Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Sat, 23 Feb 91 01:36:29 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Sat, 23 Feb 91 01:36:23 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #192 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 192 Today's Topics: POTENTIAL MAJOR FLARE WARNING UPDATE - 22 FEBRUARY NASA Prediction Bulletins, Part 1 Terraforming Venus Navstar GPS Constellation Status (91-02-22) Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- X-Delivery-Notice: SMTP MAIL FROM does not correspond to sender. Date: Fri, 22 Feb 91 01:24:17 MST From: oler%HG.ULeth.CA@vma.cc.cmu.edu (CARY OLER) Subject: POTENTIAL MAJOR FLARE WARNING UPDATE - 22 FEBRUARY X-St-Vmsmail-To: st%"space+@andrew.cmu.edu" /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ POTENTIAL MAJOR FLARE WARNING UPDATE Warning Cancellation Comments Requested (please read) /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ February 22, 1991 WARNING CANCELLATION: The potential major flare warning has been cancelled for the present time. It could be reinstated if activity intensifies. The potential for major flaring has dropped to the point where major flaring is not longer expected at the present time. The regions which were capable (and still may be capable) of producing major flares have been unproductive lately. The potential for major flaring could easily materialize in a relatively short period of time, but things now appear to have stabilized beyond the point where major flaring is strongly possible. Minor M-class flaring capable of producing minor SID's/SWF's are still expected to occur. The regions most capable of spawning flares are Regions 6504 (S16W03), 6508 (S13E38), 6497 (S12W36) and 6509 (S21E31). Region 6509 is the largest region on the disk at the present time, encompassing 3,960 million square kilometers and 38 spots configured in an EKI optical group. The magnetic field in this region is high, but the gradients are low. Shear does not appear to be a factor either, hence major flaring is unlikely from this region despite it's ominous appearance. It appears that Region 6497 may be forming a magnetic delta configuration. If a stronger delta configuration materializes, minor M-class flaring could begin from this region shortly. However, the delta configuration (if it has indeed materialized) might only be temporary. Surging has been noticed recently on the east limb near where old Region 6471 should be. This region may have experienced significant decay on the far side of the sun (it became a fairly frequent major flare producer as it departed around the west limb several weeks ago). The solar flux reached 302 today (21 February) and is expected to continue climbing. Current predictions estimate the 10.7 cm radio solar flux to reach 320 by 24 February. The sunspot number for 21 February is 325. Unless some major new developments occur, the sunspot number is not expected to reach 400 as was previously thought possible. The background x-ray flux is steady near a class C2 x-ray level. A coronal hole could begin enhancing geomagnetic activity over the next 48 hours. However, the hole has diminished in size recently and is not expected to produce anything more significant than unsettled conditions with possible isolated periods of active conditions (particularly over the higher latitudes). Auroral activity could likewise become enhanced somewhat within the next 48 hours. No significant activity is expected. Moderate activity could become