Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Thu, 28 Mar 91 02:37:32 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Thu, 28 Mar 91 02:37:28 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #314 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 314 Today's Topics: !! MAG STORM CORRECTION - ALERT REISSUED AT 21:00 UT 24 MARCH !! Re: Galileo asteroid imaging Re: Galileo asteroid imaging Re: "Follies" Shuttle Manifest Changes (Forwarded) Galileo Update - 03/21/91 Re: Need source for manned space flights Commercial Space News (3 of 4) Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Sun, 24 Mar 91 14:18:25 MST From: oler%HG.ULeth.CA@BITNET.CC.CMU.EDU (CARY OLER) Subject: !! MAG STORM CORRECTION - ALERT REISSUED AT 21:00 UT 24 MARCH !! X-St-Vmsmail-To: st%"space+@andrew.cmu.edu" CORRECTIONS: PLEASE READ /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ INFORMATIONAL MAGNETIC STORM UPDATE Storm Alert CONTINUATION /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ 21:00 UT, 24 March ------------- CORRECTION: The decision has been made to continue Major Geomagnetic Storm Alert until at least 06:00 UT on 24 March. Major geomagnetic storming has resumed as of 20:00 UT on 24 March. An intense perturbation accompanied with a local HF radio blackout has occurred. It appears the previous storm alert cancellation was premature. PLEASE DISREGARD THE PREVIOUS INFORMATIONAL STORM UPDATE MESSAGE. The following revised forecast has been issued. LOW LATITUDE AURORAL ACTIVITY WILL BE POSSIBLE for North American observers again this evening. Sporatic bursts of minor to major storm-level geomagnetic fluctuations accompanied by enhanced auroral activity will be possible. The past six to seven hour period of unsettled to active geomagnetic activity prompted a premature end to the storm warning. Ths warning will be updated near 06:00 UT. Electrical geomagnetic induction will remain possible (although somewhat less likely than 12 to 24 hours ago) throughout the period. The following alerts are IN PROGRESS (disregard previous update): - MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM ALERT (reissued as of 21:00 UT, 24 March) - LOW LATITUDE AURORAL ACTIVITY ALERT (reissued as of 21:00 UT, 24 March) - ELECTRICAL GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION ALERT (reissued as of 21:00 UT, 24 March) - SATELLITE PROTON EVENT ALERT - POLAR CAP ABSORPTION EVENT ALERT - POLAR TO MIDDLE LATITUDE RADIO SIGNAL BLACKOUT ALERT The following warnings remain in progress: - POTENTIAL MAJOR SOLAR FLARE ALERT - POTENTIAL PROTON FLARE ALERT /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ ------------------------------ Date: 22 Mar 91 23:10:45 GMT From: ingrid!loren@lll-winken.llnl.gov (Loren Petrich) Subject: Re: Galileo asteroid imaging I am not sure if it would be practical to do it, but it might be possible to take pictures of Gaspra from a distance, before closest encounter, to assist in targeting the asteroid. For that purpose, I attempted to calculate the time margin. If I remember correctly, the resolution of the Voyager cameras was 1/50,000 radians. I presume the Galileo cameras have similar performance. If the asteroid has a size of 10 kms, and it fills one pixel of the Galileo images, it will have a distance of 500,000 kms. The time needed to traverse that distance is the time margin needed. Its value depends on the relative velocity of the spacecraft and the asteroid. Currently, Galileo is moving in an orbit with a period of about 2 years and a periapsis of nearly 1 AU. This gives a major axis of 1.587 AU and an apoapsis of 2.175 AU. Since the encounter is due in November, this implies that the spacecraft will be near its apoapsis. The asteroid I will assume to be moving in a nearly circular orbit. The relative velocity becomes approximately 4.2 km/s. Thus, it will take 10^5 seconds or 33 hours to travel that distance. This seems like plenty of time to work out an observation schedule. Any comments on trying to get an "early view" of the asteroid? I presume someone at JPL had thought of what I had been thinking of before me. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Loren Petrich, the Master Blaster: loren@sunlight.llnl.gov Since this nodename is not widely known, you may have to try: loren%sunlight.llnl.gov@star.stanford.edu ------------------------------ Date: 23 Mar 91 02:31:52 GMT From: magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!mips!spool.mu.edu!munnari.oz.au!uhccux!tholen@tut.cis.ohio-state.edu (David Tholen) Subject: Re: Galileo asteroid imaging loren@ingrid.llnl.gov (Loren Petrich) writes: > I am not sure if it would be practical to do it, but it might > be possible to take pictures of Gaspra from a distance, before closest > encounter, to assist in targeting the asteroid. Spacecraft navigation will be done, but range information is still the hardest to get, so triangulation using ground-based observations is also being pursued vigorously. ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 21 Mar 91 08:37:28 -0500 From: "Allen W. Sherzer" Subject: Re: "Follies" Newsgroups: sci.space Cc: In article <7044@mace.cc.purdue.edu>: >> [New world colonies started with 50 families] >The obvious differences are that both Massachusetts and northern Utah >support human life quite readily. Food, water, building materials, >etc. are all readily and cheaply available. In sharp contrast to the >moon. These materials where not so readily available as you may think. Lots of people starved to death in the first colonies. Jamestown lost half its population in each of its first three years. Other colonies where totally wiped out. The only things not readily available are food and water. Energy and building materials are available. There is even water (though not much) in the soil. The main problem is booting up the farms with enough biomas to get things going. After that, the incrimental cost of a new person is in line with the 50 family cost outlined in the original post. >> Now this approach does assume that there is an infrastructure there... >Of course, the Salt Lake City and Plymouth colonists sold everything >and endured great hardship to GET AWAY from the government, Other colonies started because of percieved economic advantages. They wanted the chance to grow with the new frontier. Most who went west for example, did so for that exact reason. They endured similar hardship. >If you want people >to tolerate such loss of freedom, you're not only going to have to >pay for the infrastructure, you're going to have to give them a >bunch of incentives to do it. For many (myself included) the chalange and opportunity will be enough motivation. >I like to be hopeful, but hoping that a few hundred families are >going to drop everything to go live alone on the moon and pay for it >themselves is going a bit far. Perhaps but that may be what it takes. Allen ------------------------------ Date: 21 Mar 91 17:16:10 GMT From: sdd.hp.com!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@ucsd.edu (Ron Baalke) Subject: Shuttle Manifest Changes (Forwarded) Mark Hess/Ed Campion Headquarters, Washington, D.C. March 21, 1991 (Phone: 202/453-8536) RELEASE: 91-44 NASA ISSUES MODIFICATIONS TO SHUTTLE MANIFEST NASA managers today announced adjustments to modify the February 1991 Mixed Fleet Manifest. The modifications to the manifest were necessary after the STS-39 mission, scheduled for March with Space Shuttle Discovery, was postponed due to cracks on the orbiter's external tank door drive mechanism housing. The flights now projected for calendar year 1991 begin with Space Shuttle Atlantis and the Gamma Ray Observatory flying in April. Following repairs to the door drive mechanism housing, Discovery will fly the STS-39 mission in May. The projected date for STS-40/Spacelab Life Sciences mission aboard Shuttle Columbia remains in May. Columbia will be taken off line as planned for structural inspections and modifications for Extended Duration Orbiter capability following completion of the STS-40 mission. The Tracking Data Relay Satellite mission originally scheduled to fly on Discovery in July is now on Atlantis in August. The Defense Support Program mission remains on Atlantis but will move from August to December. These two adjustments preserve the agency's capability to fly Discovery with the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite payload during its required science window with launch projected now for October. The International Microgravity Laboratory mission which was planned for December 1991 will become the first flight in calendar year 1992. The mixed cargo flight of the Tethered Satellite System and the European Space Agency's European Retrievable Carrier originally scheduled for February on Shuttle Discovery will move to August 1992 and will fly on Space Shuttle Atlantis. Flights in the mid-1992 time frame remain in their original manifested positions with Atlas-1 in April, the Intelsat reboost mission in May which will involve the first flight of Space Shuttle Endeavour and the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory in June. Spacelab-J and the mixed cargo flight of the U.S. Microgravity Payload and the Laser Geodynamics Satellite also remain as scheduled for September 1992. The Canadian Experiments payload also is joining this mission. Adjustments to the manifest beyond September 1992 are still being examined and will be announced at a later date. 1991 Shuttle Launches DATE MISSION VEHICLE PAYLOAD April 1991 STS-37 Atlantis GRO May 1991 STS-39 Discovery AFP-675/IBSS May 1991 STS-40 Columbia SLS-1 August 1991 STS-43 Atlantis TDRS-E October 1991 STS-48 Discovery UARS December 1991 STS-44 Atlantis DSP 1992 Shuttle Launches DATE MISSION VEHICLE PAYLOAD February 1992 STS-42 Discovery IML-1 April 1992 STS-45 Atlantis ATLAS-1 May 1992 STS-49 Endeavour INTELSAT-R June 1992 STS-50 Columbia USML-1 August 1992 STS-46 Atlantis TSS-1/EURECA Sept. 1992 STS-47 Endeavour Spacelab-J Sept. 1992 STS-52 Columbia USMP/LAGEOS/CANEX ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | Change is constant. /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | ------------------------------ Date: 22 Mar 91 01:03:04 GMT From: swrinde!