Date: Mon, 14 Sep 92 05:00:26 From: Space Digest maintainer Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu Subject: Space Digest V15 #197 To: Space Digest Readers Precedence: bulk Space Digest Mon, 14 Sep 92 Volume 15 : Issue 197 Today's Topics: African culture, demographics (was Terraforming) (2 msgs) Clinton, Gore, Space Clinton and Space Funding ESA Council meeting report European students design satellite Is NASA really planning to Terraform Mars? (3 msgs) Mars Direct Mirrors Old data formats (was New lunar spacecraft) (2 msgs) Small comet impact theory Terraforming Mars Terraforming needs to begin now Toward 2001 - 14 Sep Understanding human behavious in isolation Welcome to the Space Digest!! Please send your messages to "space@isu.isunet.edu", and (un)subscription requests of the form "Subscribe Space " to one of these addresses: listserv@uga (BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle (THENET), or space-REQUEST@isu.isunet.edu (Internet). ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sun, 13 Sep 92 16:34:00 BST From: amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk Subject: African culture, demographics (was Terraforming) Josh: I'm not at home where I could pull out the demographic and anthropological stuff, but it basically comes down to this: Much of african tribal culture is based on a very stable extended family. The cost of an extra child, in or out of wedlock, is not very high for the child bearer. On the other hand, the increased number of children is seen as a means of security in old age. In most other cultures the cost of extra children has caused a decrease in their desirability once the demographic transition has been completed. This has thus far not been the case in Africa. That is not to say that it will always be the case: that is my point. There are already independant stirrings with SOME african nations that maybe the cultural pattern does need to change, and that it is not merely western cultural imperialism: their own survival is at stake. I seriously doubt it will go as far as the "four horsemen", but they are always there to "concentrate the mind most wonderfully". There is really not much the outside world can do except keep up a gentle pressure to assist those on the inside who are attempting to change ancient ways of thinking. If you are really interested, I can probably dig up a title or two. I have no idea if they are in print, but they might be available through university libraries (one of them was a special source book put together for a CMU university wide course on world population, done in ~1986) It is really rather difficult to explain complex demographic and cultural interactions in anything less than the scale of a full text book. Although I find this discussion quite interesting, I think it is getting a bit far afield... ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 1992 17:07:39 GMT From: Josh 'K' Hopkins Subject: African culture, demographics (was Terraforming) Newsgroups: sci.space amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk writes: >Josh: >Much of african tribal culture is based on a very stable extended >family. The cost of an extra child, in or out of wedlock, is not very >high for the child bearer. On the other hand, the increased number of >children is seen as a means of security in old age. I would agree with that to an extent. However, figures I have seen (admitedly not from unbiased sources and not ones I can find and cite here) suggest that large numbers of third world women would happily have fewer children if that were an option. Granted "fewer children" may mean five instead of eight, but I think you get my point. >I seriously doubt it will go as far as the "four horsemen", but they >are always there to "concentrate the mind most wonderfully". There is >really not much the outside world can do except keep up a gentle >pressure to assist those on the inside who are attempting to change >ancient ways of thinking. Agreed. IMHO, we need to help those who are moving in the right direction. Since the mid 80's under Reagan, America has stopped giving any aid to the UN agency that deals with population because they were upset about the Chinese using abortions as a method of population control. I think we should be taking a moderate approach, rather than "forcing Africans at gunpoint.." which was a caricature from the laissez faire side of my point of view or the "someone will solve it before it becomes a problem - let's go have a beer" view that the laissez faire side seems to have. > Although I find this discussion quite interesting, I think it >is getting a bit far afield... Agreed :) I'm done. I suggest anyone who wants to continue should move to another