Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Mon, 11 Feb 91 01:23:29 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Mon, 11 Feb 91 01:23:22 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #144 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 144 Today's Topics: Re: Controversy Re: Solar Impact Mission. Re: Controversy * SpaceNews 11-Feb-91 * Re: Controversy Re: Fire in Space Spacesuit marking (was Re: Contraversy) Solar Impact Mission. Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 9 Feb 91 19:30:05 GMT From: world!ksr!clj%ksr.com@uunet.uu.net (Chris Jones) Subject: Re: Controversy In article <6116@idunno.Princeton.EDU>, marty@puppsr (Marty Ryba) writes: >In article <1991Feb9.064442.6737@ee.ualberta.ca>, tanaka@ee.ualberta.ca (Craig Tanaka) writes: >|> >|> A friend and I are having an argument over the pictures of the first steps >|> upon the Moon. I was wondering if someone could clarify whether or not >|> it was taken by a remote camera or was restaged afterwards. (the video of >|> Armstrong jumping off the ladder on the descent module down to the surface.) >|> I am sure that questions such as this have been asked many times, and for >|> that I apologize, but if someone could help me out, I would be very >|> grateful. The first lunar landing was extensively covered in many, many periodicals and was the subject of many books as well. They could answer other questions you may have, probably better than the collected so-called wisdom of Usenet. Why not use a library? A look in one would reveal: The video was taken from a camera mounted on the Lunar Module. It was shown live to most of the world as it happened. > >Simple answer: the shot of an astronaut climbing down from the ladder as >seen from about 30' from the lander was taken by Neil Armstrong and showed >Buzz Aldrin stepping out. The 'one small step' video is the (less seen) >shot from the lander hatch that mostly shows Armstrong's head. >Since the later video is more photogenic, it is more often used and often >has Armstrong's words juxtaposed on it, leading to the confusion. > I really don't know what you're talking about here. The video I mentioned earlier was black and white, very high contrast, and taken from near the base of the LM itself. The astronauts later moved the camera out and mounted it facing the LM. I've also seen color films taken from an unattended camera (set up by Aldrin before he came out, I think) which show the astronauts setting up the flag. Later moon landings had color video cameras. The movie "For All Mankind" (now on video and showing on the Disney Channel) has a lot of great shots. The movie doesn't explain where the shots were done, though (and some of them were from Gemini, not Apollo, flights). -- Chris Jones clj@ksr.com {world,uunet,harvard}!ksr!clj ------------------------------ Date: 10 Feb 91 01:27:49 GMT From: maverick.ksu.ksu.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!pequod.cso.uiuc.edu!ahiggins@uunet.uu.net (Andrew Higgins) Subject: Re: Solar Impact Mission. In article <1991Feb5.154205.29266@engin.umich.edu> theslim@caen.engin.umich.edu writes: >> For really tight turns, what you want is a waverider design that can fly >> at high hypersonic speeds in an atmosphere. Then you can do a right-angle >> turn or even a 180 around any planet with a substantial atmosphere, e.g. >> Venus. Aerodynamic forces do a much better job of holding you down during >> the turn than gravity. This also lets you use Mars rather than Jupiter >> for outer-planets missions, which is nice because Jupiter's Van Allen belts >> are a major hassle for Jupiter gravity assists. > >Anyone in netland doing any research with high >velocity waveriders? No, I don't work in this area, but I can provide you with a reference. Armed with the AIAA paper number, you should have no trouble locating this paper in a decent engineering library. "Hypersonic Maneuvering to Provide Planetary Gravity Assist" AIAA 90-0539 A. McRonald and J. Randolph Jet Propulsion Lab. Pasadena, Ca 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting January 8-11, 1990/Reno, Nevada Abstract: In a previous papaer the authors analyzed aero-maneuvers at Venus and Earth. In this paper they extend the study to Mars, examining the potential of aero-assist maneuvers at Mars for missions to the Sun and to Pluto, using a high lift/drag vehicle such as the waverider to perform an atmospheric "fly-around" of Mars, in order to rotate the plaentocentric velocity vector, thus adding to the rather small rotation due to gravity alone. A fly-around in one direction or the other can place the aphelion or the perihelion of the resulting orbit at the Mars distance, for missions towards the Sun or towards Pluto, respectively. The parameters of such maneuvers are given as a function of Earth launch velocity. It is found to be advantageous in terms of Earth launch velocity to perform two aero- maneuvers, e.g., one at Venus and then one at Mars. Some problems regarding the actual implementation of the aeromaneuvers