Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Sat, 16 Feb 91 01:22:53 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Sat, 16 Feb 91 01:22:38 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #155 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 155 Today's Topics: Re: Science as Religion Space Shuttle Endeavor...Need Info. Magellan Update - 02/12/91 Re: German satellite to begin U.S. science mission (Forwarded) Magellan article Galileo Update - 02/11/91 dynasoar Re: Kevlar (was: Manoeuvring using rope and anch Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 23 Jan 91 13:53:26 GMT From: csus.edu!wuarchive!swbatl!wuarchive!sdd.hp.com!uakari.primate.wisc.edu!aplcen!sun4!jwm@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu (James W. Meritt) Organization: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Subject: Re: Science as Religion References: <1991Jan22.011337.646@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU>, <48353@apple.Apple.COM>, <1991Jan23.074802.29141@prometheus.UUCP> Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu In article <1991Jan23.074802.29141@prometheus.UUCP> pmk@prometheus.UUCP (Paul M. Koloc) writes: }In article <48353@apple.Apple.COM> ksand@Apple.COM (Kent Sandvik) writes: }>In article <1991Jan22.011337.646@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> pmy@vivaldi.acc.virginia.edu (Pete Yadlowsky) writes: }>>>An open minded scientist may speculate that someone organized the universe. } }>We have this age-old mythological scene where people belive that }>everything has to be created, by someone else... . and for instance }>quantuum mechanics shows us how particles suddenly appear from nothing, }> .. . } }Huh??? What? Pray you tell, "WHAT PARTICLE is created 'from nothing', }quantum mechanics or not ???" Are you a Joe Newman follower? } }and .. describe "particle" if you do answer. See also "virtual particles" and "Hawkins radiation". }>It will take some time before the acceptance of an idea such as a }>self-contained universe will be more widespread. } }Seeing as how energy is conserved and we are in a low energy density }dimensional state (limited information in a high order universe), I }would say you may not have a good working model (concept) of the total }physical universe let alone what ever the whole of REALITY is. Oh, really? Why not read up on vacuum energy? The Joural of British Interplanetary Society had a very interesting article on how it may be used forInterstellar flight. A unquantified "energy is conserved" is wrong. Ask, for instance, Japan. }> == self contained == } }I thought studies show our physical (3D) universe is "open". I think }that means it could have disconnected islands. It depends on how }you conceptual the metric. Did the metric pre-exist (was it defined }in the conditions prior to) the Big Bang? Within this last week I read they were still looking, and the article was within the context of the "cold dark matter" tests. You have better information? BTW: Yep, I know about the bubble universes... Opinions expressed are solely those of the author, and do not necessarily represent those opinions of this or any other organization. The facts, however, simply are and do not "belong" to anyone. jwm@sun4.jhuapl.edu or jwm@aplcen.apl.jhu.edu or meritt%aplvm.BITNET ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 11 Feb 91 01:08:44 GMT From: news@ncsuvx.ncsu.edu (Russell J. Soots) Organization: Computer and Technologies Theme Program Subject: Space Shuttle Endeavor...Need Info. Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu I need as much information as possible about the new space shuttle Endeavor. Similarities and differences with the current shuttles, first scheduled launch and mission, cost, details of its construction (esp. beginning date), etc. Pleae e-mail any relevant info to me ASAP. I must have the information by Feb. 14th. Thanks in advance! 'happy' RJS -- ******************************************************************************* RUSSELL J. SOOTS - North Carolina State Univesity - SED+BCH, minor GN happy@hobbes.catt.ncsu.edu_______________________North Carolina Teaching Fellow ******************************************************************************* ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 12 Feb 91 20:55:59 GMT From: usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@ucsd.edu (Ron Baalke) Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. Subject: Magellan Update - 02/12/91 Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu MAGELLAN STATUS REPORT February 12, 1991 On Monday, February 11, Magellan engineers noted that the temperatures of the spacecraft battery compartment have continued to increase during the mapping portion of each orbit, reaching a maximum of 25 degrees Celsius. This continued, slow increase is occurring even though the incidence angle of the