newsgroup or take it to e-mail. -- Josh Hopkins "I believe that there are moments in history when challenges occur of such a compelling nature that to miss them is to j-hopkins@uiuc.edu miss the whole meaning of an epoch. Space is such a challenge" - James A. Michener ------------------------------ Date: 13 Sep 92 16:57:47 GMT From: John McDonald Subject: Clinton, Gore, Space Newsgroups: sci.space I think something is missing from the discussion of the Democratic position on space. The one thing no one has noticed, is that both SSF and the Shuttle are PORK BARREL projects. NO president, Dem or GOP or Lib or Green, would dump these projects outright. Both projects represent thousands of jobs and billions of dollars for the economies of the communities that host NASA centers. To suggest that a president would outright dump such an economic boon is absurd. The space station depends on the Shuttle for its very existence. So, support the space station and you support the Shuttle. The advocation of alternative launch systems does not preclude the perpetuation of the Shuttle program, and may even save us a little money on the way. Am i the only one who questioned why we were spending half a billion bucks to save a privately owned communications satellite? Am i the only one who wonders if it is worth half a billion bucks to study whether wasps will reproduce in space? I happen to think the space station is a pretty good idea, but i have no illusions about its purpose. It is primarily to be build to keep corporations in business. When in orbit, it will be used to develop technologies that basically support the businesses with the occasional spin-off to the public. But if someone were to tell me that the SSF monies were to be taken and given to smaller unmanned projects like a mission to Pluto, Cassini, Magellan's survival, COBE, etc... then i would have no hesitation. The knowledge return per dollar is much higher for those smaller missions.... John McDonald begin 664 signature.uu M:F]H;E\M7U\M7U\M7U\M7U\M7U\M7U\M7U\M7U\M7U\M7VUC9&]N86QD"@E! M7-I8W,* ------------------------------ Date: 13 Sep 92 15:04:40 GMT From: "Frederick A. Ringwald" Subject: Clinton and Space Funding Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro,talk.politics.space,alt.politics.bush,alt.politics.clinton In article <1992Sep12.194702.23291@usl.edu> pssres12@ucs.usl.edu (Vignes Gerard M) writes: > but we also know that Clinton and Gore are > hostile to technology and research spending > and especially to projects involving > space exploration and astronomy. Would you or someone else please explain this, particularly this last item? I can't say I'm too enthusiastic about the other side, either, as the last four years have not gone well. My three best job prospects are all abroad, so it looks like I ought to emigrate. Just the same, I'll leave an absentee ballot. I'll miss the dear old U.S.A., but I worked hard to get up from nothing into the cultural elite: it'd be a shame to quit now. Fred Ringwald Department of Physics & Astronomy Dartmouth College Hanover, NH 03755-3528 U.S.A. (for the time being, at least) ------------------------------ Date: 12 Sep 92 20:51:59 GMT From: Bev Freed Subject: ESA Council meeting report Newsgroups: sci.space European Space Agency 09 September 1992 STATUS REPORT ON THE ESA COUNCIL MEETING 9 SEPTEMBER 1992 The ESA Council, meeting in Paris on 8 September 1992, considered the evolution of the planning for the Agency's policy and programmes which was previously discussed in Council in June and July 1992. Since these previous meetings, further budget constraints in the Agency's Member States have emerged and new perspectives have opened up for wider cooperation with international partners, in particular with Russia, and beyond the already existing close cooperation with the US, for the realisation of Europe's space objectives including manned spaceflight. The plan presented to Delegations still contains a financial envelope of around Ecu 22 billion in the planning of the Agency's activities covering the years from 1993-2000, which includes a reduction of about Ecu one billion compared to the earlier spending proposed by the Agency. One of the main features of the new proposal consists of the introduction of a reorientation phase which will be devoted to intensive studies with Russia on a possible joint development of a future space transportation vehicle and some servicing elements. In addition, the new proposal contains definition studies on the different steps leading to a Euro-Russian Space Station, starting with an ESA contribution to Mir 2. This cooperation will, after the first years, be developed on a non- exchange of funds basis. This phase is to be completed