Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Fri, 22 Feb 91 02:14:59 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <4blAHie00WBw8Qd04r@andrew.cmu.edu> Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Fri, 22 Feb 91 02:14:55 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #189 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 189 Today's Topics: S.E.T.I Scientists find rare isotope on NASA spacecraft (Forwarded) Re: Martian mystery? Re: SPACE Digest V13 #102 (What's the Moon good for?) 33a72pr (was Re: Mars Mystery?) Re: Commercially-funded Space Probes (was Re: Space Profits) Shapes From Shading? (was: Re: Martian Mystery?) Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 21 Feb 91 17:02:11 GMT From: mcsun!ukc!newcastle.ac.uk!turing!n02ll@uunet.uu.net (William.Hey) Subject: S.E.T.I Hello, Please send me any information regarding SETI theories, projects etc. This is just for general interest, and it's time I know more about it. Thanks, Bill Hey Astrophysics - Newcastle University M.W.Hey@newcastle.ac.uk ------------------------------ Date: 22 Feb 91 01:38:59 GMT From: trident.arc.nasa.gov!yee@ames.arc.nasa.gov (Peter E. Yee) Subject: Scientists find rare isotope on NASA spacecraft (Forwarded) Sarah Keegan Headquarters, Washington, D.C. February 21, 1991 (Phone: 202/453-2754) Jim Sahli Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. (Phone: 205/544-0034) RELEASE: 91-30 SCIENTISTS FIND RARE ISOTOPE ON NASA SPACECRAFT Scientists from several U. S. government and university laboratories will report today finding the rare atmospheric isotope Beryllium-7 present on the surface of NASA's Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). The isotope Beryllium-7 is radioactive and produced naturally by cosmic ray reactions in the Earth's atmosphere. Although very rare, the isotope is detectable by modern nuclear instrumentation and has been studied in the past as a means of tracing the distribution and transport of atmospheric gases in the lower atmosphere, said Dr. Gerald J. Fishman of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. "The finding is thought to be significant from at least two different aspects," said Fishman. "First, it is known that the isotope is mainly produced at much lower altitudes in the atmosphere than where the LDEF was orbiting. The detection and measurements show that some, as yet undetermined, process efficiently carries it to high altitudes. "Additional and more detailed measurements of this type may lead to a better understanding of the movement of rare atmospheric components over the globe at high altitudes," he said. "Secondly, prior to this finding, there was only one atmospheric gas known to strongly interact with orbiting spacecraft. That gas, atomic oxygen, has been found to be very significant, leading to the degradation of various spacecraft surfaces. The detection of Beryllium-7 on the LDEF surface will allow scientists to study in greater detail the interaction of gases with spacecraft in low Earth orbit," said Fishman. "A team of scientists found the isotope on the LDEF during measurements at the Kennedy Space Center shortly after its return. At approximately the same time, researchers working with removed external spacecraft components at the Marshall Space Flight Center and the University of Alabama, Huntsville, confirmed the Beryllium-7 presence and showed that it was confined to a very thin layer -- the surfaces on the leading edge of the LDEF," said Fishman. The NASA scientist is part of a radiation group investigating materials and radiation data returned from LDEF. The finding involved the collaboration of scientists from the Marshall Space Flight Center; Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville; University of Alabama, Huntsville; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C.; University of Florida; Institute for Space Science and Technology, Gainesville, Fla; and Mississippi State University. The Long Duration Exposure Facility was returned from space by the Space Shuttle Columbia in January 1990 after nearly 6 years in Earth orbit. LDEF is a 12-sided cylindrical structure 30 feet long and 14 feet in diameter. The LDEF spacecraft was designed to test the performance of spacecraft materials, components and systems that have been exposed to micrometeroids, space debris, space vacuum, atomic oxygen, solar ultraviolet and space radiation for an extended period of time. LDEF carried 57 experiments and involved participation of several hundred scientists and engineers in the data analysis. The Long Duration Exposure Facility program is managed by NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. This first observation of the isotope on the surface of an orbiting spacecraft was reported in the British scientific journal Nature today. ------------------------------ Date: 21 Feb 91 00:42:45 GMT From: optilink!cramer@uunet.uu.net (Clayton Cramer) Subject: Re: Martian mystery? In article <9102181901.AA04798@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU>, TPM4017@PANAM.BITNET writes: > A few nights ago, on a late night talk show, a gentleman was promoting > a book about UFO's and the like. I generally don't pay too much attention > to such discussions but he had one piece of evidence that he claimed was > photo of the Martian surface. The photo appeared to show a huge face > and a pyramid. Of course he claimed that they were not natural features > and had to be made by some intellignet life. Are these photos really > of the surface of Mars, has anyone heard of these photos before, and what > is the commonly accepted interpretation of these photos? > > Just curious, > Tim McCollum (tpm4017@panam) I've seen the pictures, it looks like a face, in much the same way that playing "Stairway to Heaven" backwards sounds like "My Sweet Satan" -- if you know what to listen for, and imagine real hard, you might be persuaded. The last crackpot I heard making this claim was Prof. Churchman at UC Berkeley. (I'm not sure what dept. he is a professor in, but I believe he runs the Peace Studies program there). -- Clayton E. Cramer {uunet,pyramid,pixar,tekbspa}!optilink!cramer "Well, maybe the Holocaust was right *for that culture*." -- a moral relativist with whom I work. You must be kidding! No company would hold opinions like mine! ------------------------------ Date: 20 Feb 91 13:39:28 GMT From: udecc.engr.udayton.edu!blackbird.afit.af.mil!lonex.radc.af.mil!szarekw@tut.cis.ohio-state.edu (William J. Szarek) Subject: Re: SPACE Digest V13 #102 (What's the Moon good for?) The moon is there so we can surf and scoop babes dude, no problem. easy buzz ------------------------------ Date: 21 Feb 91 17:33:34 GMT From: kr0u+@andrew.cmu.edu (Kevin William Ryan) Subject: 33a72pr (was Re: Mars Mystery?) Well, here goes. I'm posting cleaned versions of the two 'mars face' images in uuencoded GIF format. To view them uudecode the files and load them into the nearest GIF viewer. Questions about decoding and viewing are referred to alt.sex.graphics and alt.graphics.pixtools - I won't be answering them. The first section is the original data that accompanied the images (huge mothers, over 1Kx1K). I am not certain of the details of this ascii information, so you're on your own. It contains location, sun angle, and a bunch of other stuff. The images here are cleaned - they are 128x128 clips from the big image, median filtered to remove (considerable) noise and contrast stretched for details. The ugly black spots are camera defects, as far as I can tell. The second section is the uuencoded .GIF - I suggest you just run this entire mail message through uudecode and it should give you the binary .GIF file. 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Member states are not permitted to authorize private >mining operations. > Sorry to disappoint you. > I hope you do not plan to defy the United Nations.......these >days that can become very unpleasant. It all depends on who you are. If the U.S. authorizes 3M to conduct mining operations supported by a U.S. lunar base, I seriously doubt we are going to let a bureaucracy interfere in this. The U.N. is pretty much irrelevant, except when we can use it to our advantage. Whether or not this is a good thing is subject to some debate, but that's the way it is. -- Matthew DeLuca Georgia Institute of Technology Do not meddle in the affairs of wizards, Office of Information Technology for they are subtle, and quick to anger. Internet: ccoprmd@prism.gatech.edu ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 21 Feb 91 08:52:46 PST From: greer%utdssa.dnet%utaivc@utspan.span.nasa.gov X-Vmsmail-To: UTADNX::UTSPAN::AMES::"space+@andrew.cmu.edu" Subject: Shapes From Shading? (was: Re: Martian Mystery?) Shortly after I mailed a posting about the "face" on Mars, I realized I had misspoken about looking at it in 3D. I'm starting to get enough mail about that to warrant a public retraction. Of course, I should have said I looked at the data in pseudo-3D. I just mapped brightness to height, which only gives an approximation of spatial reality, though it does help understanding a little better than just looking at the image. For example, in the dark side of the "face", just about where the lower cheek would be, there is a very dark place which is clearly real. In the image, it is impressively dark, but looking at it in pseudo-3D reveals that it is about twice as dark as the bright places are bright, relative to the surrounding area. But there are people who have worked and are working on this problem, mainly in the area of computer vision. I found a book in the UTD library about computer vision called _From Pixels To Predicates_, edited by Alex Pentland, which has a chapter about infering shapes from shading. Also, what about _Mars: The Movie_, _Miranda: The Movie_, and _LA (you guessed it): The Movie_. Those weren't all produced from stereographic pairs were they? Maybe someone from JPL can tell us about shading to shape inference _____________ Dale M. Greer, whose opinions are not to be confused with those of the Center for Space Sciences, U.T. at Dallas, UTSPAN::UTADNX::UTDSSA::GREER While the Bill of Rights burns, Congress fiddles. -- anonymous ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #189 *******************