Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Mon, 1 Apr 91 01:26:15 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <0bxh9y200WBwIWsk5B@andrew.cmu.edu> Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Mon, 1 Apr 91 01:26:06 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #336 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 336 Today's Topics: NASA Prediction Bulletins, Part 2 Re: railguns and electro-magnetic launchers Re: Value per pound vs. cost per pound Re: Space Junk Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 31 Mar 91 03:50:02 GMT From: udecc.engr.udayton.edu!blackbird.afit.af.mil!tkelso@tut.cis.ohio-state.edu (TS Kelso) Subject: NASA Prediction Bulletins, Part 2 The most current orbital elements from the NASA Prediction Bulletins are carried on the Celestial BBS, (513) 427-0674, and are updated several times weekly. Documentation and tracking software are also available on this system. As a service to the satellite user community, the most current of these elements are uploaded weekly to sci.space. This week's elements are provided below. The Celestial BBS may be accessed 24 hours/day at 300, 1200, or 2400 baud using 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity. - Current NASA Prediction Bulletins #828b - GPS BII-05 1 20361U 89 97 A 91 85.49999999 .00000013 00000-0 99999-4 0 1349 2 20361 55.0220 129.1670 0065101 62.1330 79.8190 2.00558849 07 SPOT 2 1 20436U 90 5 A 91 86.07834018 .00001952 00000-0 93391-3 0 5074 2 20436 98.7036 161.4970 0000682 81.2530 278.8723 14.20070426 60899 UO-14 1 20437U 90 5 B 91 87.70628769 .00001612 00000-0 65281-3 0 3203 2 20437 98.6784 167.6671 0012203 42.3198 317.9034 14.29009848 61491 UO-15 1 20438U 90 5 C 91 86.25005774 .00000986 00000-0 40850-3 0 2003 2 20438 98.6768 166.1051 0010915 47.3252 312.8863 14.28622663 61279 PACSAT 1 20439U 90 5 D 91 87.18620936 .00001527 00000-0 61808-3 0 2110 2 20439 98.6768 167.4050 0012088 48.9803 311.2447 14.29098619 61422 DO-17 1 20440U 90 5 E 91 86.26097029 .00001580 00000-0 63769-3 0 2118 2 20440 98.6766 166.5200 0012095 52.3672 307.8631 14.29168280 61293 WO-18 1 20441U 90 5 F 91 86.44382880 .00001569 00000-0 63259-3 0 2101 2 20441 98.6739 166.7423 0012699 51.3876 308.8507 14.29229004 61327 LO-19 1 20442U 90 5 G 91 87.19266508 .00001497 00000-0 60371-3 0 2127 2 20442 98.6767 167.5436 0013001 48.2439 311.9890 14.29306365 61438 GPS BII-06 1 20452U 90 8 A 91 67.75229359 .00000004 00000-0 99999-4 0 1530 2 20452 54.3982 245.2075 0046174 52.4825 307.8626 2.00554625 8154 MOS-1B 1 20478U 90 13 A 91 87.72924002 -.00000004 00000-0 99999-5 0 5244 2 20478 99.1494 161.2887 0000866 94.4406 265.2414 13.94844363 57808 DEBUT 1 20479U 90 13 B 91 69.51316501 .00000031 00000-0 97835-4 0 1893 2 20479 99.0193 70.4245 0540988 165.0177 196.7681 12.83171893 50903 FO-20 1 20480U 90 13 C 91 86.98392873 .00000105 00000-0 28514-3 0 1834 2 20480 99.0230 84.5750 0541449 125.5056 239.7812 12.83179882 53143 MOS-1B R/B 1 20491U 90 13 D 91 84.98276016 .00000007 00000-0 38769-4 0 2100 2 20491 99.0157 94.4869 0471238 90.6784 274.8333 13.02815313 53092 LACE 1 20496U 90 15 A 91 87.68127558 .00023333 00000-0 12071-2 0 4759 2 20496 43.0891 194.9510 0020647 335.7107 24.2754 15.15643687 61683 RME 1 20497U 90 15 B 91 87.96635854 .00042635 00000-0 85272-3 0 5081 2 20497 43.1013 101.1943 0018550 60.7599 299.4852 15.45896569 62746 Nadezhda 2 1 20508U 90 17 A 91 83.74503768 .00000376 00000-0 39133-3 0 2668 2 20508 82.9544 213.0215 0043191 286.1510 73.4913 13.73287326 53517 OKEAN 2 1 20510U 90 