within the next three years after which decisions concerning the follow-on of these programmes will be taken. Delegations expressed their support for the realistic approach taken by ESA, in particular as far as the budgetary possibilities of the Agency's Member States are concerned. The new proposal offered a good basis for preparing the Ministerial Council meeting in Granada on 9-10 November 1992. It was also appreciated that the allocation for the Science, Earth Observation, and Telecommunications programmes, as now envisaged, would be maintained and thus allow ESA to carry through an ambitious programme and to take on a leading role, in particular in the field of Earth observation from space dealing with environmental problems. Concerning the increased cooperation with other international partners, in particular with Russia, and the joint development of a future space transportation system and of a joint future space station, Delegations welcomed the emphasis of the Director General's proposal for a more international approach with regard to these programmes associated with man in space. Delegations observed that more analyses had still to be carried out in the coming two months before the Ministerial Council meeting, and the Director General was asked to prepare a final proposal with regard to the content of the programmes envisaged in the new strategy. -- Bev Freed - via FidoNet node 1:129/104 UUCP: ...!pitt!nss!freed INTERNET: freed@nss.org ------------------------------ Date: 12 Sep 92 20:51:39 GMT From: Bev Freed Subject: European students design satellite Newsgroups: sci.space European Space Agency 31 August 1992 EUROPEAN STUDENTS DESIGN SATELLITE AT ESTEC Twenty European technical students from 10 countries - ranging from Portugal to Poland -- recently met for a two-week workshop to learn how a satellite is designed and built, as a course of intensive practical training to supplement their university studies. The workshop took place at ESTEC, the European Space Agency's Space Research and Technology Centre, located in Noordwijk in The Netherlands, from 3 to 14 August. This educational project was initiated and organised by EUROAVIA, the European Association of Aerospace Students, with the support of ESA and leading aerospace companies throughout Europe. The workshop was centered on designing a scientific satellite, named ECOWATCHER, which could accomplish a parallel mission complementing ESA's future Polar Orbiting Earth Mission (POEM-1) in the field of observation of the Earth and its environment. Through its main instrument, a SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY, SCIAMACHY for short, ECOWATCHER would monitor certain processes in the Earth's atmosphere from a 41 degree inclination orbit. Data collected by this instrument on trace gases in the lower layers of the atmosphere (the troposphere and stratosphere), will help scientists to better understand atmospheric chemistry in the sub- and tropical regions of the Earth which are the main drivers of the climate of our planet. A preliminary design was reached by the end of the workshop. The heavy demands and stringent specifications put forward by the scientific community provided a real challenge for all the students. Senior specialists from ESA/ESTEC and aerospace companies advised and monitored the 20 very enthusiastic and highly motivated students during the two-week seminar. Once again ESTEC, ESA's largest establishment with a population of 1750 staff from 15 different countries, has served as a focal point for the successful integration of people from many different cultural and educational backgrounds, and for stimulating the young to take up space-related careers in an international work environment. The workshop was preceded by the EUROAVIA Design Contest, a competition open to all European technical students. The participants wrote essays to demonstrate their interest in space technology, on topics that ranged from proposals for a scientific mini-satellite to studies on extraterrestrial life forms and space law matters. A jury of experts selected the 20 best, and their authors were then invited to take part in the workshop. The EUROAVIA Design Contest & Workshop 1992 was sponsored by ESA/ESTEC, Fokker Space & Systems (NL), DARA (D), Kayser-Threde (D), MAN Technologie (D), Dassault Aviation (F), Matra Marconi Space (F-GB), the Delft University of Technology (NL), the Polytechnic of Haarlem (NL), and the Dutch Space Research Organisation SRON (NL). EUROAVIA was founded in 1959 and now has 24 local groups in 13 European countries. The association is run exclusively by aerospace students; its goals are to promote and develop European cooperation in the aerospace domain. -- Bev Freed - via