visible over many high latitude regions. However, the activity is expected to remain confined to the high latitudes. HF propagation conditions are above normal at the present time. Above normal propagation conditions are expected to continue throughout the next week. MUF's could range from 40 to 55 MHz (dependent on location and time). Openings on 6 meters are very possible (if not likely) during the strong daylight hours over many regions. Reports of 6 meter DX contacts would be appreciated. Send any reports to "oler@hg.uleth.ca". Signals should remain strong and stable, except perhaps during local sunrise hours. VHF propagation conditions are normal to above normal. As was mentioned above, lower frequency 6 meter openings are possible. COMMENTS REQUESTED - PLEASE READ AND RESPOND Some structural changes in operation have been made recently with regards to Solar Terrestrial information distribution. Things have shifted from what originally was a temporary examination of the feasibility of distributing solar terrestrial information to a more permanent facility for providing these services. We have some vigorous and impressive new plans for providing public and research quality information and interpretation tools for users of the reports. The enhancements could significantly benefit users requiring radio propagation information (ie. ionospherically-related), solar activity information (whether it is sunspot, flare, coronal, proton, electron, or magnetically related, or whether it has to do with potential terrestrial impacts of one sort or another), and/or geophysical information (such as geomagnetic activity, auroral activity, magnetically induced currents, or other geophysical anomalies). However, before these plans can be initiated, we require comments from as many users of the information as possible in order to aid in securing funding for these initiatives. We are therefore requesting all individuals and organizations who find the solar terrestrial information useful and/or beneficial to send comments regarding the usefulness of the information posted over the nets. We would also appreciate comments from those who are aiding in redistributing the information to other sources. Comments regarding the extent of distribution, positive feedback received from distribution, etc would all be appreciated. Descriptions of the worth of these services are also encouraged. We are hoping the response to this request will be sufficient to be a convincing tool in our attempts to secure the funding necessary to enhance and expand our operations this summer. Please send all comments to: "oler@hg.uleth.ca" Thanks very much. /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ ------------------------------ Date: 22 Feb 91 22:58:50 GMT From: dog.ee.lbl.gov!ncis.tis.llnl.gov!blackbird.afit.af.mil!news@ucsd.edu (TS Kelso) Subject: NASA Prediction Bulletins, Part 1 The most current orbital elements from the NASA Prediction Bulletins are carried on the Celestial BBS, (513) 427-0674, and are updated several times weekly. Documentation and tracking software are also available on this system. As a service to the satellite user community, the most current of these elements are uploaded weekly to sci.space. This week's elements are provided below. The Celestial BBS may be accessed 24 hours/day at 300, 1200, or 2400 baud using 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity. - Current NASA Prediction Bulletins #813a - Alouette 1 1 00424U 62B-A 1 91 46.99572952 .00000260 