18 A 91 87.95668595 .00009299 00000-0 13871-2 0 4462 2 20510 82.5287 195.2400 0020759 70.0628 290.2791 14.74593259 58012 INTELSAT-6 1 20523U 90 21 A 91 62.01325021 .00008107 00000-0 57046-3 0 4497 2 20523 28.3339 6.7184 0014890 76.4736 283.7514 15.03209790 53423 GPS BII-07 1 20533U 90 25 A 91 87.10831997 -.00000034 00000-0 99999-4 0 1441 2 20533 55.1855 4.4877 0034366 96.5006 263.8942 2.00566691 7312 PegSat 1 20546U 90 28 A 91 87.74349843 .00038495 00000-0 20079-2 0 4762 2 20546 94.1442 7.1579 0138473 25.6788 335.0911 15.07800751 52838 HST 1 20580U 91 86.77285543 .00012573 00000-0 13568-2 0 4033 2 20580 28.4683 242.6984 0005687 185.3941 174.6582 14.86980261 50182 Glonass 44 1 20619U 90 45 A 91 87.06701028 -.00000018 00000-0 99999-5 0 4204 2 20619 65.0499 29.2039 0022517 219.0906 140.7253 2.13102713 6673 Glonass 45 1 20620U 90 45 B 91 87.65415568 -.00000018 00000-0 99999-4 0 4357 2 20620 65.0302 29.2067 0007894 24.7196 335.3032 2.13102955 6699 Glonass 46 1 20621U 90 45 C 91 87.24370679 -.00000018 00000-0 99999-4 0 3704 2 20621 65.0616 29.2203 0012596 211.2389 148.6762 2.13102533 6688 Kristall 1 20635U 90 48 A 91 88.12594122 .00070577 00000-0 70274-3 0 4151 2 20635 51.6063 333.5094 0015481 114.6944 245.5271 15.64891117 47161 ROSAT 1 20638U 90 49 A 91 87.80841970 .00009975 00000-0 80618-3 0 2217 2 20638 52.9879 225.7565 0016316 123.6913 236.5645 15.00271662 44969 Meteor 2-19 1 20670U 90 57 A 91 87.00799621 .00000406 00000-0 35581-3 0 1633 2 20670 82.5413 63.3643 0014875 207.0448 153.0109 13.83930967 37777 CRRES 1 20712U 90 65 A 91 87.68253252 .00003268 00000-0 33602-2 0 1830 2 20712 17.9889 305.5275 7118839 28.7371 356.6070 2.44164154 6013 GPS BII-08 1 20724U 90 68 A 91 55.54435681 .00000016 00000-0 99999-4 0 845 2 20724 54.6996 186.1883 0096447 122.6748 238.2165 2.00563932 4103 Feng Yun1-2 1 20788U 90 81 A 91 87.59876210 -.00000401 00000-0 -25542-3 0 1211 2 20788 98.9489 122.7652 0015466 46.6461 313.6037 14.01090103 28921 Meteor 2-20 1 20826U 90 86 A 91 87.78580277 .00000650 00000-0 58228-3 0 1182 2 20826 82.5194 1.8190 0014176 103.2175 257.0610 13.83311453 25095 GPS BII-09 1 20830U 90 88 A 91 76.52119715 .00000013 00000-0 99999-4 0 862 2 20830 54.9253 127.6215 0078982 125.4478 235.5880 2.00567872 3609 GPS BII-10 1 20959U 90103 A 91 76.43064871 .00000017 00000-0 99999-4 0 262 2 20959 54.9591 186.9802 0045402 213.8318 146.2541 2.00567535 2193 DMSP B5D2-5 1 20978U 90105 A 91 88.21446375 .00002230 00000-0 83757-3 0 1025 2 20978 98.8449 123.6445 0081178 14.4195 345.9274 14.30783436 16813 Soyuz TM-11 1 20981U 90107 A 91 88.06211545 .00070556 00000-0 70274-3 0 1209 2 20981 51.6035 333.8375 0015827 115.8787 244.5261 15.64877297 18261 Glonass 47 1 21006U 90110 A 91 87.28284723 .00000020 00000-0 99999-4 0 1040 2 21006 64.8355 148.7415 0061834 186.6653 173.3246 2.13102212 2360 Glonass 48 1 21007U 90110 B 91 87.45945085 .00000020 00000-0 99999-4 0 1180 2 21007 64.8566 148.7647 0039362 181.2590 178.8025 2.13100253 2362 Glonass 49 1 21008U 90110 C 91 86.40374980 .00000020 00000-0 99999-4 0 1006 2 21008 64.8367 148.7850 0010610 290.5440 69.4138 2.13100291 2341 INFORMTR-1 1 21087U 91 87.14616669 .00000289 00000-0 29279-3 0 264 2 21087 82.9427 293.6967 0036275 122.5402 237.9267 13.74359194 7899 Cosmos 2123 1 21089U 91 7 A 91 83.72491363 .00000292 00000-0 30027-3 0 284 2 21089 82.9293 166.7116 0029654 151.3646 208.9150 13.73876059 6544 1991 013B 1 21131U 91 13 B 91 87.37082331 .00000344 00000-0 32170-3 0 149 2 21131 82.8217 233.8901 0059447 189.6162 170.4023 13.79141269 4167 Raduga 27 