FidoNet node 1:129/104 UUCP: ...!pitt!nss!freed INTERNET: freed@nss.org ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 92 12:54:27 BST From: amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk Subject: Is NASA really planning to Terraform Mars? > The general idea of moving ice to Mars is good, but this is really > the roundabout to go about it. By the time we've moved the ice into > Earth orbit, then lunar orbit, then back to Mars, we will have used up > Since the purpose is to get the ice to Mars rather than to get an intact object to Mars, why not simply accelerate bits of ice with a mass driver so that they end up burning up in the Martian atmosphere as small meteorites? Under this scenario you don't really care where you end up. You just keep thrusting until the asteroid has been completely used up. At that point you write off your mass driver, and you have created a couple year long queue of particles bound for Mars by whatever direct or indirect orbit you have set them on. Obviously it will be done robotically, at least after the mass driver is turned on, since it is a one way trip to who knows where... Copyright 1992 DMA :-) ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 1992 17:17:25 GMT From: Paul Dietz Subject: Is NASA really planning to Terraform Mars? Newsgroups: sci.space In article tomk@netcom.com (Thomas H. Kunich) writes: > You are not going to feed a world on the (non-existant oil) driven > green revolution by riding bicycles after the oil is gone, or > by burning coal to generate electricity to supply energy to > electric vehicles. Do you know what fraction of US primary energy consumption goes into growing food? 2 exajoules/year, or about 3%. Even if we pick an inflated price for energy (say, $5/GJ, about the price of natural gas at your stove), this only comes to about $50 per person per year. Hell, we spend 4 times as much energy cooking, marketing and selling food as we do growing it. *Restaurants* (and institutional food services) in this country consume as much energy as all farms put together. In comparison, the US already gets about 3.5 EJ/year from biomass, and about 3.3 EJ/year from hydro. The nuclear contribution is also larger. Both biomass and nuclear can be greatly expanded. Careful consideration of just where the energy goes in agriculture shows that there is nothing special about petrochemicals, except that they are currently somewhat less expensive than the alternatives. Fuels, fertilizers and other inputs can all be made without petrochemical inputs. In particular, the two largest energy inputs (nitrogenous fertilizers and fuel for farm machinery) can be made by any of a number of alternative procedures (ammonia can be made from any hydrogen source, including gasified coal, biomass or from electrolysis, and likewise many different fuels can be made from coal, biomass or other energy sources). Paul F. Dietz dietz@cs.rochester.edu ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 1992 16:40:39 GMT From: David Knapp Subject: Is NASA really planning to Terraform Mars? Newsgroups: sci.space In article pgf@srl07.cacs.usl.edu (Phil G. Fraering) writes: >knapp@spot.Colorado.EDU (David Knapp) writes: > > > >>I'll be you knew alllll along that the evil empire wasn't so evil, didn't you. > >That's not what the people in the former SU are saying. They're >saying it apparently _was_ what the right wing here said it >was. My implication was intended to be on US political views. This topic is digressing rapidly... >>But the theory that dinosaurs were killed by a meteor impact is only a theory, >>right? > >I'm sure a ten-mile-wide cube of rock hitting at cometary velocities >went relatively unnoticed, and had little to do with the death of the >dinosaurs. The point is, it's a *theory* which hasn't been anywhere *near* proven even though you and I seem to agree that it is most likely. Just about *everything* in astrophysics is 'theory' in that all we can do is look at data through telescopes (of all kinds) and come up on what is happening millions of light years away. Those things that work consistently with our observations are accepted although they will not be verified. The reason I've gave that example in the *first* place was because ozone loss is not just reasonable in theory, it works in practice and has been *verified*. Even after that, there are those who think meteor impact is fact (which I think also) and that ozone loss is bunk (which is absurd) -- David Knapp University of Colorado, Boulder Perpetual Student knapp@spot.colorado.edu ------------------------------ Date: 13 Sep 92 07:52:24 GMT From: Frank Crary Subject: Mars Direct Newsgroups: sci.space In article <1992Sep12.202447.1557@techbook.com> szabo@techbook.com (Nick Szabo) writes: >So, you are proposing that safety studies constitute 1-1/(5*150/50), >or 93% of the cost of SSF? That's interesting. :-) No, I'm saying that, if you require extensive safety studies, you must fund something like Freedom. And, if Freedom is considered part of a Mars mission (to conduct long-term medical and technology tests, as was your assumption), this will dominate the costs of a manned Mars mission. Frank Crary CU Boulder ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 92 15:51:59 BST From: amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk Subject: Mirrors John Roberts: It has been suggested that mirrors might be able to "orbit" at a distance above a fixed spot at which the thrust from the sail equals the gravitational force. It would be like a rocket that kept firing forever and sat one meter off the ground... It is not immediately clear to me whether this would allow reflection to the surface. The cases I have heard used the sails as sunshades or observation stations rather than reflectors. There was work published (Solaris) that suggested using mirrors in GEO (I believe) to increase growing cycles, light cities, etc. Dale Amon ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 92 16:40:09 BST From: amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk Subject: Old data formats (was New lunar spacecraft) > unretrievable. JPL was attempting to recover this data in support of the > Lunar Observer mission, which has since been cancelled. The loss of such > pricey and important data is representative of the post Apollo era. :-( > This reminds me of a personal data retrieval problem. Does anyone out there have access to an old PDP-10 with DecTape drives? I have about a dozen of them with data I'd love to retrieve (for sentimental reasons: my first real system is on them) ------------------------------ Date: 13 Sep 92 16:53:13 GMT From: "Frederick A. Ringwald" Subject: Old data formats (was New lunar spacecraft) Newsgroups: sci.space In article amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk writes: > This reminds me of a personal data retrieval problem. Does anyone out > there have access to an old PDP-10 with DecTape drives? I have about > a dozen of them with data I'd love to retrieve (for sentimental > reasons: my first real system is on them) Ahh, those were the days! PDP-8s and -11s sure changed my life: I HATED them! Which brings us back to one of the original questions: NASA has implemented a highly cost-effective science program to mine overlooked gems from old astronomy satellites, called the Astrophysics Data Program (ADP). This program funds preservation of old data sets and updating them into new formats, as well as science. So, isn't there also a corresponding program for archival data from old planetary science probes? It's worrisome that no one in sci.space came up with its name - does this mean such a program does not exist? Fred ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 92 15:11:09 BST From: amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk Subject: Small comet impact theory I was just reading the article in Science 31-July about the small comet controversy. Quite interesting from a political/sociological viewpoint. What I really can't fathom is: what was it about the idea that was so upsetting to people in the field that they replied to a possibly weak thesis with flaming rhetoric rather than research? Why did they wish it had not been published? I'd love to people's thoughts on it. Note that I'm not interested in talking about the Dr. Lewis Frank's theory, which might be correct but is probably wrong; but on the sociology of the whole affair and it's implications for the world scientific culture. I think there is a danger when scientists in any discipline make it clear that those espousing controversial ideas will be publicly denounced and privately cut off from funding. The mavericks may often be wrong, but when they are right, they shake the foundations of science. Controversies such as this send a message to young scientists that the way to gain recognition, funding and acceptance is by playing it safe and keeping their creativity leashed to within "socially acceptable" bounds. That is *VERY* bad news for science as an institution. Just in case there is anyone on here who was actually involved: I would chide them to respond to unconventional/unpopular ideas with a bit more of an open mind, or at least with well researched rebuttals rather than denunciations of the mere publication of an idea. For those unfamiliar with the debate, refer to the Science issue cited above. And note that the author of the paper was and is a highly respected space scientist. Right or wrong, it was an interesting and thought provoking idea and deserved more thoughtful response than it got. OR, to put it really bluntly: if any of the involved are out there I'd suggest you allow Dr. Lewis Frank and his few supporters to continue to make their case in print as they see fit. If you don't like what he says, then respond civilly and scientifically instead of being a bunch of asses. ------------------------------ Date: 13 Sep 92 05:14:21 GMT From: Kenneth Freeman Subject: Terraforming Mars Newsgroups: sci.space > > Date Entered: 09-11-92 03:35 > N.