00000-0 30091-3 0 3851 2 00424 80.4618 45.6959 0024070 9.2510 350.9072 13.67456383416011 ATS 3 1 03029U 67111 A 91 49.93283015 -.00000072 00000-0 99999-4 0 5034 2 03029 13.5178 19.0111 0035996 13.6288 345.5953 1.00273296 85269 Cosmos 398 1 04966U 71 16 A 91 53.16722859 .00059117 19241-4 31211-3 0 4000 2 04966 51.5377 311.9957 2099551 273.3553 63.1326 11.43202968619800 Starlette 1 07646U 75010 A 91 51.93976257 -.00000031 00000-0 22494-4 0 1958 2 07646 49.8302 256.9749 0205411 292.9030 65.0298 13.82151556810186 LAGEOS 1 08820U 76039 A 91 49.11363259 .00000006 00000-0 99999-4 0 1926 2 08820 109.8476 79.3821 0044579 186.3261 173.7009 6.38665073 89649 GOES 2 1 10061U 77048 A 91 49.92172772 -.00000259 00000-0 99999-4 0 5604 2 10061 8.6467 60.7014 0003163 311.8380 48.2606 1.00275276 51480 IUE 1 10637U 78012 A 91 53.04371539 -.00000183 00000-0 79862-4 0 2054 2 10637 32.6985 114.8628 1411526 0.1114 0.0172 1.00300776 8977 GPS-0001 1 10684U 78020 A 91 41.27402227 .00000005 00000-0 99999-4 0 5953 2 10684 63.8472 82.1937 0124939 198.7394 160.8708 2.00554447 80627 GPS-0002 1 10893U 78 47 A 91 48.25092047 -.00000022 00000-0 99999-4 0 3121 2 10893 64.2832 322.8173 0170853 23.6248 337.1974 2.00536155 93589 GOES 3 1 10953U 78062 A 91 52.24992035 .00000093 00000-0 99999-4 0 422 2 10953 7.5424 63.3913 0005321 129.0171 231.1475 1.00268145 7411 SeaSat 1 1 10967U 78064 A 91 51.11802100 .00000896 00000-0 34940-3 0 4651 2 10967 108.0247 112.0781 0004204 222.6192 137.4620 14.36209134662045 GPS-0003 1 11054U 78093 A 91 48.00316923 -.00000021 00000-0 99999-4 0 3496 2 11054 63.7909 319.0033 0062750 117.1195 243.6043 2.00572011 90594 Nimbus 7 1 11080U 78098 A 91 52.24101271 .00000137 00000-0 15218-3 0 7323 2 11080 99.1826 316.2950 0009228 134.6237 225.5669 13.83503181622479 GPS-0004 1 11141U 78112 A 91 51.11512566 .00000004 00000-0 99999-4 0 1287 2 11141 63.8693 81.7237 0062291 314.5146 45.0263 2.00548683 89358 GPS-0005 1 11690U 80 11 A 91 49.75807670 .00000006 00000-0 99999-4 0 952 2 11690 64.3128 84.0510 0121883 203.0878 156.4411 2.00553173 95183 GPS-0006 1 11783U 80 32 A 91 53.04826565 -.00000021 00000-0 99999-4 0 3578 2 11783 63.5834 318.3423 0155684 58.5783 302.9129 2.00568411 79335 GOES 5 1 12472U 81049 A 91 51.16272752 .00000120 00000-0 99999-4 0 461 2 12472 4.0850 72.6740 0003066 264.5666 95.6374 1.00234124 34717 SME 1 12887U 81100 A 91 53.09738864 .00665952 22372-3 11516-2 0 1416 2 12887 97.5787 126.0434 0001977 232.3240 128.0148 16.02413875 260 Cosmos 1383 1 13301U 82 66 A 91 52.24575611 .00000142 00000-0 15567-3 0 6854 2 13301 82.9324 118.2607 0026411 192.4227 167.6275 13.67881628431725 LandSat 4 1 13367U 82 72 A 91 52.25698589 .00000428 00000-0 99999-4 0 6774 2 13367 98.1273 114.4301 0005256 85.2085 274.9720 14.57142625457578 IRAS 1 13777U 83 4 A 91 51.54992229 .00000520 00000-0 38390-3 0 9025 2 13777 99.0152 249.3697 0013834 61.2206 299.0343 13.98884656 81668 Cosmos 1447 1 13916U 83 21 A 91 51.86688575 .00000205 00000-0 20574-3 0 7810 2 13916 82.9400 188.1919 0037024 165.2185 195.0063 13.74103147396829 TDRS 1 1 13969U 83 26 B 91 52.23323867 .00000127 00000-0 99999-4 0 2675 2 13969 5.0728 63.5738 0002568 293.9889 66.1602 1.00274628 1847 GOES 6 1 14050U 83 41 A 91 51.16997769 .00000114 00000-0 99999-4 0 3704 2 14050 2.8582 75.2135 0003648 70.1101 290.2680 1.00279274 628 OSCAR 10 1 14129U 83 58 B 91 33.73676974 .00000005 00000-0 99999-4 0 6357 2 14129 25.9197 162.4090 5980697 213.9903 86.8948 2.05880381 29486 GPS-0008 1 14189U 83 72 A 91 51.48398161 .00000003 00000-0 99999-4 