are discussed. -- Andrew J. Higgins ahiggins@pequod.cso.uiuc.edu ------------------------------ Date: 10 Feb 91 02:22:19 GMT From: usc!cs.utexas.edu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!utzoo!henry@apple.com (Henry Spencer) Subject: Re: Controversy In article <1991Feb9.064442.6737@ee.ualberta.ca> tanaka@ee.ualberta.ca (Craig Tanaka) writes: >... I was wondering if someone could clarify whether or not >it was taken by a remote camera or was restaged afterwards. (the video of >Armstrong jumping off the ladder on the descent module down to the surface.) The low-resolution video, shot from a strange angle, where you need to concentrate to sort out what's going on, is live and for real the very first steps. Early in Armstrong's descent, he pulled on a cord to release the latch of the surface-equipment-bay door. The camera was fixed to the door so that it faced the ladder when the door flopped open. I can assure you that it wasn't restaged; half a billion people, including me, were watching and listening to it happen. If the video you're looking at is shot from a level camera and is clear and easy to follow, you're probably looking at Aldrin coming down or at a sequence from a later mission. (As a side note, if you're looking at a still photograph from Apollo 11 on the surface, the astronaut is 99.9% certain to be Aldrin, because Armstrong had the camera most of the time. I believe they've turned up one still which is, based on context, Armstrong.) (It took another mission or two before they figured out that it was a good idea to mark the spacesuits so you could tell the two astronauts apart easily.) -- "Read the OSI protocol specifications? | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology I can't even *lift* them!" | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 10 Feb 91 01:25:54 GMT From: ka2qhd!kd2bd@rutgers.edu (John Magliacane) Subject: * SpaceNews 11-Feb-91 * SB SPACE @ ALLBBS < KD2BD $SPC0211 * SpaceNews 11-Feb-91 * Bulletin ID: $SPC0211 ========= SpaceNews ========= MONDAY FEBRUARY 11, 1991 SpaceNews originates at KD2BD in Wall Township, New Jersey, USA. It is published every week and is made available for unlimited distribution. * U2MIR-1 NEWS * ================ Here is an example of what the U2MIR mailbox help file looks like: B(ye) B [CR] disconnects you from PMS. H(elp) H [CR] or ? [CR] displays this help file. J(log) J [CR] displays a list of callsigns heard (optional date/time) K(ill) K n [CR] deletes message number n (only to/from your callsign). KM(ine) KM[CR] deletes all READ messages addressed to your call sign. L(ist) L [CR] lists the 10 latest messages. M(ine) M [CR] lists the 10 latest messages to/from your callsign. R(ead) R n [CR] reads message number n. S(end) S (callsign) [CR] begins a message addressed to (callsign). Subject: max 28 characters ending with [CR]. Text: End each line with [CR]. End message by typing /ex [CR] or CTRL-Z [CR] at the beginning of a new line. SR(eply) SR n[CR] Sends a reply to message n prompting only for text. V(ersion) V [CR] displays the software version of the PMS system. CMD(B/H/J/K/KM/L/M/R/S/SR/V/?)> U2MIR-5 was active last week when U2MIR-1 was issuing "busy" signals. * MAGELLAN NEWS * ================= The Magellan spacecraft has now completed over 944 mapping orbits covering almost 50 percent of the surface of planet Venus. All systems on board the spacecraft are performing well. * SHUTTLE INFO * ================ Shuttle Communications Frequencies (UHF-AM) 243.000 MHz Standard military aircraft emergecy frequency 259.700 MHz Air-to-ground or suit-to-orbiter 279.000 MHz Suit-to-orbiter or suit-to-suit 296.000 MHz Primary UHF downlink 296.800 MHz Air-to-ground or orbiter-to-suit The UHF communications system is primarily designed to support duplex voice communications between EVA crew members and the orbiter. Two UHF antennas are used in this system. The primary UHF antenna is an annular slot antenna. The second antenna is a microstrip antenna having a gain of -10dBci, and is primarily used by astronauts in the airlock. Simplex mode: The on-board voice signal from the audio system is first clipped to an RMS-to-peak ratio of 0.427 (9.0 dB clipping) and filtered (300-3000 Hz) before amplitude modulating the carrier with a modulation index of 90%. Transmitter power is 10 watts. EVA Mode: The UHF communications system can support two astronauts performing EVA for two-way duplex voice transmissions and reception of EKG signals. In the primary mode, the orbiter UHF communications system transmits a 298.600 MHz carrier which is amplitude modulated by the voice signal. It simultaneously receives the 259.700 MHz and 279.000 MHz AM carriers from two astronauts. Each received Am carrier includes a voice channel and a frequency modulated EKG subcarrier channel. Transmitter power is lowered to 250 mW in EVA mode by bypassing the final power amplifier. S-Band Microwave Frequencies (Wideband FM) Air-to-Ground : 2205.0, 2217.5, 2250.0, 2287.5 MHz Ground-to-Air : 2041.9, 2201.4 MHz 2287.5 MHz