>The entire organism could be underground, using silica fibres to the s > N.>light pipes. I think some Terran life forms use something like this ( > N.>plants that use light pipes). > N.> > N.>Limiting your thoughts to Terran organic processes leaves out a _lot_ > N.>possibilities. > N.> > N.>-- > N.> > N.>Nick_Janow@mindlink.bc.ca > N.> > > Am I missing something, > > I havn't been following the entire conversation here, but it seems > to me everybody is missing the gravity problem. Last time I checked, > Mars' gravity was not strong enough to keep oxygen molecules from escaping > into space over time. So, even if one could start plant-life on Mars, > you'd have to have a heck of a lot of it to keep the oxygen from just > "floating away"!!! > > More wood for the fire!!! > > Brad T. > > > --- > WinQwk 2.0b#545 And God said: E = mv - Ze /r, and there was light! > RoseMail 2.00 : Usenet: Rose Media - Hamilton (416) 575-5363 Water has mass. How much water would have to be poured on to Mars for it to stay there? (Or how many comets... Mars an ocean world? :) --- If people did not sometimes do silly things, nothing intelligent would ever get done. -Wittgenstein kfree@arghouse.UUCP or ...!crash!nusdecs!arghouse!kfree ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 13 Sep 92 13:11:18 BST From: amon@elegabalus.cs.qub.ac.uk Subject: Terraforming needs to begin now >On the wall of a nearby office is this neat picture of a planet with >large amounts of liquid water, but large portions of the land mass is >brown -- dry, relatively lifeless desert. How about some ideas on how >to terraform good old earth? Starting with the Sahara or Austrailia's >outback. Ahh. I might point out that someone already owns the outback so it might be nice to ask them first. Not that anyone often bothers to ask the Australian aborigines what they want. I got an earful from one with whom I reached a state of Irish nirvana with (ie we didn't keel over until 7am) Pragmatically speaking though, no one WOULD ask them, OR recognize their property rights. The Australian government has an attitude towards the aborigines reminiscent of the US approach to the american indian in the last century. PS: Ever tried to blow a digeridoo? Pant, gasp, choke... ------------------------------ Date: 12 Sep 92 20:49:30 GMT From: Bev Freed Subject: Toward 2001 - 14 Sep Newsgroups: sci.space *********** TOWARD 2001 *********** Week of 14 September 1992 A Weekly Feature of SPACE CALENDAR + = Domestic (USA) Earth event * = Domestic (USA) space event o = International Earth event # = International space event -------------------------------------------------------------------- REPRINT INFORMATION This information is reproduced by permission of the Space Age Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Copyright September 14, 1992. Reproduction in any form without written permission violates federal statute with penalty of up to $50,000. SPACE CALENDAR is edited and published on the Big `Space' Island of Hawaii. ==================================================================== * * * * * * * # STS 47 Endeavour / Spacelab J Low Earth Orbit Barring unforeseen delays, the 7-member crew of OV-105 Endeavour is now orbiting Earth in the midst of a week-long mission. Astronauts are experimenting with materials and biological samples to learn more about the benefits and dangers of microgravity. * * * * * * * * Satcom-C4 Geostationary Orbit The satellite is undergoing testing before taking up its cable TV duties at 135<198>W in the geostationary orbit, following a successful launch 31 August aboard a Delta 2 rocket. It is the 35th consecutive Delta success since 1986. * * * * * * * o Orbital Science Corp / INPE Fairfax VA / Brasilia OSC will launch the Satelite de Coleta de Dados (SCD-1) for Brazil from Kennedy Space Center at the end of the year according to a $13.5 million contract signed on 2 September. The spacecraft will transfer data from a network of automated ground stations * * * * * * * o India Intelsat Bid Bangalore Space Calendar contributor B R Rao reports India will seek to tender an offer for a global contract to build a series of Intelsat satellites. ISRO