1 21132U 91 14 A 91 86.82309371 -.00000319 00000-0 99999-4 0 265 2 21132 1.4507 250.2539 0002292 335.5193 23.5243 1.00255572 307 1991 014D 1 21135U 91 14 D 91 85.11882248 -.00000046 00000-0 99999-4 0 119 2 21135 1.4747 250.4177 0022303 345.7946 13.3059 1.03433899 293 ASTRA 1-B 1 21139U 91 15 A 91 80.46373186 .00000118 00000-0 99999-4 0 123 2 21139 0.1832 294.3883 0020087 37.5727 27.8979 1.01108902 102 MOP-2 1 21140U 91 15 B 91 86.31931506 -.00000004 00000-0 99999-4 0 238 2 21140 1.1632 296.5597 0002346 9.4124 349.1554 1.00292897 44 1991 015C 1 21141U 91 15 C 91 86.97524633 .00026142 00000-0 76504-2 0 291 2 21141 6.9883 319.6013 7296819 197.5430 108.4788 2.26079931 543 1991 015D 1 21142U 91 15 D 91 86.07321224 .00098050 00000-0 15438-1 0 233 2 21142 7.0030 318.4461 7259555 198.6120 102.8768 2.32146323 541 Cosmos 2136 1 21143U 91 16 A 91 79.06154793 .00291944 40811-4 13822-3 0 345 2 21143 62.8479 292.8576 0034428 108.8787 251.6612 16.19681410 2156 INMARSAT 2 1 21149U 91 18 A 91 86.29988487 .00000041 00000-0 99999-4 0 136 2 21149 2.7054 295.8629 0005689 331.5938 27.8240 1.00258298 220 1991 018B 1 21150U 91 18 B 91 87.54351110 .00022297 00000-0 16536-2 0 191 2 21150 24.9688 205.3365 0527598 358.2480 1.6175 14.30897285 2805 1991 018C 1 21151U 91 18 C 91 73.10362640 .00059200 00000-0 75036-2 0 104 2 21151 24.2144 326.6542 7339464 189.2262 143.2853 2.22645047 124 Nadezhda 3 1 21152U 91 19 A 91 85.64088130 .00000006 00000-0 00000 0 0 114 2 21152 82.9238 120.0253 0040306 253.7699 105.9019 13.73320043 1903 1991 019B 1 21153U 91 19 B 91 87.59214839 .00006419 00000-0 66974-2 0 173 2 21153 82.9279 118.5589 0040289 227.9020 131.8689 13.74790668 2170 Progress M7 1 21188U 91 20 A 91 88.06210297 -.00078055 00000-0 -78955-3 0 338 2 21188 51.6088 333.8446 0015736 121.3796 238.9708 15.64865076 1503 1991 021A 1 21190U 91 21 A 91 86.23397815 .00033442 00000-0 10708-2 0 139 2 21190 65.8455 351.3492 0033069 337.6460 22.3243 15.31704089 1178 1991 021B 1 21191U 91 21 B 91 87.92382712 .00005067 00000-0 16088-3 0 193 2 21191 65.8475 345.9153 0038373 347.6195 12.2042 15.33075485 1430 1991 016E 1 21192U 91 16 E 91 79.73853936 .02463812 42861-4 13822-3 0 16 2 21192 62.8486 290.1035 0022662 152.0986 216.3501 16.39550032 2262 1991 016F 1 21193U 91 16 F 91 80.84824936 .02354843 41305-4 63741-3 0 53 2 21193 62.8487 285.6101 0025941 108.6674 252.1455 16.26689870 2446 1991 016G 1 21194U 91 16 G 91 79.68737118 .00078525 10298-4 13822-3 0 26 2 21194 62.8319 290.3965 0113656 358.8627 1.1627 15.91001002 2269 1991 016H 1 21195U 91 16 H 91 80.62336843 -.00005878 40651-4 00000 0 0 10 2 21195 62.8865 286.7585 0106886 325.5535 33.7995 16.16433098 2406 1991 022A 1 21196U 91 22 A 91 86.91937716 .00000391 00000-0 20810-2 0 98 2 21196 62.8441 313.4082 7434016 280.3620 2.6418 2.00796821 122 1991 022B 1 21197U 91 22 B 91 87.28548238 .01740400 38873-4 13458-2 0 150 2 21197 62.8281 292.1374 0124472 133.0420 228.1284 15.99827254 931 1991 022C 1 21198U 91 22 C 91 87.48717799 .28549576 43954-4 22676-3 0 242 2 21198 62.7987 290.9135 0035682 128.1504 232.8195 16.49025913 972 1991 022D 1 21199U 91 22 D 91 85.45630745 -.00003244 00000-0 -20478-1 0 36 2 21199 62.8417 313.4179 7379888 280.6496 11.0228 2.05618352 90 1991 022E 1 21200U 91 22 E 91 87.02175629 .05087617 40482-4 16976-2 0 152 2 21200 62.8106 293.0460 0093132 129.9541 231.5212 16.14879063 891 1991 014E 1 21201U 91 14 E 91 85.47696117 .00002623 00000-0 16250-2 0 41 2 21201 47.5363 241.8354 7223998 6.6903 359.1028 2.32925363 639 1991 014F 1 21202U 91 14 F 91 83.71017768 .00008534 00000-0 19110-2 0 18 2 21202 47.5153 242.3179 7242052 6.2255 359.2131 2.33509150 590 1991 023A 1 21203U 91 23 A 91 87.86284019 .01188773 28187-4 29857-3 0 86 2 21203 67.1483 8.6785 0121716 92.7877 268.8935 16.12190262 372 1991 023B 1 21204U 91 23 B 91 87.84647494 .18280002 30103-4 33209-3 0 134 2 21204 67.1627 8.6511 0046059 91.9560 269.0962 16.41670542 375 -- Dr TS Kelso Assistant Professor of Space Operations tkelso@blackbird.afit.af.mil Air Force Institute of Technology ------------------------------ Date: 28 Mar 91 18:16:35 GMT From: rochester!uhura.cc.rochester.edu!ub!dsinc!unix.cis.pitt.edu!pitt!nss!Paul.Blase@rutgers.edu (Paul Blase) Subject: Re: railguns and electro-magnetic launchers to: zowie@leland.Stanford.EDU (Craig DeForest) From "From Dreamworld to Realworld: ElectroMagnetic Guns", Terry L. Metzgar, Aerospace & Defense Science, November/December 1990. If I do the math right, and if his figures are correct, with a bore length of 9 meters and a muzzle velocity of 2.4 kmps (kilometers per second) you get 320,000 meters/second^2. A primary problem with railguns is keeping the projectile from turning into plasma on the way out. BTW: "The speed at which chemical propellants can push a projectile is limited by the speed at which a gas expands. For all practical purposes, conventional-gun-launched projectiles can't go much above 1.8 kmps." --- via Silver Xpress V2.26 [NR] -- Paul Blase - via FidoNet node 1:129/104 UUCP: ...!pitt!nss!Paul.Blase INTERNET: Paul.Blase@nss.FIDONET.ORG ------------------------------ Date: 29 Mar 91 22:34:53 GMT From: zephyr.ens.tek.com!tektronix!sequent!crg5!szabo@beaver.cs.washington.edu (Nick Szabo) Subject: Re: Value per pound vs. cost per pound In article <2810.27ED31E9@ofa123.fidonet.org> Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org (Wales Larrison) writes: >Glenn, you had asked: >>What I'd really like to see discussed is Nick's contention that >>launch costs for ELV's can't be reduced much below $5,000/lb >>because of limitations intrinsinc (sp?) to Expendables (feel free >>to correct me if that's not what you're saying, Nick :-). What do >>people out there think the cost limiters are? It's certainly not >>fuel. -- > Probably the best recent data I've seen on the cost of ELVs for >LEO transportation is from two sources: 1) the USAF/NASA Advanced >Launch System (ALS) Phase 1 and Phase 2 contract studies, and 2) the >current cost and design studies for the SSX, These sources, while >not available in your local bookstore are available. The ALS >studies, done by Martin Marietta, General Dynamics, Hughes, >McDonnell Douglas, Rockwell and United Technologies Corp have been >summarized and published as IAF and AIAA papers, as well as summary >articles and descriptions published by NASA and the USAF. Since >they were contracts, the contractual reports should be available >through NTIS. The SSX cost and design studies are also available as >IAF and AIAA papers, with the best cost data I've seen on the SSX >published in the "Journal of Practical Applications of Space >Technology" as "Cost Implications of True Spaceships". (I'd give you >a better reference, but I loaned out that copy of the JPAST and >haven't got it back yet.) > These studies provide a good overall discussion of the costs of >chemical rocket technology - both reusable and expendable. The SSX >paper makes the case with 1990's technologies, a reusable >chemically-powered rocket system could operate at less than $100/lb >to LEO. I think this is approximately