0 8989 2 14189 63.4935 80.0852 0144442 224.3122 134.5818 2.00568932 55749 LandSat 5 1 14780U 84 21 A 91 52.15267701 .00000427 00000-0 99999-4 0 5292 2 14780 98.2503 113.8579 0001867 84.0657 276.0833 14.57093530370977 UoSat 2 1 14781U 84 21 B 91 52.11266993 .00002135 00000-0 39557-3 0 9207 2 14781 97.9172 101.1659 0011695 175.0178 185.1166 14.66236865372436 GPS-0009 1 15039U 84 59 A 91 43.18074690 .00000003 00000-0 99999-4 0 1653 2 15039 63.2366 79.4648 0027938 227.6145 132.2494 2.00566256 48852 Cosmos 1574 1 15055U 84 62 A 91 49.96137566 .00000152 00000-0 15161-3 0 291 2 15055 82.9523 240.3781 0028610 359.2900 0.8212 13.73411724333945 GPS-0010 1 15271U 84 97 A 91 45.11958725 -.00000022 00000-0 99999-4 0 31 2 15271 63.0888 318.0264 0112210 330.8942 28.5385 2.00563400 46002 Cosmos 1602 1 15331U 84105 A 91 51.68771723 .00003754 00000-0 49833-3 0 4789 2 15331 82.5384 130.4037 0020883 237.2819 122.6441 14.79453329344813 NOAA 9 1 15427U 84123 A 91 48.53406724 .00000495 00000-0 28660-3 0 7047 2 15427 99.1733 59.1698 0015976 43.0334 317.2081 14.12819394318620 GPS-0011 1 16129U 85 93 A 91 50.32335930 .00000004 00000-0 99999-4 0 7268 2 16129 64.0062 80.4198 0123481 148.2016 212.6187 2.00564465 39315 Mir 1 16609U 86 17 A 91 53.09907475 .00070549 00000-0 67558-3 0 2759 2 16609 51.6082 150.7084 0022793 271.5344 88.2864 15.65686044287143 SPOT 1 1 16613U 86 19 A 91 50.03787456 .00001022 00000-0 49745-3 0 2468 2 16613 98.7059 125.9638 0000994 154.0004 206.1325 14.20064401 98960 Cosmos 1766 1 16881U 86 55 A 91 52.37770784 .00000750 00000-0 99999-4 0 3207 2 16881 82.5251 188.5033 0020652 252.6849 107.2270 14.78868337245968 EGP 1 16908U 86 61 A 91 50.85202188 -.00000025 00000-0 99999-4 0 3401 2 16908 50.0086 214.6139 0011694 104.5426 255.6708 12.44392558205692 NOAA 10 1 16969U 86 73 A 91 48.61013736 .00000703 00000-0 32288-3 0 5514 2 16969 98.5775 75.8052 0012361 278.4538 81.5240 14.23906370229537 MOS-1 1 17527U 87 18 A 91 51.68708244 .00000119 00000-0 11311-3 0 7530 2 17527 99.0801 125.7263 0000536 110.8648 249.2577 13.94884331203903 GOES 7 1 17561U 87 22 A 91 50.88382812 -.00000047 00000-0 99999-4 0 7285 2 17561 0.0523 255.8003 0002445 111.2013 353.0347 1.00277026 8052 Kvant-1 1 17845U 87 30 A 91 52.90758326 .00080271 00000-0 76800-3 0 4818 2 17845 51.6111 151.6804 0022008 272.7817 86.9914 15.65677214221841 DMSP B5D2-3 1 18123U 87 53 A 91 52.66541855 .00000172 00000-0 99999-4 0 8544 2 18123 98.8115 244.9207 0015121 36.3590 323.8611 14.14341021189668 RS-10/11 1 18129U 87 54 A 91 52.99455134 .00000189 00000-0 19554-3 0 5320 2 18129 82.9282 143.9786 0012820 141.0759 219.1296 13.72148328183799 Meteor 2-16 1 18312U 87 68 A 91 50.05299915 .00000271 00000-0 23553-3 0 6065 2 18312 82.5564 94.6433 0011038 286.6848 73.3098 13.83736901177120 Meteor 2-17 1 18820U 88 5 A 91 50.08835882 .00000303 00000-0 26062-3 0 4548 2 18820 82.5481 154.1894 0016906 356.2310 3.8721 13.84427449154347 DMSP B5D2-4 1 18822U 88 6 A 91 52.63956707 .00000696 00000-0 33318-3 0 7915 2 18822 98.6145 291.0810 0005697 274.9439 85.1094 14.21766915158263 Glonass 34 1 19163U 88 43 A 91 53.26139414 .00000020 00000-0 99999-4 0 1747 2 19163 64.9201 150.7941 0007088 194.1468 165.8531 ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 22 Feb 91 21:17:38 EST From: John Roberts Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are those of the sender and do not reflect NIST policy or agreement. To: dant@mtdoom.wr.tek.com, space@andrew.cmu.edu Subject: Terraforming Venus >From: dant@mtdoom.WR.TEK.COM (Dan