said the move would help the country move into the global space market. * * * * * * * + Spacecause Nationwide USA Is coordinating a pro-space letter writing contest to stimulate space issues during Campaign 92, deadline 15 October; info Mark Hopkins, 3435 Ocean Park Blvd #201-S, Santa Monica CA 90405. * * * * * * * + Spaceport Florida Authority Cocoa Beach FL SFA and Florida State University officials are reviewing the results from the successful first suborbital launch from the Cape San Blas site in late August. A 10-foot Microstar rocket released a meteorological payload at 270,000 feet. * * * * * * * o U N Office of Outer Space Affairs New York NY An array of U N Centers for Space Science and Technological Education in developing countries is beginning to take shape. As of early September, 21 countries have offered to host centers at educational or research institutions. * * * * * * * o Korean Earth Observation System Seoul Pending approval by the S Korean government, the system will employ two or three 300 kg satellites to carry optical and microwave sensors for Earth observation. A first launch could come by 1995. * * * * * * * + International Space University Cambridge MA The short list for ISU's permanent campus location includes Kitakyushu, Japan, Strasbourg, France, and Toronto Canada. A final decision will follow "in-depth negotiations" with each of the selected proposers -- early in 1993. * * * * * * * * Voyager Videos Global BMG Video releases `The Planets' and `The Voyager Odyssey: 1977- 1989' are available now for about $20 each. The first employs footage from Pioneer, Mariner, Viking, Voyager, Galileo, and Magellan; the second is pure Voyager. * * * * * * * Lunar Footnote (Statistic) + 7,214 Days Since Moon last visited by humans; 3,031 days until 1 January 2001. * * * * * * * o International Space Year 1992 (Quotation) "The most important policy objective of the ISY . . . is to instill a new Space Age frame of reference in the thoughts and actions of governments and individuals." -- The late U S Senator Spark M Matsunaga, Hawaii -------------------------------------------------------------------- ABOUT SPACE CALENDAR Space Calendar provides a weekly preview of upcoming events in the space industry. It is published weekly by the SPACE AGE PUBLISHING COMPANY from offices in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. For a free sample of the printed publication, use the address, telephone, or fax numbers for the Hawaii office listed below. SPACE AGE PUBLISHING COMPANY also publishes SPACE FAX DAILY from its offices in Cupertino, California. For information about SPACE FAX DAILY use the address, telephone, or fax numbers for the California office listed below. HAWAII OFFICE: 75-5751 Kuakini Highway, Suite 209, Kailua-Kona HI 96740; 808-326-2014, fax 808-326-1825. CALIFORNIA OFFICE: 20431 Steven Creek Blvd, Cupertino CA 95054; 408-996-9210, fax 408-996-2125. ==================================================================== -- Bev Freed - via FidoNet node 1:129/104 UUCP: ...!pitt!nss!freed INTERNET: freed@nss.org ------------------------------ Date: 12 Sep 92 20:51:14 GMT From: Bev Freed Subject: Understanding human behavious in isolation Newsgroups: sci.space European Space Agency 27 August 1992 EXEMSI '92 FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUS IN ISOLATION For 60 days, starting on 7 September 1992, the European Space Agency (ESA) will run "Experimental Campaign for the European manned Space Infrastructure (EXEMIS)" in the deep diving facility of DLR in Cologne, Germany. A crew of four, one woman and three men, will be shut up inside a completely isolted pressure chamber and laboratory with all their food and provisions. The experiment simulates a long duration mission on a small space station. One of the main objectives of EXEMSI '92 is to see how a small mixed group behaves when they are isolated in confined space to perform an experimental scientific programme similar to the activity expected in a low Earth orbit space station. On 7 September the complete team* (crew back-up and crew interface coordinators) as well as the programme will be presented at a joint ESA/DLR press conference to be held at 10h00 at DLR, 5000-COLOGNE, 90 Linder Hoehe. * Ms. Catherine Casgrain (Canada), Ms. Marie-Christine Costino (France), Mr. Colin Lloyd Davies (Great Britain), Mr. Hildo Krop (The Netherlands), Mr. Clemens Lothaller (Austria); Ms. Alessandra Maulino (Italy), Mr. Matthieu Roulet (France), Mr. Luca Urbani (Italy), Ms. Anita Vestin (Sweden) -- Bev Freed - via FidoNet node 1:129/104 UUCP: ...!pitt!nss!freed INTERNET: freed@nss.org ------------------------------ End of Space Digest Volume 15 : Issue 197 ------------------------------