true, but my reservations on >those results are tied to the rapid turnaround time, very high >reliability, high number of flights, and low maintenance cycle per >flight of the SSX. I would like to see a bit more directed design >and technology studies on this - which the current SDIO studies of a >Single Stage to Orbit (SSTO) system are providing. (See the last >issue of Space News for an overview of the SSTO contracts). > If you are looking for a lower risk, more near term solution, the >ALS studies provide a good set of baselines. During the ALS >studies, the starting design point was $300/lb into LEO with a >payload of 150,000 lbs. Each contractor proposed, in my opinion, a >feasible engineering solution - but said a couple of key points: >you have got to take a close look at how you manufacture, assembly, >plan, launch and operate your system in the light of reducing costs. >Every contractor independently came up with the solution to build a >new system from scratch rather than trying to kludge the $300/lb out >of an existing system - and every contractor said to get the cost >down, you have to have at least 500K -1,000K lbs of launch demand >flying through the system to get payback. > (As a disclaimer, I did work on one of the ALS contracts - but in >my position I scrubbed the technical solutions and cost estimates >very closely, and I really think the ALS could be put in place >before the end of the decade for a reasonable ($4-5 billion) cost.) > The limiting factor, from my viewpoint, is the hardware. Right >now, space hardware (not launch vehicles) costs a minimum of $30,000 >per lb. Some (Galileo, for example, or some military programs) go >in the $100,000 to $150,000/lb range or higher. In a typical >program, launch costs are only 20% or less of the overall life >cycle costs, so reducing launch costs is very low on their priority. >Until we can get the costs of space hardware down, the mass market >which will drive costs of everything else down, will not occur. > - Wales - > > > >-- >Wales Larrison >Internet: Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org >Compuserve: >internet:Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Nick Szabo szabo@sequent.com "If you want oil, drill lots of wells" -- J. Paul Getty The above opinions are my own and not related to those of any organization I may be affiliated with. ------------------------------ Date: 29 Mar 91 13:31:41 GMT From: dev8.mdcbbs.com!rivero@uunet.uu.net Subject: Re: Space Junk In article <9DBD8EAB8F1FA11223@ccvax.ucd.ie>, SOCKIELY%vax1.ucg.ie@BITNET.CC.CMU.EDU writes: > I am interested in obtain information on a project based at the University > of Arizona named the 'Space Janitor' (a spacecraft designed to trash > unwanted satellites in LEO). > > Any references to space junk in general would also be appreciated (particularly > references to any discussions that took place on this list in the past). > > Kieran Coughlan, Mech. Eng. UCG. How about we launch a canister into retrograde orbit in a path we wish to 'clear' (i.e. nothing values in that orbit for the next 3 hours). The Canister contains some chemicals which form a cloud of carbon dioxide travelling at orbital speed in the reverse of the space junk. The junk encounters enough resistance to deorbit. The CO2 eventually feeds some plants or adds to the greenhouse effect, depending on whether re-forestation works ( which is another topic entirely). Mike ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #336 *******************