Sun on the battery compartment is decreasing. Two explanations have been postulated: o The battery compartment is being illuminated by specular reflection of sunlight from the solar panels; or o The exterior of the battery compartment is turning darker with exposure to the Sun, increasing the percentage of the Sun's heat absorbed. The battery temperature alarm limit, designed to protect against a failed-on battery heater, is currently set at 28 degrees. At 32 degrees, spacecraft fault protection would disconnect the overheated battery from the spacecraft electrical power system, and relying only on the backup battery. In order to keep the battery temperatures within acceptable limits, the Project has decided to shorten the period of mapping on alternate orbits by turning the spacecraft to point the High Gain Antenna toward Earth ten minutes earlier than the nominal mapping orbit. This decrease in mapping time will cause a 10 minute loss of radar date on "delayed swath" orbits, when the radar data is collected further south, and the decrease in mapping time will therefore decrease the southerly extent of the mapping coverage from 78 to 52 degrees south latitude. Immediate swath orbits are not affected by this early turn to Earth point. Various approaches to controlling the spacecraft temperatures were analyzed. Several were discarded because of difficulties in preparing the command sequences or in processing the resulting radar image data. This method of decreasing heating was chosen because it can be implemented quickly without special modifications to the normal command sequence. The changes in orbit timing will be carefully verified in the Systems Verification Laboratory, then transmitted to the spacecraft today to take effect tomorrow. The shortened mapping pass will be reassessed on February 14 for possible increase or decrease based on the observed temperatures. The heating is expected to be alleviated in about two weeks when the spacecraft again begins to pass through the shadow of Venus during its mapping period. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | Is it mind over matter, ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | or matter over mind? /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | Never mind. |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | It doesn't matter. ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 14 Feb 91 05:46:21 GMT From: zephyr.ens.tek.com!tektronix!sequent!szabo@uunet.uu.net (Nick Szabo) Organization: Sequent Computer Systems, Inc. Subject: Re: German satellite to begin U.S. science mission (Forwarded) References: <1991Feb12.214825.6844@news.arc.nasa.gov>, <1637@mpirbn.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de> Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu In article <1637@mpirbn.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de> p515dfi@mpirbn.UUCP (Daniel Fischer) writes: >In article <1991Feb12.214825.6844@news.arc.nasa.gov> yee@trident.arc.nasa.gov >(Peter E. Yee) writes: >>Michael J. Braukus >>Headquarters, Washington, D.C. February 11, 1991 >>While these problems are >>still being analyzed, they are not expected to impact the science >>mission... [Mr. Fischer states specific problems and workarounds, and how these do indeed greatly impact the science mission] >Why can't NASA simply tell that story ? NASA is a political agency, and its postings to the net reflect its desire for more revenues. This is not so different from companies announcing and commenting on their products in the various comp.* newsgroups, except that NASA seeks political support, not voluntary purchases. Any information posted from NASA should be regarded with the same caution one regards news coming from the government agencies (U.S. and foreign) involved in the Iraq war. It is often not the complete picture. -- Nick Szabo szabo@sequent.com Embrace Change... Keep the Values... Hold Dear the Laughter... ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 14 Feb 91 22:43:27 GMT From: elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@decwrl.dec.com (Ron Baalke) Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. Subject: Magellan article Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu Associated Press -- 2/14/91 "Venus Volcanoes" By Lee Siegel "Some volcanoes on Venus erupt explosively and spew ash skyward, unlike the planet's typical volcanoes, which gently produce lava flows, the Magellan spacecraft has found." The AP Los Angeles science writer says that although Magellan hasn't yet caught a Venutian volcano in the act of spewing forth material, it has found signs, in the radar imagery it is sending back, of Venus' landscape that strongly suggest earlier volcanic blasts. The story says these appear as ash deposits in various regions. The report notes that Venus lacks water which would erode away the surface to acquire the ash-strewn look, and the winds on the planet are sluggish enough so that there is no wind- caused erosion either. Given these two predicates, the story says the Magellan scientific team has concluded that what they are seeing are, in fact, the ash remains of volcanic eruptions. The story says that in some cases, the ash appears to be deposited as much as six miles from its probable source. The report says that, as of now, Magellan has mapped slightly over half of the surface of Venus. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | Is it mind over matter, ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | or matter over mind? /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | Never mind. |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | It doesn't matter. ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 11 Feb 91 16:58:54 GMT From: van-bc!ubc-cs!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!cs.utexas.edu!sdd.hp.com!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (Ron Baalke) Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. Subject: Galileo Update - 02/11/91 Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu GALILEO STATUS REPORT February 11, 1991 The Galileo spacecraft's health continues to be excellent. Yesterday, Galileo successfully performed the planned sun acquisition activity. Today, no spacecraft activity is planned. Tomorrow, a USO (Ultra Stable Oscillator) test and a sun acquisition are planned. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | It's 10PM, do you know /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | where your spacecraft is? |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | We do! ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: Thu, 14 Feb 91 04:35 EST To: space+%ANDREW.CMU.EDU@unx.sas.com From: Mike Bishop Subject: dynasoar Can anyone tell me what ever became of the Dynasoar project? Did it just fade away, or is there ongoing work on the lifting body concept? Was this an Air Force endevor? It seems this was some sort of forerunner of the Shuttle. And if this project has been abandoned where might one go to see any of the aircraft on display, if this possible? thanks, mike ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 14 Feb 91 15:55:16 GMT From: news.miami.edu!rcf.rsmas.miami.edu!miller@handies.ucar.edu Subject: Re: Kevlar (was: Manoeuvring using rope and anch References: <1991Feb14.061003.26646@ariel.unm.edu> Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu In article <1991Feb14.061003.26646@ariel.unm.edu>, john@ghostwheel.unm.edu (John Prentice) writes: [...] > when repeatedly bent or even when tied in a knot. Put another way, yes, > it has a high tensile strength in uniaxial tension, but it does not have > as high a shear strength (as I recall from the controversy of few years > ago, maybe someone can speak to this who knows more than I do about it). > > One thing about using something like Kevlar for a cable that is going > to have to absorb a shock. It doesn't stretch all that much, so the [...] Another perspective on Kevlar from a practical application: For many years oceanographers have used Kevlar in deep water moorings. A mooring typically consists of a string of instruments attached to a line with flotation at the top (and sometimes at imtermediate points) and an anchor (typically old railroad wheels) on the bottom. The line to which everything is attached is the crucial load-bearing element. In addition, it is also the element which, when integrated over the whole length of the mooring, accounts for the vast majority of the horizontal drag in the presence of ocean currents. That drag tends to make the mooring lean over which is very undesirable from a measurement standpoint. So, one wants a line which is both strong enough to handle the axial tension and yet is as small in diameter as possible to reduce drag. Wire rope was the choice for decades. More recently, Kevlar was used but only with varying degrees of success. Moorings are deployed from ships top first - that is, the whole thing gets strung out on the surface of the ocean and then the anchor gets kicked over and the whole show sinks vertically. It is at that anchor release time that the line experiences maximum tension. Many have broken on deployment since Kevlar cannot stretch as much as wire rope. In addition, there is evidence that small nicks in the Kevlar can significantly reduce strength. And, last but not least, sharks seem to like to bite it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jerry L. Miller /\ Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science #\ o O \/ /\ University of Miami #/ /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ / 4600 Rickenbacker Cwsy. / / o O \/ Miami, FL 33149 USA Phone: (305) 361-4762 INTERNET: miller@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #155 *******************