Primary digital downlink 2250.0 MHz Main engine analog telemetry during launch The voice downlinks employ digital slope delta modulation and are multiplexed with orbiter telemetry. Downlink TV is wideband FM. * TNX QSL! * ============ A special thanks to all those who sent QSLs and letters to SpaceNews: DE8MFJ : Peter Pfliegensdorfer, Haar-Ottendichl, Germany VK8GF : Jeff Farmer, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia ...and e-mail messages: VE2DBM, K3GLK, WB3JFS, N4IRR, G6FWT, KL7RH, WB9OEP * FEEDBACK WELCOMED * ===================== Feedback regarding SpaceNews can be directed to the editor (John) via any of the following paths: INTERNET : kd2bd@ka2qhd.de.com PACKET : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA UUCP : ...uunet!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd MAIL : John A. Magliacane, KD2BD Department of Electronics Technology Advanced Technology Center Brookdale Community College 765 Newman Springs Road Lincroft, New Jersey 07738 U.S.A. /EX -- John A. Magliacane FAX : (908) 747-7107 Electronics Technology Department AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA Brookdale Community College UUCP : ...!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd Lincroft, NJ 07738 USA VOICE: (908) 842-1900 ext 607 ------------------------------ Date: 9 Feb 91 19:13:04 GMT From: csus.edu!beach.csulb.edu!nic.csu.net!usc!samsung!uakari.primate.wisc.edu!dali.cs.montana.edu!milton!sumax!thebes!polari!crad@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu (Charles Radley) Subject: Re: Controversy The TV on Apollo-11 was of course lve......live.... And on very othr Appollo. Movie footage and still were also taken and developed afterwards. After stepping on to the Moon the crew would detach the camera from the LEM and mount it on a tripod some distance from the LEM. ------------------------------ Date: 10 Feb 91 21:15:50 GMT From: sdcc6!sdcc13!bdietz@ucsd.edu (Jack Dietz) Subject: Re: Fire in Space In article <1991Feb9.163542.11355@athena.mit.edu> brndlfly@athena.mit.edu (Matthew T Velazquez) writes: >If, as most have been saying, a flame lit in zero gravity would simply deplete >the oxygen in the immediate vicinity and go out, is there any sort of procedure >for a fire on board something like the Shuttle once it reaches orbit? Anyone >with first- or second-hand knowledge? > I have neither, but pulling out my old and dog-eared copy of The Space Shuttle's Operator's Manual, it shows diagrams of most of the bays inside the front module. Each of these bays has at least one fire extinguisher shown. Furthermore, a control panel on the far left of the commander's seat has controls for monitoring smoke alarms and manually setting off the various extinguishers. Don't worry, they thought of that... :) -- Jack >> Restriction alt.swedish.chef.bork.bork.bork has been removed. Jack Dietz (bdietz@ucsd.edu) UCSD Comp Eng Sophomore <> ------------------------------ Date: 9 Feb 91 12:37:32 GMT From: van-bc!rsoft!mindlink!a752@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (Bruce Dunn) Subject: Spacesuit marking (was Re: Contraversy) > henry@zoo.toronto.edu writes: > Person: Henry Spencer > > (As a side note, if you're looking at a still photograph from Apollo 11 > on the surface, the astronaut is 99.9% certain to be Aldrin, because > Armstrong had the camera most of the time. I believe they've turned > up one still which is, based on context, Armstrong.) (It took another > mission or two before they figured out that it was a good idea to mark > the spacesuits so you could tell the two astronauts apart easily.) The designers of the moon suits should have read their science fiction! This problem was clearly anticipated by Robert Heinlein, who in his 1949 book "Red Planet" envisioned the problem of identifying someone wearing protective gear (in the case of the novel, respirator masks for breathing on Mars)... From "Red Planet": [regarding the appearance of someone wearing a respirator] - The unearthly appearance was increased by a pattern of black and yellow tiger stripes covering the entire head. The tiger stripes on Jim's mask, the war paint of Frank's, and a rainbow motif on Phyllis's made the young people easy to identify. -- Bruce Dunn Vancouver, Canada a752@mindlink.UUCP ------------------------------ Date: 8 Feb 91 21:11:17 GMT From: csus.edu!beach.csulb.edu!nic.csu.net!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!zardoz.cpd.com!dhw68k!ofa123!p1.f940.n103.z1.fidonet.org!Ron.Rapp@ucdavis.ucdavis.edu (Ron Rapp) Subject: Solar Impact Mission. In a message to All <07 Feb 91 03:00> Eric Michael Slimko wrote: EM> From: theslim@engin.umich.edu (Eric Michael Slimko) EM> Date: Tue, 5 Feb 1991 15:42:05 GMT EM> Organization: University of Michigan EM> Message-ID: <1991Feb5.154205.29266@engin.umich.edu> EM> Newsgroups: sci.space -- Ron Rapp Internet: Ron.Rapp@p1.f940.n103.z1.fidonet.org Compuserve: >internet:Ron.Rapp@p1.f940.n103.z1.fidonet.org -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #144 *******************