Tilque) >Newsgroups: sci.optics,sci.space,sci.physics >Subject: Re: Terraforming, sun shield >Date: 22 Feb 91 00:46:09 GMT >Water is the big problem, but then it's always the problem with all >schemes to terraform Venus. In the long run, you're going to need >about as much water as Earth has in its oceans, so transporting it from >Earth is out. So we either corral a bunch of comets or grab a small >moon from an outer planet. >Dan Tilque -- dant@mtdoom.WR.TEK.COM Water wouldn't do it - there's already too much oxygen as it is. You *might* be able to do something with hydrogen, if you could get it to react with the atmosphere and surface to form water and carbonate rocks (which is what the earth has). John Roberts roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 22 Feb 91 12:37:56 AST From: Richard Langley Subject: Navstar GPS Constellation Status (91-02-22) Navstar GPS Constellation Status (91-02-22) Blk NASA Orbit II PRN Internat. Catalog Plane Launch Seq SVN Code ID Number Pos'n Date Clock Comment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Block I 1 4 1978-020A 10684 78-02-22 Not usable since 85-07-17 2 7 1978-047A 10893 78-05-13 Not usable since 81-07-16 3 6 1978-093A 11054 A-3 78-10-06 Rb Usable as of 78-11-13 4 8 1978-112A 11141 78-12-10 L-band signals turned off 89-10-14 5 5 1980-011A 11690 80-02-09 Not usable since 83-11-28 6 9 1980-032A 11783 A-2 80-04-26 Rb Operating on 2nd Rb clock 7 81-12-18 Launch failure 8 11 1983-072A 14189 C-3 83-07-14 Cs Usable as of 83-08-10 9 13 1984-059A 15039 C-1 84-06-13 Cs Usable as of 84-07-19 10 12 1984-097A 15271 A-1 84-09-08 Cs Usable as of 84-10-03 11 3 1985-093A 16129 C-4 85-10-09 Rb Usable as of 85-10-30 operating on Rb clock without temp. control Block II II-1 14 14 1989-013A 19802 E-1 89-02-14 Cs Became available 89-04-15 II-2 13 2 1989-044A 20061 B-3 89-06-10 Cs Became available 89-08-10 II-3 16 16 1989-064A 20185 E-3 89-08-18 Cs Became available 89-10-14 II-4 19 19 1989-085A 20302 A-4 89-10-21 Cs Became available 89-11-23 II-5 17 17 1989-097A 20361 D-3 89-12-11 Cs L-band signals enabled 90-01-06 II-6 18 18 1990-008A 20452 F-3 90-01-24 Cs Became available 90-02-14 22:26 UT II-7 20 20 1990-025A 20533 B-2 90-03-26 Cs Became available 90-04-18 23:13 UT II-8 21 21 1990-068A 20724 E-2 90-08-02 Cs Became available 90-08-22 15:00 UT II-9 15 15 1990-088A 20830 D-2 90-10-01 Cs Became available 90-10-15 00:39 UT Block IIA II-10 23 23 1990-103A 20959 E-4 90-11-26 Cs Became available 90-12-10 23:45 UT Notes 1. NASA Catalog Number is also known as NORAD or U.S. Space Command object number. 2. No orbital plane position = satellite no longer operational. 3. Clock: Rb = Rubidium; Cs = Cesium 4. Earlier versions of this table had incorrect end-of-service dates for PRNs 7 and 5. 5. PRN 6 may experience problems during its eclipse season due to poor battery performance. 6. PRN 9 has lost momentum wheel stabilization and is currently being spin stabilized. The satellite is only usable for short periods each day when its antenna is pointing towards the earth. ============================================================================== Richard B. Langley BITnet: LANG@UNB.CA or SE@UNB.CA Geodetic Research Laboratory Phone: (506) 453-5142 Dept. of Surveying Engineering Telex: 014-46202 University of New Brunswick FAX: (506) 453-4943 Fredericton, N.B., Canada E3B 5A3 ============================================================================== ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #192 *******************