22021@Princeton.EDU> phoenix.Princeton.EDU!carlosn (Carlos G. Niederstrasser) writes: > >Does anyone know of an X-15 plastic scale model? Who makes it, and is it still >available? Any information appreciated! Yes, Monogram has a very nice 1/72 scale X-15A-2 which can be shortend into the original X-15, if you wish. Also their was a vacuformed X-15 but was not very accurate. Revell used to make a 1/64 scale X-15. Also avialble is Monograms X-15 with B-52 mother ship(1/72 big), and a B-52 X-15 combo in 1/200 from DML, just out. > >Please respond via e-mail. > ------------------------------ End of Space Digest Volume 15 : Issue 376 ------------------------------