Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from hogtown.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Tue, 5 Feb 91 01:41:54 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Tue, 5 Feb 91 01:41:50 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #110 SPACE Digest Volume 13 : Issue 110 Today's Topics: Re: Satellite Imagery of Iraq/Kuwait Re: Spacing Organizations MAJOR SOLAR FLARE ALERT - HIGH IMPACT EXPECTED Re: decimal to hexadecimal Re: Spacing Organizations Re: SPACE Digest V13 #089 Re: Expendable vs Shuttle Galileo Update #2 - 01/31/91 Re: SPACE Digest V13 #094 Re: Voyager CD-ROMs Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 30 Jan 91 22:04:27 GMT From: zephyr.ens.tek.com!wrgate!mtdoom!dant@uunet.uu.net (Dan Tilque) Subject: Re: Satellite Imagery of Iraq/Kuwait Mark.Perew@ofa123.fidonet.org (Mark Perew) writes: >First, let me state that I don't want to cause sci.space to descend >into a cloud of political debate. I'd like to keep this more on >the technological and factual areas. Amen. >As I recall when Chernobyl had its little "event" the media was >displaying LandSat-style imagery within a couple of days of the >"event". However, we are now 13 days into Operation Desert Storm >and I haven't seen any visible spectrum or IR imagery from the >Persian Gulf area. My understanding is that neither the French nor the U.S. will allow release of satellite pictures of anywhere near the Persian gulf. I'm not sure about the Soviets. On Jan 27, "60 Minutes" had a report on an Iraqi plant which was supposedly refining weapons grade uranium. It was up in the mountains in the northeastern part of Iraq. They'd gotten a couple of Soviet sattelite images and had them processed to get 3-D "images" (what do they call them anyway? Stereograms?). There was a road up to the plant that was obvious, but it took an expert to point out where the plant was. I can't remember if they even said when they obtained these images. My impression was that it was last summer. --- Dan Tilque -- dant@mtdoom.WR.TEK.COM "A BURRO is an ass. A BURROW is a hole in the ground. As a reporter, you are expected to know the difference." -- UPI Stylebook ------------------------------ Date: 31 Jan 91 03:29:56 GMT From: milton!sumax!polari!crad@beaver.cs.washington.edu (Charles Radley) Subject: Re: Spacing Organizations +number of interesting things. One was info on an Australian +experimental satelite that was launched in the early 60s from +Woomera, using British launcher. But the whole project was +Australian. Orbited for couple of weeks. - A couple of corrections needed here. In 1967 the Australian Ministry of Defence used an AMERICAN Redstone vehicle to launch Wresat-1A (Weapons Research Establishment Satellite) from the Woomera launch site in South Australia. That launch was planned and excuted entirely by Australian personnel. The spacecraft was designed and constructed by the Australian WRE. The expended first stage of the Redstone was recently found in the desert and will be put in a museum. In 1966 France launched a satellite from Algeria, but Australia can still claim credit as the third nation to launch a satellite from its own national territory. Britain launched several suborbital vehicles from Woomera, but only achieved one successful orbital launch, Black Arrow X-3 (called Prospero upon injection) in 1971. Black Arrow / Prospero was 100 % British, with no Australian involvement in the flight hardware. A couple of years ago I heard Prospero was still transmitting, but I have heard nothing recently. Britain was also involved in European orbital attempts from Woomera, all of which failed - Europa-2A achieved orbit in 1972 but the fairing failed to separate so the spacecraft was lost. ------------------------------ X-Delivery-Notice: SMTP MAIL FROM does not correspond to sender. Date: Thu, 31 Jan 91 00:34:34 MST From: std_oler%HG.ULeth.CA@vma.cc.cmu.edu (Cary Oler) Subject: MAJOR SOLAR FLARE ALERT - HIGH IMPACT EXPECTED X-St-Vmsmail-To: st%"space+@andrew.cmu.edu" -- MAJOR SOLAR FLARE ALERT -- JANUARY 31, 1991 ** MAJOR IMPACT EXPECTED ** Flare Event Summary -------- MAJOR ENERGETIC EVENT SUMMARY Two significant X-class flares exploded off of the sun over the past 24 hours. The first flare (and least-significant) occurred at 09:04 UT on 30 January. The flare was rated a class X1.0/2B flare and was not associated with any sweep frequency events or other significant radio bursts. It was produced by Region 6466. The flare location was S08W34. The duration of the event was 1 hour and 27 minutes. No significant impacts are expected from this flare. HOWEVER, another major X-class energetic flare erupted early in this UT day. The flare peaked at 02:30 UT on 31 January and has been classed an X1.3/2N Tenflare. This flare was associated with significant Type II and Type IV sweeps (rated at an intensity level of 2)! The duration of this flare was 103 minutes (or 1 hour and 43 minutes). It was associated with a 600 s.f.u. Tenflare. The flare originated from Region 6469 at a location of S11W27. This region has grown explosively over the past 24 hours. A PROTON WARNING HAS BEEN ISSUED BY THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT SERVICES CENTER! Protons are now arriving (as of 06:30 UT on 31 January). Models are predicting a proton event with flux levels as high as 200 p.f.u. at greater than 10 MeV! This is expected to be a SIGNIFICANT proton flare! A POLAR CAP ABSORPTION WARNING has been issued for high latitude regions. The expected influx of energetic protons could produce a moderate intensity PCA over polar and high latitude regions. An associated radio blackout could occur over the polar and high latitude regions if the PCA becomes intense enough. A MAJOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM is expected to occur on 01 February in response to this latest proton flare. An SSC is expected between 08:00 UT on 01 February and 20:00 UT on 01 February, followed by the main phase of the storm several hours later. This storm could last between 18 and 36 hours. The probability for a major geomagnetic storm is very high (80%). Global geomagnetic storm intensities are expected to push the magnetic A-index to levels between 50 and 100; localized activity could easily surpass this rating. A MAJOR AURORAL STORM is expected to occur when the geomagnetic storm begins. An auroral storm alert has been issued for all middle AND LOW LATITUDES! If activity reaches levels currently anticipated, widespread auroral activity will become visible over middle and low latitudes (as well as high latitudes). MAJOR HF RADIO PROPAGATION DEGRADATION is expected to occur with the onset of the main phase of the geomagnetic and auroral storming. Radio blackout warnings have been posted for high latitudes and middle latitudes. All latitudes will experience major disruptions in HF propagation conditions. BISTATIC AURORAL BACKSCATTER COMMUNICATIONS ALERTS are being issued to high and middle latitudes, with increased possibilities for successful (albeit quite disturbed signal qualities) auroral communications over low latitudes. A POTENTIAL ELECTRICAL ANOMALY WARNING is being issued to all organizations and industries which could be affected by significant geomagnetic perturbations. A risk for geomagnetically induced electrical currents into long conductive objects exists during the main phase of the expected geomagnetic storm, provided the intensity of the predicted storm reaches or surpasses levels anticipated. Potentially affected industries include: Electrical power distribution networks, continental or transatlantic telecommunications networks, pipeline networks, railway systems, etc. Strong magnetic perturbations may develope with intensities capable of inducing currents into relatively long, ground-based conductive objects. All organizations and industries which could be affected are warned to be on the alert for potential anomalies. Anomalies could occur anytime after the main phase begins (which is expected between 08:00 UT on 01 February and about 04:00 UT on 02 February). Further major flaring from the potent regions currently on the solar disk is likely over the next 3 to 7 days. K-indices could reach levels between 7 and 9 during the main phase of the geomagnetic storm (note that a K-index of 9 is the top of the scale for measuring magnetic perturbations). For revised prediction charts, consult the Potential Major Geomagnetic Storm Warning which has been posted in conjunction with this alert. ** End of Report ** ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Jan 91 01:38 CST From: Subject: Re: decimal to hexadecimal In article , ephillip@ma gnus.ircc.ohio-state.edu (Earl W Phillips) writes: > > Could someone give me a quick lesson ({r equation) on how > to conver{ decimal numbers to hexadecimal? Thanx in advance! A quick and dirty way to do it (easy to program) is: (1) convert the decimal to binary (2) group the binary digits in groups of 4, starting from the RIGHT of the binary number; add leading zeroes if needed (3) convert each group of 4 binary numbers to its equivalent hex number, i.e., 0000 -> 0 0001 -> 1 ... 1010 -> A 1011 -> B ... an example: decimal 16 = binary 10000 grouping digits gives 1 0000 add leading zeroes 0001 0000 0001 binary = 1 hex 0000 binary = 0 hex so decimal 16 = 10 hex +----------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | | ~~ top quark ~~ | | Cheryl A. Hoefelmeyer | @ | | | Southwest Texas State University | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | DECnet address: SWT::CH02079 | | BITnet address: CH02079@SWTEXAS.BITNET | | really long, cool, cryptic address: ch02079%swtexas.bitnet@ricevm1.rice.edu | | cyberspace grid address: TOPQRK@TESSIER.ASHPOOL%09296435 | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | "If there's nothing wrong with me, then there's something wrong with the | | universe." -- Dr. Beverly Crusher | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ------------------------------ Date: 31 Jan 91 10:06:38 GMT From: research!phacb@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (A.C.Beresford) Subject: Re: Spacing Organizations To add to your info Charles, and give credit to old friends colleagues. The satellite experiments for WRESAT were designed and constructed by the Space Laborarory of the Physics Dept., University of Adelaide. They were based on instruments flown in sounding rockets, measuring the composition of the atmosphere by changes in absorbtion as the Sun "set" from satellite. Later versions also flew in the Mesospheric explorer satellite I understand. ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Jan 91 12:25:02 -0800 From: nirvana@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (60351000) Subject: Re: SPACE Digest V13 #089 Please... Do NOT send me the Space Digest!! It's just cluttering up my mailbox. Thank you. ------------------------------ Date: 31 Jan 91 16:58:51 GMT From: usc!cs.utexas.edu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!utgpu!utzoo!henry@ucsd.edu (Henry Spencer) Subject: Re: Expendable vs Shuttle In article <9101301841.AA00433@iti.org> aws@ITI.ORG ("Allen W. Sherzer") writes: >>Actually, the Challenger breakup (it wasn't an explosion) would have been >>survivable had the astronauts been in a tough little capsule with parachutes >>rather than in a big fragile orbiter with wings. > >Especially when you realize that the capsule has a nice little rocket >to carry the crew to safety. My personal opinion is that the rocket isn't necessary, actually, unless we are talking about failures at extremely low altitude. -- If the Space Shuttle was the answer, | Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology what was the question? | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry ------------------------------ Date: 31 Jan 91 19:37:56 GMT From: snorkelwacker.mit.edu!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@bloom-beacon.mit.edu (Ron Baalke) Subject: Galileo Update #2 - 01/31/91 GALILEO STATUS REPORT January 31, 1991 Yesterday, the CDS "B" (Command Data Subsystem) memory readout activity was successfully completed with no anomalies or parity errors observed. Today, the planned Low Gain Antenna switch from LGA2 to LGA1 was successfully completed. In addition to the antenna switch, a planned sun acquisition activity was also successfully completed. Tomorrow, spacecraft activity will be limited to a cruise science memory readout for the MAG (Magnetometer) and DDS (Dust Detector) instruments. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov | | | | __ \ /| | | | Jet Propulsion Lab | ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ M/S 301-355 | It's 10PM, do you know /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| Pasadena, CA 91109 | where your spacecraft is? |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ | We do! ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 31 Jan 91 12:25:36 -0800 From: nirvana@ucscb.UCSC.EDU (60351000) Subject: Re: SPACE Digest V13 #094 Please... Do NOT send me the Space Digest!! It's just cluttering up my mailbox. Thank you. ------------------------------ Date: 31 Jan 91 14:57:37 GMT From: dftsrv!nssdcb.gsfc.nasa.gov!brotzman@ames.arc.nasa.gov (Lee E. Brotzman) Subject: Re: Voyager CD-ROMs In article <1991Jan30.231628.6707@oakhill.sps.mot.com>, hunter@oakhill.sps.mot.com (Hunter Scales) writes... >baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) writes: >> I've received a number of inquiries about the Voyager images available >>on CD-ROMs. There are eight CD-ROMs that contain about 16,000 images taken > > Does anyone know if these CD-ROMs can be read on a Macinosh? When you order the CD-ROMs from the NSSDC, ask for the Macintosh Browser program for CD-ROMs. This program was written by Dana Swift of AEROMET Corp. in Tulsa, OK, to support his work with a variety of NASA CD-ROM products. It has many nice features like "thumbnails" -- subsampled renderings of all the images in a folder allowing the user to select the image he wants to see by clicking on the postage stamp version. The software works with PDS images (Voyager) and FITS images (Einstein X-ray CD-ROMs) and with FITS tables (ADC astronomical catalogs). > > I dont understand. Were all the color pictures false color? > I was under the impression that they were created by multiple > monochrome pictures take thru color filters? > But the individual images are still monochrome, right? That's the way they are stored on the CD-ROM, as the original data. The Browser program mentioned above now comes with another program called "True Color!" that allows one to "register" the multiple filter images and render a reasonably good true color image. The multi-filter images are not all at exactly the same alignment and each image has to be adjusted and rotated slightly in order to get them all lined up. JPL-quality images take some more extensive image processing than that but the Mac program gives good results, nonetheless. >Motorola Semiconductor Inc. Hunter Scales >Austin, Texas oakhill!hunter@cs.utexas.edu >#include -- Lee E. Brotzman Internet: brotzman@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov -- ST Systems Corp. SPAN: NSSDCA::BROTZMAN -- Astrophysics Data System BITNET: ZMLEB@SCFVM -- National Space Science Data Center "Prayer: the last refuge of a scoundrel" -- "My thoughts are my own" Lisa Simpson, 1990 ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V13 #110 *******************