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@ucsd.edu (Ron Baalke) Subject: Galileo Update - 03/21/91 GALILEO STATUS REPORT March 21, 1991 Yesterday, the Galileo spacecraft successfully completed the TCM-9B (Trajectory Correction Maneuver). Spacecraft performance throughout the maneuver was normal; preliminary navigation data indicates an overburn of less than 1 percent. Today, no spacecraft activities are planned. Tomorrow, activities will be limited to a USO (Ultra Stable Oscillator) calibration test. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | Change is constant. /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | ------------------------------ Date: 22 Mar 91 23:54:06 GMT From: winter@apple.com (Patty Winter) Subject: Re: Need source for manned space flights In article <10936@scolex.sco.COM> erics@sco.COM (eric smith) writes: > >Can anyone point me to a source that lists all manned space flights >to date? The reference materials I know about only list "selected" >missions, generally ones with some outstanding feature. The April issue of _Odyssey_ magazine (the children's astro/space magazine from the same publishers as _Astronomy_) has a really nice summary of all the U.S. space shuttle missions. Since those are the only manned missions we've done in years, that would at least get you caught up on U.S. activities. Patty -- ***************************************************************************** Patty Winter N6BIS INTERNET: winter@apple.com AMPR.ORG: [44.4.0.44] UUCP: {decwrl,nsc,sun}!apple!winter ***************************************************************************** ------------------------------ Date: 9 Mar 91 05:55:57 GMT From: snorkelwacker.mit.edu!spool.mu.edu!sdd.hp.com!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!peregrine!ccicpg!felix!dhw68k!ofa123!Wales.Larrison@apple.com (Wales Larrison) Subject: Commercial Space News (3 of 4) OSC WINS CONTRACT FOR EXPLORER SATELLITE LAUNCH SERVICES It was recently announced by NASA that Orbital Sciences Corp (OSC) has been selected by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center GSFC) to provide launch services for several small explorer-class satellites. The contract being negotiated provides for seven Pegasus launches, with an option for an additional three, at a firm, in a fixed-price contract of about $10.5 M for the first launch, and $7.4 M for each subsequent launch for a total value of about $55 M. The first three satellites to be flown are the TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer), FAST (Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer), and SWAS (Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite). [Commentary: OSC adds another 7 launches to its Pegasus manifest for small NASA scientific satellites. In general, this is a good action by NASA since they have needed to return to smaller explorer class satellites which can be developed and launched for less money in less time. The Explorer program at NASA has been the mainstay of the space physics and sciences program, but their satellites have been getting larger and larger and taking longer and longer to launch. COBE, for example, was in the $100-200M range, and took about 10 years to get launched. Science programs have suffered due to the lack of data and the increased budgets required. OSC has needed to book some more users for the Pegasus. The expected flood of users of Pegasus has not shown up, and they were starting to get worried about users after they had completed the half-dozen or so DARPA missions on their books. This should bump the number of booked Pegasus launches up to about 15 in total (I have to dig around and try to put together a listing of that....) The NASA Explorer program has traditionally been a fairly active program satellite, and OSC's capture of a major portion of the small scientific satellite program is strategically very important.] -- Wales Larrison Internet: Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org Compuserve: >internet:Wales.Larrison@ofa123.fidonet.org -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #314 *******************